"But in their greed, the dwarfes dug deeper and deeper. Deeper than any before. And down there, they found something long forgotten. Something from another age of shadow and fire..."
@@tomcollins5112 It's more appropriate to say they woke a sleeping monster as the Balrog lived in the deep dark places and wasn't actually imprisoned.
@@someball. The Balrog was what the dwarves digging in moria woke up. It's the creature Gandolf fought at the bridge in moria. Smaug is the Dragon that drove the dwarves out of the lonely mountain then attacked the human settlement at lake town. 2 different creatures, 2 different stories, 2 different dwarven settlements.
@Sniperboy5551: The Japanese definitely had smart scientists, who understood the meaning of the latest research, and could try to repeat and even push the boundaries of nuclear physics at the time. However, they were limited by resources and communications of ideas, due to the war. Their government put nuclear research at a lower priority. After the war, some of their scientists went on to resume ground-breaking research in nuclear physics.
This video feels like a work of art! I haven't seen such a beautiful physics, history video in quite some time. The subtle choices like writing on the slightly browned paper notes, old books, physical maps, and old calculator really immerse you in the time. Congrats on an amazing video!
The physics is interesting, but the history of the process of making the discovery itself I find makes it much altogether more interesting and meaningful.
Standard chemical supply houses decided both pronunciations were correct literally decades ago. only fools fight about things already practically decided.
@@WelchLabsVideooh my gosh, I miss you so much. I was watching your videos in high school and you inspired me to major in Computer Science and I’m now a Tech startup owner. So happy to see you back!
The key takeaway from this video for me is a new and intuitive explanation for binding energy! A lot of times physics just sort of 'comes down to math' and it's hard to grasp what's really happening, but I feel a lot better about what binding energy is and where it comes from. Well done!
unfortunately maths without a physical interpretation is masturbation... leading to infinite densities and zero volume objects...too much SciFi in the science.
You have an incredible ability to explain a complex topic very very concisely! This 13 minute video felt shorter than many other 13 minute videos I watch on this platform. I applaud you for also not shying away from showing the mathematics behind binding energy - you supported the math by breaking it down into components visually which was just great. Thank you so much for these high quality videos :)
Yes echo that But the take out is the liquid drop model is "more real than imagined" (was that the quote?) and I think this is a learning point regarding how far physical analogies can be pushed... The development of "surface tension" is encouraged by the electron cloud (more pull toward the surface) and resisted by the proton-neutron ratio (more neutrons mean less push to the surface) ...so I was fascinated to see how these great scientists all refer to proton count, Z, (and ipso facto the electron count) in the formulae... ... There is surely some merit in a part two which takes the strong and weak nuclear forces (discovered I think after your timeline in this vide ends) and explaining how the nuclear oscillation water drop holds or does not hold under even more scrutiny? Thank you for a great video
How about supporting the thumbnail claim that implies that the thermonuclear weapons could "end all life on the planet" with mathematics? Or do I now need to make a video supported by math that demonstrates this idea to be utterly untrue, because otherwise researching topics like that in the scholarly and academic section is an impossible task for an average modern human? 🤔😏
1. You don't need to do anything you don't want to do, and everyone yourself included is entitled to one's (however uninformed) opinion. 2. Yes, you definitely had the need to ask me the question which you have already answered for me by asking it in the first place, and for which you didn't need my consent. It's hardly different than: " - Can I ask you a question? - You already have, haven't you?". So it's a bit funny to me that you'd choose to even mention formal logic. Are you certain you actually know what "non sequitur" is and whether it's even appropriate to mention in application to something lacking premises followed by a conclusion? Such as a joke? As for my part: I don't have to follow formal logic when making a joke, nor do I have to tie one to any of my premises directly. Nor is either a requirement, otherwise close to 50% of great humor would simply cease to exist altogether, which would be a very sad result, far more awful than me wasting over 5 minutes of my life on this video because of a deceitful thumbnail. @@frankathl1
So glad you are back! You have a unique ability to explain complicated concepts in a way that is both understandable and engaging. And you do that without dumbing it down or just hand waving at the crucial points.
I was introduced to your channel by 3Blue1Brown around 2 years ago. The imaginary numbers series was such an amazing and unique piece of art, it immediately got me subscribed! Only then did I realize that you had stopped making videos... Now that this showed up in my subscription feed, I couldn't believe my eyes. I wasn't disappointed by the quality and beauty of this video and am looking forward to the upcoming ones!
