Why is the Weak Force weak?
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- čas přidán 10. 05. 2024
- The subatomic world is governed by three known forces, each with vastly different energy. In this video, Fermilab’s Dr. Don Lincoln takes on the weak nuclear force and shows why it is so much weaker than the other known forces.
Related videos:
• Feynman diagrams - Věda a technologie
THIS is how videos about quantum mechanics should be presented, EXACTLY LIKE THIS. 90% of the time isn't eaten up explaining the same 3 concepts that you've heard about 16,000 times before, often in so oversimplified terms they fail to convey anything meaningful at all. And also the points they are making aren't buried deep in post-graduate mathematics that lamen won't understand. This video hits the perfect middle ground of actually explaining what it wants to explain in exactly the right amount of detail and clarity
That's probably because of quantum uncertainty: it is exceedingly rare to have an explanation with this quality, yet when it happens it is so good that is mind-blowing. ;D
@@LuisAldamiz hahahahaha
make him a cake
@@Tomaplen Or his students.
16,386. Where'd u learn howta fuckin count?? Lol
What really is mind-blowing is the leap from "we can measure the mass less and less precisely" to "mass differs".
Yes... Measuring the mass less precisely is fairly intuitive to grasp but this seems to be saying that mass is probabilistic which is pretty amazing
good mention, probably that's because mass is also product of very mind blowing interaction with scalar higgs field. so to understand this we need to know how higgs mechanism and renormalization works
@@asuraKabuto But higgs field is defective or scalar field is incomplete!
Physicist: "Tau particles are the most unstable substance known in the universe."
Italian government: "Hold my beer."
hold my pepperoni pizza
Hold my grappa
That would actually be the top quark
So maybe the weak force should just be called the not so probable force?
In a specific decay it's exactly the not so probable force, but in an aggregate scale the effect of 'weakness' is produced.
@@AlexIgSmith42 Yep. It's a side effect of having to name things before they're properly understood.
Or the not so probably but highly predictable force.
I think even force is bad name for this event
I have been studying quantum and particle physics for so so long and have NEVER had an explanation like this...and that is awesome. I wish so badly that someone had ever explained things in this way. Before this video, I only understood it in terms of the maths, and while it’s good for calculations, it’s not good for truly understanding it or for innovation in the fields. Thank you so much.
I would love a khan academy- or crash course-type series with y’all in explaining all this stuff. I know it’s very deep and intricate and honestly just as diverse as classical physics, but y’all could really help educate the public and even knowledgeable people like myself. Thank you so much!
WHY AND HOW ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity IN A BALANCED FASHION CONSISTENT WITH E=MC2 AND F=MA (ON BALANCE):
E=MC2 IS F=ma. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. THE EARTH/ground AND what is THE SUN are CLEARLY (and necessarily) E=MC2 AND F=ma IN BALANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity !!! INDEED, TIME dilation ULTIMATELY proves ON BALANCE that E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. (Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy.) The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. SO, consider the man who is actually in outer "space" in comparison with the man who IS standing on what is THE EARTH/ground. This means that the FULL DISTANCE in/of SPACE is directly proportional to (or BALANCED with) the MIDDLE DISTANCE in/of SPACE, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity; AS gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites !!! Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. Carefully consider the speed of light (c) ON BALANCE !!!
Get a good look at the BLUE SKY. THE EARTH is ALSO BLUE. Get a good look at what is THE EYE !!!!! Consider the man who is standing on what is THE EARTH/ground. Touch AND feeling BLEND, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Balanced BODILY/VISUAL EXPERIENCE is the reason that objects AND MEN fall at the SAME RATE (neglecting air resistance, of course), AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. (Accordingly, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches it's revolution.) "Mass"/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent with/as what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. E=MC2 IS F=ma. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity !!!!!!! It all CLEARLY makes perfect sense, AS BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand !!! Think QUANTUM GRAVITY !!!!!!!!!!! GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma ON BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. Accordingly, a given PLANET (INCLUDING WHAT IS THE EARTH) sweeps out EQUAL AREAS in equal times consistent WITH/AS E=MC2, F=ma, AND what is perpetual motion; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity; AS E=MC2 IS F=ma. (The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky !!!) It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense. E=MC2 IS F=ma ON BALANCE !!! ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy !!! Again, also consider what is the speed of light (c). BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand !!!