I want to thank you for absolutely taking me back to school, teaching me things I likely never would have learned. This was really cool, and great storytelling.
Fantastically well written, well produced, and well performed video. In an era of utter slush on the platform, it is really exciting to run into an excellent channel you haven't seen before. Definitely earned a sub with this one!
Indeed. Throw back appreciation to The Times editors for including the in-depth coverage of the discussions on "discoveries of the last quarter century of atomic transmutation" that took place between Rutherford, and others, at The British Association, 1933 - which Leo Szilard was so easily able to read in a daily newspaper. The full article can be read on The Times archive (£1 trial paywall) September 12, 1933 edition, search ref Rutherford. It's a fascinating read. Then insert your own comparison between the masses of pointless crap on CZcams and the dumbing down of the modern press
Nice going. I enjoyed this because you use words well and thoughtfully. I'm of boomer vintage and had to carefully consider as I listened so that I wouldn't get led away by "well, what if..."'s, but I muddled through good enough to not have any brain cells divide and then lose energy. Thanks, and "hello" from Maine. I'm just a tired old man who knows squat about the subject, but then I've never biked from Alaska to Argentina either. CZcams is any 'learning' or "lesson" I desire. I'm glad that I picked this one you presented to us.
I've enjoyed the theoretical side of physics for a decade, with it being one of my main interests. Even still, I've never ONCE heard nor seen such an intuitively encapsulated explanation of all these concepts, nor truly understood how the breakthroughs occurred. Combining the two with excellent visual representations, the historical ideas and individuals and their contributions, and so forth just... beautifully done. Absolutely beautifully done. You unpacked the math into how it works with the conceptual aspect that is so important to physics and yet so often ill-explained! This needs to be seen more! Keep up the great work!
This is wonderful Stephen! Absolutely loved it! I love when explanations go through the minds and the arguments of the time, instead of explaining what we know now. Seeing what these people saw at the time is a luxury nowadays. Thank you so much for this. It looks like it too so much time to produce.
This is the first of your video's I've stumbled across and I really appreciated the clarity, and pacing with which you were able to deliver a complex subject (even down to the colour coding of the formulae which was familiar to my background in programming !). Excellent.
This is the first of your episodes that I've watched. I am now subscribed! I have to echo the positive comments in this thread. Brilliant explanations reinforced by simple yet intuitive graphics. Love the historical references, they provide a context for how huge discoveries evolve. Looking forward to exploring this channel! Thank-you!
Fantastic video. Its completely incomprehensible how creative these scientists working with just numbers and observations must be to come up with theories without access to our advanced labs and understanding
As a physics student, we honestly use stuff like computers as enough of a crutch that our ability to just pop stuff off the top of our head is not so good as it used to be. And for modern discoveries, this use of computers is often mandatory, because of the insane complexity of the integrals in particle physics, or of many body quantum systems in condensed matter/material science, etc
Amazing. Hands down the best explanation of fission history and physics. Found the video randomly, immediately subscribed and looking forward to more of your content.
Welcome back mann. I have seen your complex number series two three times. It's my go to reference whenever I get confused about some topic and want a quick brush up. Added bonus is the fantastic visuals and narration.
Fantastic video! You have a way of simply explaining complex topics without dumbing them down too much. The presentation style is a breath of fresh air. Really enjoyed the progression of the science with the historical context. Instant sub.
I studied physics - mostly quantum. But I never heard such a detailed and clear explanation of how atomic energy was discovered - from a theory perspective. Such a fascinating video. Thank you.
What an amazing presentation! The stop motion animations of the nucleus were awesome. I would love to see a similar presentation the development of qcd. I think your combination of presenting the history as well as technical matter would lend well to the story.
I am not a science student, but mostly understood, sort of, what you described. But more than that I appreciate the amount of work you put into creating this video. Good work!! Thanks and cheers!
This was without a doubt the BEST summary and explanation of not only the history of the discovery, but the nature of the phenomenon itself. And I'm 40 years old and have watched ALL the documentaries available.
A phenomenal and concise summary of the physics of the atom and weapon design. I happen to be re-reading Richard Rhodes' classic book The Making of the Atomic Bomb which goes through all of this background in great detail and this video condenses the first 80+ pages into 13 minutes. Well done. Subscribed.
You've nailed these videos. This became my favorite yt channel now! I love physics and just began reading L.D. Landau's "Course of Theoretical Physics"(I'm currently at volume1). I've heard great things about Russian engineers, physicists and mathematicians.
The Rockwell calculator shown in the last part of your video is a real classic. It was my first calculator way back in the mid 1970's. It had a large easy to read cold cathode vacuum fluorescent display (much better than the tiny dim red LEDs on most). It also had a square root function and a memory register, features only found on much more expensive Texas Instruments or HP calculators at the time.
4:54 I love how he "systematically bombarded every element with neutrons", knowing that when he succeeded the result would be a catastrophic explosion.
Admittedly, I resisted clicking on the video but I'm so glad I did and now I've subscribed! This is one of the most understandable and approachable videos I've ever seen on the discoveries that led to fission and on how it works
Oh man it ended too soon. I would love to watch you go over the Manhatten project, atomic research and advancements in WW2, current discoveries.... In short I just loved this and I want more! I went to subscribe and discovered I already am. I wonder if the algorithm dropped you from my feed?
An excellent video. Thank you. You seem to have forgotten 'Tube Alloys'. In March 1940 at the University of Birmingham, England while working under Marcus Oliphant an Australian Physicist, Rudolf Peierls and Otto Robert Frisch co-wrote a memorandum explaining that a small mass of pure uranium-235 could be used to produce a chain reaction in a bomb with the power of thousands of tons of TNT. It was this memorandum that started British research into the Nuclear Bomb under the code name 'Tube Alloys'. The contents of the 'memorandum' were made known to the USA during the course of WW2 along with details of other technologies such as the cavity magnetron and the proximity fuse just to name a couple.
A month or so ago I was stuck reading an English Wikipedia article about Lise Meitner. It was fascinating (and sad too, because prejudices and all the politics making lives of people hard). Read it too, fellow commenters, it’s a tiny but surprisingly pretty layered window into history.
...Otto Hahn was a p.o.s to Lise. He betrayed her to the natC's and took credit for HER work. He doesn't deserve the credit given to him in this video.
@@besticudcumupwith202 I don’t think this is the place to discuss that; but the issue doesn’t seem to be that simple as you state it, if we’re to believe in what’s in the article though; also it’s stated there that despite all the history Lise was friendly to him in the end. If I remember it right.
@@05degrees ...Wikipedia has never been a good source for anything. From what I've read she had a thing for him, and didn't want to acknowledge and deal with his betrayals.
I love the way this concept was explored. I remember in school being told "the facts" about the events that lead to the discovery of fission, but it was today that I learned that the scientists were far more creative. _That_ is what I wish was exposed more in general education. I've never thought of the nucleus of an atom like a wobbly raindrop before.
Nice! I recently checked that the semi-empirical formula is good enough to predict the stable isotopes of light alkali metals. Glad to see the formula here as well.
Becquerel did an accidental control experiment that he probably should have designed from the outset. Excellent video: it puts across the basics of the physics of nuclear stability and fission from a fascinating historical perspective.
I LOVE how you explain some of THE MOST Important and Profound events in recent history!!! This content took me back and caused me to be AWE inspired... like I was right there as it was undolding!!! SUPER AWESOME!!! THANK YOU!!! 🙏🙏🙏
I'm so happy you're back and into such a fun topic. So excited to see more. Why does uranium always tend to split into krypton and barium as opposed to two more equally massed nuclei? I'm guessing it has something to do with the oscillations of the nucleus (harmonics?) and the energy of the bombarding neutron, but I'm curious why krypton and barium are the two predominant. I noticed that the ratio of the atomic numbers of krypton/barium are around 1.5, so my guess is that maybe the nucleus oscillates between two states where each end is around 1.5x bigger than the other. Great video!
It's interesting to think about, perhaps for nucleuses that need less of a nudge from a neutron, they split into two roughly equally sized daughter products, but for more stable nucleuses, the extra energy has to be higher to cause more extreme oscillations, and the nucleus breaks at the extreme of that oscillation. I bet Plutonium fissions into, on average, more equally sized elements as it's less stable?