IMPORTANTLY, what is THE EARTH/ground (a PLANET) is a BALANCED MIDDLE DISTANCE form or relation; AS E=MC2 IS F=ma ON BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity !!! Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. It all CLEARLY makes perfect sense, AS BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. Consider what is the speed of light (c).
By Frank DiMeglio
Why Khan Academy? KA specializes in math and better stays in math. but it also tries to lecture on a bunch of other disciplines which to me is not a good thing. Don is good here because this is his expertise.
”The Force is weak with this one.”
- Enrico Fermi
Top Quark: Hold my beer
@@spudhead169 Right. You must quark that beer. I know it has nice flavor and colour but also it is very strange' it can give you a spin. If you fell don't complain; I tau you! :-)
I drink the type that has an emu on the label.
You should be ashamed for insulting the weak Force.
It has inner strength.
Yeah but, it sleeps for six days and then comes out to play for one day ( before going back to bed... it needs the rest)
He meant to say, "let the force be with you."
I would call it the Lazy Force. It hardly ever works and pays no attention. But when it does something, it makes a big fuss about it.
The weak force is responsible for destroying all the heavy quark matter
Robert Pruitt What matters is that it has good self esteem .
I did not expect this to have such a simple explanation. Thanks!
Then calling it weak force is a huge misnomer. It should be called infrequent force or low probability force.
Gravity is the weak force
@@hubbletrubble7875 Someone published a paper in 2019 showing that ultra-relativistic gravity has similar properties to those of the strong nuclear force. I am no mathematician so I have no idea if what he is proposing has any merit, I asked Dr. Don but he hasn´t answered(yet)
@@paulmichaelfreedman8334 Got a link to the paper?
@@hubbletrubble7875 By far the weakest, and also the strongest.
@@sasca854 It's weak, but it can reach realllyyyyy far
This has actually been very informative. And has completely changed how I see particle interactions.
The clarity is exceptional! Great video!
Dr Lincoln, your channel is the best! i wish you well being and a long life so you produce a lot more of these videos :D
Well this is positively fascinating. I've always wondered about the weak force. Very well written and presented!
I love these videos. Please keep them coming. I learn so much from them. Mr Lincoln is a great teacher.
This is my favorite show on CZcams right now. =) Thanks and keep up the great work!
Thanks for unraveling some of this stuff.
This was an excellent video and finally made sense of something I did not understand before.
Well, this was really clarifying. Now I want to watch more :) An suscribed!
It is always such a pleasure to see a new video by Dr. Lincoln, particle hunter!
That was simple, impactful and empowering! Bravo!
I would LOVE to see a video on the electroweak force. I've tried to watch some lectures on it, but it's a bit over my head, and your channel does a great job of explaining complex topics.
"...There is nothing particular about this particular process.."
That did not help at all.
Great video! I cannot believe how much useful information you packed into 10 minutes.
Best one yet!
Really enjoy, thank you : )
Thank you so much! I actually understood that
so the "weak force" is not weak, but just a "high mass high energy barrier" action
which is accordingly seldom in less high energy or less high mass actions...
This is one of your more complicated videos, Dr Don, so thanks for that!
This is an excellent explanation, and one of the best FL videos I've watched. Thank you Dr. Lincoln.
Hi Don!
Thanks for your awesome videos, I'm really interested in physics, I know about most classical physics concepts: I've stopped at special relativity and basic quantum mechanics. When it comes to particle physics, more advanced quantum mechanics (QED, QCD, QFT, etc.) or general relativity it's currently out of my reach to formally play with them. Understanding the basic concepts behind them is awesome and there are not many resources like your youtube channel to explain them!
On this topic, I'm still struggling to understand why the weak force has two bosons involved and not the other forces, and especially why you almost exclusively speak about the W boson only to explain the way the weak force works. It'd be great if you made a video that clarifies this!