Very cool to have this video available for us to watch less than a month before the Christopher Nolan directed (2023) film Oppenheimer is to be released! I think this will help myself (and others) appreciate said movie (though it was already a very interesting topic). I also learned a lot more than I remember learning about the topic back in high school and my undergrad years (though I only ever took an intro physics, an intro chemistry, and an organic chemistry course).
The Oppenhimer movie was a huge dissapointment... Half the 3 hour long film was about his court hearing about his communist connections. Rest was a confusing mess jumping around in time with no warning so you never did know what time it was, what was happening, and why it was happening...
If anybody is interested in even more details, I can only recommend the book "Making of the atomic b..." by Richard Rhodes. Be warned though, it is quite a long read...
The details about the forces in the nucleus is beautiful. I've never seen it explained to that level of detail before with the water drop model and coulomb forces. Normally it's just "neutron hits uranium nucleus, there's a chance the nucleus split into a nucleus of Krypton and Baruim". Your level of detail with oscillations and surface area made the model of why it does, much more interesting.
Really well presented topic with great graphics to support it. Unfortunately it ended too soon !. I think your pacing and content depth is what made this so enjoyable to watch. Helps that the topic is fascinating in itself but the delivery can make or break a story. We’ll done! Paul
0:03 - the stone is called "Pitchblende" It's remarkable, that at the very beginning of the video the the name of the stone is pronounced, but not displayed on the screen, while the mine name is displayed. I suppose it's because the audience would pause, google the name, read Wikipedia, and then close the video.
this was a truely great video! was actually looking on ur channel to find more of this kind and saw u just coming back to yt xD. So welcome back and pls continue with this great work!
Well told story with an extremely clear explanation of the nuclear physics involved. Serendipity favored Becquerel. A good illustration of why you always need a control in any experiment, and why you also need a control with any model. Good luck with the control in the model.
One small correction at 3:10. We typically do not call helium-3 nuclei alpha particles. The world "alpha" reserved for the composite particle made up of 2 protons and 2 neutrons
Wow... This is probably the best math history video I've ever seen. I can tell a lot of work went into this. Great balance of high information throughput by infographic and pacing. It stays interesting while also deep diving into math. My mind is blown, you've done the impossible.
I am reading "The Making of the Atomic Bomb" by Richard Rhodes, and this video helps clear up some of the material. Wonderful use of simple animations to illustrate fusion.
OUTSTANDING historic narrative! I never before subscribed after viewing only one video of a chanel - but there's always a first! I want to have more of this. This is one of the best science videos I ever watched.
I really liked this! I studied this era as part of my university studies a long time ago, and I am a retired engineering professor, now! Your animations were awesome and so nicely explained! Just one tiny niggle. For completeness, the United Kingdom also had a research program on Nuclear Fission for weapons, unsurprising given Szilard and others! This was merged with the US program after world war two had started, but I think you were leading us up to just before world war 2? Keep up the great work, it's nice to see science videos that don't duck the complexities.
I entered the Naval Nuclear power program back in the 90's and learned about reactor Theory and the function of Nuclear fission. Of course we also had to learn about the history of Marie Currie and all the others listed in this video, but how you laid out the timeline of everything was exceptionally well done. Thank you Machinist Mate 2nd class Naval Nuclear Power School, Orlando Fl. Nuclear Prototype A1W, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory USS Long Beach CGN-9
"But in their greed, the dwarfes dug deeper and deeper. Deeper than any before. And down there, they found something long forgotten. Something from another age of shadow and fire..."
From what is this?
Also why did I think "deep rock galactic"?
@@MidvightMirageThis is from the Lord of the Rings series. In it, the dwarfs unleashed a monster.
@@tomcollins5112 It's more appropriate to say they woke a sleeping monster as the Balrog lived in the deep dark places and wasn't actually imprisoned.
@@JoeShmoismI thought the dragon Smaugh made them flee, what did the Balrog do? Were these two separate dwarf states?
@@someball. The Balrog was what the dwarves digging in moria woke up. It's the creature Gandolf fought at the bridge in moria.
Smaug is the Dragon that drove the dwarves out of the lonely mountain then attacked the human settlement at lake town.
2 different creatures, 2 different stories, 2 different dwarven settlements.
I knew of all these events but I hadn't actually ever heard exactly how the breakthrough was conceptualized. This was a really cool explanation.
Thank you!
I didn't know the Japanese were working towards nukes too. I knew the Germans were, but not the Japanese.
@user-lp3cf5yn5b Probably because the Japanese didn’t get anywhere near as close as the US and Germans did
@@Sniperboy5551Which is probably just as well. Because it would have greatly increased the risk of nuclear weapons being used by all sides.
@Sniperboy5551: The Japanese definitely had smart scientists, who understood the meaning of the latest research, and could try to repeat and even push the boundaries of nuclear physics at the time. However, they were limited by resources and communications of ideas, due to the war. Their government put nuclear research at a lower priority. After the war, some of their scientists went on to resume ground-breaking research in nuclear physics.
The stop-motion in this video is BRILLIANT!!! Not only looks great, but as a visual teaching aid, conveys the ideas perfectly!! Well done!!!
THank you!
Yeeee
Thats a good comment
This video feels like a work of art! I haven't seen such a beautiful physics, history video in quite some time. The subtle choices like writing on the slightly browned paper notes, old books, physical maps, and old calculator really immerse you in the time. Congrats on an amazing video!
Thank so much!!
Agreed!
+1
it is a good video
The physics is interesting, but the history of the process of making the discovery itself I find makes it much altogether more interesting and meaningful.
That "alunimum" at 5:10 gave me a giggle. That's one way to solve the debate "aluminum vs aluminium"
There is a debate? That would be horrific news for mankind.
Right? I never knew it was ALL OF US saying it wrong.
Yes, Americans say *ah-loo-mihn-uhm*, everyone else it seems says *al-ooh-min-yum*
Alulimumum
Standard chemical supply houses decided both pronunciations were correct literally decades ago. only fools fight about things already practically decided.
Mannnn I missed you! Your series on complex numbers is what sparked my interest in math. Super stoked for this one.
Awesome - hope you like it.
@@WelchLabsVideooh my gosh, I miss you so much. I was watching your videos in high school and you inspired me to major in Computer Science and I’m now a Tech startup owner. So happy to see you back!
Yessss!!! It was excellentt!!
The key takeaway from this video for me is a new and intuitive explanation for binding energy! A lot of times physics just sort of 'comes down to math' and it's hard to grasp what's really happening, but I feel a lot better about what binding energy is and where it comes from.
Well done!
Woohoo!
unfortunately maths without a physical interpretation is masturbation... leading to infinite densities and zero volume objects...too much SciFi in the science.
Physics does not come down to math. Math is simply the most elegant language to describe physics.
You have an incredible ability to explain a complex topic very very concisely! This 13 minute video felt shorter than many other 13 minute videos I watch on this platform. I applaud you for also not shying away from showing the mathematics behind binding energy - you supported the math by breaking it down into components visually which was just great. Thank you so much for these high quality videos :)
Thank you for the kind words and for watching!
Yes echo that
But the take out is the liquid drop model is "more real than imagined" (was that the quote?) and I think this is a learning point regarding how far physical analogies can be pushed...
The development of "surface tension" is encouraged by the electron cloud (more pull toward the surface) and resisted by the proton-neutron ratio (more neutrons mean less push to the surface)
...so I was fascinated to see how these great scientists all refer to proton count, Z, (and ipso facto the electron count) in the formulae...
... There is surely some merit in a part two which takes the strong and weak nuclear forces (discovered I think after your timeline in this vide ends) and explaining how the nuclear oscillation water drop holds or does not hold under even more scrutiny?
Thank you for a great video
How about supporting the thumbnail claim that implies that the thermonuclear weapons could "end all life on the planet" with mathematics? Or do I now need to make a video supported by math that demonstrates this idea to be utterly untrue, because otherwise researching topics like that in the scholarly and academic section is an impossible task for an average modern human? 🤔😏
@@NEKRWSPHEREDo I need to point out that everything after the ‘because’ is a non sequitur?
1. You don't need to do anything you don't want to do, and everyone yourself included is entitled to one's (however uninformed) opinion.
2. Yes, you definitely had the need to ask me the question which you have already answered for me by asking it in the first place, and for which you didn't need my consent. It's hardly different than: " - Can I ask you a question? - You already have, haven't you?". So it's a bit funny to me that you'd choose to even mention formal logic. Are you certain you actually know what "non sequitur" is and whether it's even appropriate to mention in application to something lacking premises followed by a conclusion? Such as a joke?