By the way, you should really gather all your videos under a seperate channel or at least put them in a playlist of the fermilab channel because they differ from the rest of the channel.
Oh and finally, don't hesitate to put in the description more links to resources you'd useful for understanding the concepts you share in your videos. It'd be awesome to be able to dig deeper with articles readable for people that can handle equations and a bit of mathematics, but who are unable to read a formal research paper.
Cheers,
Keep up with your awesome videos,
Tim.
I'd like to know why the weak force has two bosons as well.
I can try to explain the answer to your question, but I doubt it will be satisfactory. It will be unsatisfactory because there is not really a more fundamental physical process which explains the number of gauge bosons for a specific force. It is almost like asking 'why are there 3 generations of quarks and leptons (up, charm, top and electron, muon, tau)'. Nobody can answer that question in terms of a underlying process which will produce this magical number of 3. We can of course by experiment conclude that it has to be 3, but there is no theoretical explanation for this (yet). For this you need a more fundamental theory.
However, In the case of the 3 gauge bosons of the weak force (yes 3, there are actually 2 W bosons and one Z boson) there is an explanation which a physicist would consider more fundamental. The weak force has 3 gauge bosons because it is a su(2) gauge symmetry (just as in the video I omit the fact that the weak force is actually a so called spontaneously broken symmetry from the more fundamental unified electroweak theory). The su(2) symmetry is associated to 3 mathematical operations (those correspond to your 3 gauge bosons eventually) under which the equations (or the Lagrangian to be more specific) of the weak force is invariant. You can turn the argument around and actually considered the symmetry as the starting point of your theory. You can show that, given this symmetry, there is no other possible Lagrangian that you can write down other than the Lagrangian that the weak force obeys.
So the answer to your question is that nature has chosen to have this symmetry which than automatically leads to this interaction we call weak force and its 3 gauge bosons. Why does nature have this symmetry - we dont know.
The whole situation is actually quite similar to the case of momentum conservation. Why is momentum conserved? Well I doubt you know a fundamental reason that dictates that momentum has to be conserved. You have just accepted the fact because you are used to it. But just as above you can show that momentum conservation is an immediate consequence of the translation symmetry of space. This symmetry is much easier to understand. It means that all physical processes work the same if you move (translate) them around in space. In other words, no matter where you conduct your experiment, the outcome will be the same.
CHECK OUT pbs space time!!!
@@theguy8521 you said here "I omit the fact that the weak force is actually a so called spontaneously broken symmetry from the more fundamental unified electroweak theory", are you Dr. Don Lincoln by any chance? Sorry if its a silly question
Thank you sir, you explain very well
I love these videos, the're so informative and easy to digest. Thanks!
Thank you so much for all this efforts and excellent videos... I could watch these videos all day long...
I am devasted to see how little views your videos get. Your channel, as well as other amazing ones that focus these topics give me so much... i thank you, with all my heart for your efforts. Cant do much apart from that, but thank you!!!
"Antimatter electron", positron sounds so much better.
What about the muon and tau? Posituon and positau? I prefer anti-leptons: anti-electron, anti-muon and anti-tau.
@@houndofzoltan Asimov disapproves of you.
@@esvegateban Ha ha ha!
@@houndofzoltan I thought I heard somewhere that adding an S to the name was something people did.
These names are getting me insomnia.
Thanks Dr. Don. EVERY undergrad physics book I've read either brushes over or outright botches the explanation of what the Weak Force is.
Yours has been the best, more clearly-understood explanation I've ever heard, read, seen, or viewed. Thank you for posting these videos.
I just discovered this channel and I am IN LOVE with this presenter. I've always been interested in this stuff but this is the first time I've ever had anyone explain it in a way that I can comprehend.
I think that easily half of what you explained flew past me, but i got some of it and ty for that.
Yeah, quantum physics is like that. There is a saying in this field of study. "If it makes sense to you, your doing it wrong"
I've literally just heard of Fermilab from Super Mario Maker streamer (CarlSagan42) suggestions for science-based YT channels along the ways of RealLifeLore and WendoverProductions.