As for my part: I don't have to follow formal logic when making a joke, nor do I have to tie one to any of my premises directly. Nor is either a requirement, otherwise close to 50% of great humor would simply cease to exist altogether, which would be a very sad result, far more awful than me wasting over 5 minutes of my life on this video because of a deceitful thumbnail. @@frankathl1
So glad you are back! You have a unique ability to explain complicated concepts in a way that is both understandable and engaging. And you do that without dumbing it down or just hand waving at the crucial points.
...which once again brings us back to Einstein:
"If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough."
Thank you!
I was introduced to your channel by 3Blue1Brown around 2 years ago. The imaginary numbers series was such an amazing and unique piece of art, it immediately got me subscribed! Only then did I realize that you had stopped making videos... Now that this showed up in my subscription feed, I couldn't believe my eyes. I wasn't disappointed by the quality and beauty of this video and am looking forward to the upcoming ones!
Awesome thanks for watching!
I want to thank you for absolutely taking me back to school, teaching me things I likely never would have learned. This was really cool, and great storytelling.
Thank you!
Fantastically well written, well produced, and well performed video. In an era of utter slush on the platform, it is really exciting to run into an excellent channel you haven't seen before. Definitely earned a sub with this one!
I agree 100% ! This history and the science behind it is so well explained in this video that it should be shown in physics classes.
Woohoo!
Indeed. Throw back appreciation to The Times editors for including the in-depth coverage of the discussions on "discoveries of the last quarter century of atomic transmutation" that took place between Rutherford, and others, at The British Association, 1933 - which Leo Szilard was so easily able to read in a daily newspaper.
The full article can be read on The Times archive (£1 trial paywall) September 12, 1933 edition, search ref Rutherford. It's a fascinating read.
Then insert your own comparison between the masses of pointless crap on CZcams and the dumbing down of the modern press
Your storytelling of complicated topics from the history of science is really remarkable!
Thank you!
Nice going. I enjoyed this because you use words well and thoughtfully. I'm of boomer vintage and had to carefully consider as I listened so that I wouldn't get led away by "well, what if..."'s, but I muddled through good enough to not have any brain cells divide and then lose energy. Thanks, and "hello" from Maine. I'm just a tired old man who knows squat about the subject, but then I've never biked from Alaska to Argentina either. CZcams is any 'learning' or "lesson" I desire. I'm glad that I picked this one you presented to us.
I've enjoyed the theoretical side of physics for a decade, with it being one of my main interests. Even still, I've never ONCE heard nor seen such an intuitively encapsulated explanation of all these concepts, nor truly understood how the breakthroughs occurred. Combining the two with excellent visual representations, the historical ideas and individuals and their contributions, and so forth just... beautifully done. Absolutely beautifully done. You unpacked the math into how it works with the conceptual aspect that is so important to physics and yet so often ill-explained! This needs to be seen more! Keep up the great work!
Thank you!!
Ah Yes! "Curies in Paris". The infamous 20th Century song.
This is wonderful Stephen! Absolutely loved it! I love when explanations go through the minds and the arguments of the time, instead of explaining what we know now. Seeing what these people saw at the time is a luxury nowadays. Thank you so much for this. It looks like it too so much time to produce.
Awesome thank you for watching!
This is the first of your video's I've stumbled across and I really appreciated the clarity, and pacing with which you were able to deliver a complex subject (even down to the colour coding of the formulae which was familiar to my background in programming !). Excellent.
Awesome!
This is the first of your episodes that I've watched. I am now subscribed! I have to echo the positive comments in this thread. Brilliant explanations reinforced by simple yet intuitive graphics. Love the historical references, they provide a context for how huge discoveries evolve. Looking forward to exploring this channel! Thank-you!
Thank you for the kind words and subsrcibing!
Fantastic video. Its completely incomprehensible how creative these scientists working with just numbers and observations must be to come up with theories without access to our advanced labs and understanding
I know right!
As a physics student, we honestly use stuff like computers as enough of a crutch that our ability to just pop stuff off the top of our head is not so good as it used to be. And for modern discoveries, this use of computers is often mandatory, because of the insane complexity of the integrals in particle physics, or of many body quantum systems in condensed matter/material science, etc
Amazing. Hands down the best explanation of fission history and physics. Found the video randomly, immediately subscribed and looking forward to more of your content.
Thank you!
It's amazing how much insight we can get even from defunct models
Welcome back mann. I have seen your complex number series two three times. It's my go to reference whenever I get confused about some topic and want a quick brush up. Added bonus is the fantastic visuals and narration.
Awesome thank you
I'm really excited to see back. Loved your complex numbers series and can wait to watch what next you'll publish
Thank you!
A preview of 'Oppenheimer' on my favorite CZcams channel...
Someone get the popcorn!!!
Woohoo!
He's back!!! Let's goooooo!!!
Let's gooooo!
Let’s gooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooy4yyeuy37y3gsvhcvhsgzjfhdvgchebjcbci dhf3y*dndkehieg2i
Fantastic video! You have a way of simply explaining complex topics without dumbing them down too much. The presentation style is a breath of fresh air. Really enjoyed the progression of the science with the historical context.
Instant sub.
I studied physics - mostly quantum. But I never heard such a detailed and clear explanation of how atomic energy was discovered - from a theory perspective. Such a fascinating video. Thank you.
What an amazing presentation! The stop motion animations of the nucleus were awesome. I would love to see a similar presentation the development of qcd. I think your combination of presenting the history as well as technical matter would lend well to the story.
Will add to my list of potential topics!
I am not a science student, but mostly understood, sort of, what you described. But more than that I appreciate the amount of work you put into creating this video. Good work!! Thanks and cheers!
THank you!
This was without a doubt the BEST summary and explanation of not only the history of the discovery, but the nature of the phenomenon itself. And I'm 40 years old and have watched ALL the documentaries available.
I don't think people who watch these videos understand how much effort goes into making them. They have no clue. Kudos man.
seems like that one took him 4 years to make 😉
that was the most concise and easy to understand explanation of nuclear fission i've ever encountered, well done.
Thank you!
5:10 Alunimum! And again at 5:13
A phenomenal and concise summary of the physics of the atom and weapon design. I happen to be re-reading Richard Rhodes' classic book The Making of the Atomic Bomb which goes through all of this background in great detail and this video condenses the first 80+ pages into 13 minutes. Well done. Subscribed.
You've nailed these videos. This became my favorite yt channel now! I love physics and just began reading L.D. Landau's "Course of Theoretical Physics"(I'm currently at volume1). I've heard great things about Russian engineers, physicists and mathematicians.
5:08 - Have to admit I've never heard it pronounced alunimum before
Sounds like he morphed the British pronunciation Aluminium with the American Aluminum.
Absolutely love how the new series is turning out! Just in time for Oppenheimer on cinema, actually
I know right!
The Rockwell calculator shown in the last part of your video is a real classic. It was my first calculator way back in the mid 1970's. It had a large easy to read cold cathode vacuum fluorescent display (much better than the tiny dim red LEDs on most). It also had a square root function and a memory register, features only found on much more expensive Texas Instruments or HP calculators at the time.
I love the way you make the content into a story. You did a great job weaving together the physics and the people.
THank you!
4:54 I love how he "systematically bombarded every element with neutrons", knowing that when he succeeded the result would be a catastrophic explosion.
I already know the vague beats of this story and information, but I still enjoyed this. Honestly, an amazingly well-made video, love the visual style!
Thank you!
Admittedly, I resisted clicking on the video but I'm so glad I did and now I've subscribed! This is one of the most understandable and approachable videos I've ever seen on the discoveries that led to fission and on how it works
Welch is back baybeee! Great video. I had never looked into the history of fission before, fascinating.
Oh man it ended too soon. I would love to watch you go over the Manhatten project, atomic research and advancements in WW2, current discoveries....
In short I just loved this and I want more! I went to subscribe and discovered I already am. I wonder if the algorithm dropped you from my feed?
More on the way 😁
Quality better than ever! i love the yellowed paper, are they the original articles?
An excellent video. Thank you. You seem to have forgotten 'Tube Alloys'. In March 1940 at the University of Birmingham, England while working under Marcus Oliphant an Australian Physicist, Rudolf Peierls and Otto Robert Frisch co-wrote a memorandum explaining that a small mass of pure uranium-235 could be used to produce a chain reaction in a bomb with the power of thousands of tons of TNT. It was this memorandum that started British research into the Nuclear Bomb under the code name 'Tube Alloys'. The contents of the 'memorandum' were made known to the USA during the course of WW2 along with details of other technologies such as the cavity magnetron and the proximity fuse just to name a couple.