I'm glad I ended up here
That was awesome! Thanks, you rock!
Great video. Thank you! I finally understood the connection between the uncertainty principle and the weak force.
Does it mean we can estimate (or even calculate) the expected half life of an isotope once we determine the bonding energy released by that reaction? Are reactions with low energy less likely to create a W boson thus making the initial isotope more stable?
It is still not very clear from the videos exactly how the weak nuclear force is a *force*. Does it ever attract/repel any particles? If so, which ones? Basically, I'm confused how you can say that "the weak nuclear force is X times weaker than the strong nuclear force", if one of them is a decay mechanism and the other is an attraction between particles... Isn't that comparing apples to oranges? I'm sure I'm misunderstanding something fundamental here...
The video is titled why the weak force is weak, not how the weak force is a force
That's a question that has bugged me with every explanation of the weak force I've seen.
But that is a more interesting question, and a necessary precursor to the other. If this "force" does not repel or attract what does it even mean that it has a strength? You have one interaction that attracts and repels, and anoher that turns one particle into another. What does it mean that one is stronger than another? It is also a question that I have never seen answered.
If it doesn't have to be a "force", then why is it grouped with the other 3, which all attract and repel?
+Ryu Darragh
Strong force binds protons and neutrons together. But protons and electrons are not bound in the same way, because protons and electrons cease to exist when joined together.
Thank you Dr. Lincoln.
Your videos are like massages to the brain. Feels like so many questions that have never been answered since high school and no one would answer them and you seem to really know what you're talking about in-depth.
maybe just a confusion on my side, but why is the W Boson in the beta decay 200 keV, when it has to decay into an Electron with at least 512 keV + the Neutrino? There seems to be something missing...
I'm wondering why the charge of the quark is an exact submultiple of that on the electron.
well.. because it's not though
Fermilab video! Love it.
Thanks a lot for this type of video! I expect you to follow sharing the knowledge as you do, making the dificult to understand much more easy, but without loosing to many deep. Go ahead!
I've seen several videos, where the scientist has said "We have found thousands of new particles in the particle accelerators", while in the same video talking about the standard model's 12 particles. Are most of the thousands of particles just variations of the Z and W boson with different masses?
ScienceNinjaDude Thanks!
... and antiparticles, which almost double the amount. Also the standard model has 17 particles, not 12.
Still "thousands" sounds a bit unbelievable if by that they mean baryons and the like and not organic molecules (that would be outright cheating). I've also seen even Lincoln to use some imprecise exaggerations like "tons of pions", when he probably just meant "lots of pions... weighting some nanograms at best".
I wish we had CZcams back then. I never really understood what “weak forces” were all about.
Outstanding explanation that makes so many things easy to understand! Thank you!
A very interesting and audience friendly explanation. I am glad I found this channel
in the Feynman diagrams, shouldn't the anti-particle arrows be pointing in the other direction?
An anti-particle is the same as a normal particle with the arrow reversed. So the version in the video with all the arrows pointing forwards and labeling them as particles and antiparticles is fine. The other option would be to reverse the arrows for the anti-particles, but then they should just be labeled as regular particles instead of anti-particles. Drawing a backwards arrow and labeling it as an anti-particle is basically a double negative.
And this is sadly done in many QM textbooks. The point of the arrows and only regular particles is that you can rotate the diagram, and you don't have to relabel all the particles.
thenorup What if particles are anti-particles?
Reddles37 This is not proper English. It is a diagram displaying a scientific idea. There is probably no such thing as a double negative but if there is, who are you to say it is not acceptable?
thenorup How about rotating the diagram and not relabeling everything?
If you were my adviser I would have stayed in grad school... And switched my major from Engineering to Physics.
Im sure you would have changed your mind once you saw the job listings for physics phds
@@NotApplicable555 lol ,sadly it's true
@@NotApplicable555 And the student loan repayment schedule...
@@T1Oracle just study in a civilized country, duh
Nope, you just do not have the talent.
Excellently explained, learned something new. Thank you! :)
your explanation is amazing !!!
'Cuz if it was strong, they'd call it the strong force. Duh.
Genius
The anthropic principle, as applied to particle physics. Brilliant.
Gravity is waaaaay weaker than the weak force.....so, duh on that comment
@@markburch6253 And then you get relativity which states gravity isn’t even a force but a property of curved spacetime
@@mekalcovic1553 actually it states gravity is the effect of unequal distribution of mass/energy in the universe. Nice try though
I confirm the speaker seems smarter if he is pasted in front of the blackboard :)
Arek Krolak Yes, and in this case the blackboard is filled with fancy equations. Now if the board had “I will not chew gum in class”, written 100 times, some of the “smart” effect would be diminished.
My mind is definitely blown!TFS!✨👍🏾
Dr. Lincoln, you sir, are awesome!
We should rename a weak force is to Rare-in-some-cases force. Or just Rare force :)
Dragons are rare. I suggest we rename it "Dragonforce".
So, "weak" and "strong" refer to probability?
That's how i understood it...
You are amazing! do not ever stop.
Thank you for this video!
"Why is the Weak Force weak? "
Duh, so the strong force can be strong.
[05:31] "photon might have a mass" implies it's a bouncing-exchange for that instant (as is expectable, or, a partially formed unknown 'seamount' particle)... [05:36] "Z boson...mass... 91 [GeV]...might differ" implies it's a partially realized virtual pair with its own antiparticle a super-energetic soliton antipair, or, the Higgs mass impartation is quantum-time-delayed...
Thank you for all the explanations! I am just introducing myself into the subject and it is everything so confusing. There are so many questions to a layman like me to understand just a little bit. I really apreciate your videos and your iniciative to spread the knowledge. Thank you again!
Yet another excellent video.
An electron, a positron and a neutron walk into a night club. The electron and positron had to pay but for the neutron, there was no charge.
Either the positron or the electron gets a refund.
If the neutron stays too long a proton will walk out instead
He lost me at ''Welcome''.
Ahhhhhhh. This is amazingly well explained. And fantastic. Mind blown.
Great video! Thank you so much.
The weak force is weak because it's the weak force. Nobel prize please.
"Why is the Weak Force weak?"
Ben Shapiro: Because it's in the name "Weak Force".
Great video, one of the most interesting particle physics videos I’ve seen so far
great explanation! thanks a lot, Don
You lost me at "bleeping"
Thank you Dr. your videos are amazing, such a great insight with a great teacher :)
This is very clearly explained. Thanks.
Absolutely brilliant!
Really cool! Thank you for the great explanation! :)
Amazing explanation, exceedingly clear
THANK YOU PROFESSOR LINCOLN...!!!
I appreciate these in-depth but well explained videos. Perhaps more videos on the weird nature of the world of quarks, or neutrinos?
Another mindblowing video! Cool!
thanks for doing what you're doing
Good. This was the sort of confusing I was seeking out. Haha. Great insights. Ty
Well that was highly educational. Thank you.
That was awesome!
What a superb presentation. I wish other educators in this (& other complex) fields expressed the ideas with such clarity.
I read an analytical solution to the casimir force strength on particles, I think it was protons and neutrons, that attempted to demonstrate mathematically that the Strong Nuclear Force is at least partly the result of the zero point energy induced casimir force, until a certain distance where the force reverses. I think the other part of the energy required is in Neutron polarization which we've demonstrated in the lab. Some of the charge of a neutron is shielded but can be revealed in strong interactions.
I've been studying this sort of thing as best I can without professional guidance but I feel like I understand it so much better from this ONE video.
you are best explainer Dr. Lincoln Please make more video
Mind Blown. Very good explanations, thanks.
Very well presented in what is difficult to comprehend in one go would like to go through again again to consolidate understanding
Thanks for great video.
Don Lincoln, love your explanation of particle physics. Makes me want to go back to my lectures on physics.at university. Please keep them coming.
Great question, great answer!
I hope I didn't misunderstand anything but I think you just explained to me why different nucleus has different decay rate! Thank you Dr Don, your videos are actually so easy to understand.
Boom. That was my mind. I need to watch this again, and probably a few dozen times to understand even a fraction of it.