This was really good. The visuals really help. Every statement was relevant to the topic being taught. Thanks.
What a phenomenal presentation with stop-motion animation. Really well done!
Thank you!
A month or so ago I was stuck reading an English Wikipedia article about Lise Meitner. It was fascinating (and sad too, because prejudices and all the politics making lives of people hard). Read it too, fellow commenters, it’s a tiny but surprisingly pretty layered window into history.
I was doing the exact same thing yesterday, what a coincidence!
Theres an english wikipedia article?
Like UK mfs??
...Otto Hahn was a p.o.s to Lise. He betrayed her to the natC's and took credit for HER work.
He doesn't deserve the credit given to him in this video.
@@besticudcumupwith202 I don’t think this is the place to discuss that; but the issue doesn’t seem to be that simple as you state it, if we’re to believe in what’s in the article though; also it’s stated there that despite all the history Lise was friendly to him in the end. If I remember it right.
@@05degrees ...Wikipedia has never been a good source for anything. From what I've read she had a thing for him, and didn't want to acknowledge and deal with his betrayals.
After so long. Happy to see you back. Please keep the posting.
I love the way this concept was explored. I remember in school being told "the facts" about the events that lead to the discovery of fission, but it was today that I learned that the scientists were far more creative. _That_ is what I wish was exposed more in general education. I've never thought of the nucleus of an atom like a wobbly raindrop before.
Lise Meitner deserved the Nobel prize.
Nice! I recently checked that the semi-empirical formula is good enough to predict the stable isotopes of light alkali metals. Glad to see the formula here as well.
Nice!
Great explanations at just the right level for me, and you paced it perfectly. Thanks.
Amazing video! Captivating, fascinating and truly useful. Thank you so much to be back!!!
Becquerel did an accidental control experiment that he probably should have designed from the outset.
Excellent video: it puts across the basics of the physics of nuclear stability and fission from a fascinating historical perspective.
Thank you!
5:09 Alunimum huh?
What a fantastic explanation! Really concise, clear and to the point. Thank you!
I LOVE how you explain some of THE MOST Important and Profound events in recent history!!!
This content took me back and caused me to be AWE inspired... like I was right there as it was undolding!!!
SUPER AWESOME!!!
THANK YOU!!!
🙏🙏🙏
Wow, thank you!
I'm so happy you're back and into such a fun topic. So excited to see more.
Why does uranium always tend to split into krypton and barium as opposed to two more equally massed nuclei? I'm guessing it has something to do with the oscillations of the nucleus (harmonics?) and the energy of the bombarding neutron, but I'm curious why krypton and barium are the two predominant. I noticed that the ratio of the atomic numbers of krypton/barium are around 1.5, so my guess is that maybe the nucleus oscillates between two states where each end is around 1.5x bigger than the other. Great video!
It's interesting to think about, perhaps for nucleuses that need less of a nudge from a neutron, they split into two roughly equally sized daughter products, but for more stable nucleuses, the extra energy has to be higher to cause more extreme oscillations, and the nucleus breaks at the extreme of that oscillation. I bet Plutonium fissions into, on average, more equally sized elements as it's less stable?
Good thinking
If i remember correctly it's not always Ba and Kr.
Very cool to have this video available for us to watch less than a month before the Christopher Nolan directed (2023) film Oppenheimer is to be released! I think this will help myself (and others) appreciate said movie (though it was already a very interesting topic). I also learned a lot more than I remember learning about the topic back in high school and my undergrad years (though I only ever took an intro physics, an intro chemistry, and an organic chemistry course).
Yeah! I'm really excited for oppenheimer!
The Oppenhimer movie was a huge dissapointment... Half the 3 hour long film was about his court hearing about his communist connections. Rest was a confusing mess jumping around in time with no warning so you never did know what time it was, what was happening, and why it was happening...
This was an exceptionally well presented subject, giving historical context as well as all of the necessary technical details, Thank you
Thank you!
The visuals in this presentation are brilliant. A lot of high-quality work has made this breathtakingly easy to follow.
If anybody is interested in even more details, I can only recommend the book "Making of the atomic b..." by Richard Rhodes. Be warned though, it is quite a long read...
Rhodes is the GOAT
The legend is back!
The details about the forces in the nucleus is beautiful. I've never seen it explained to that level of detail before with the water drop model and coulomb forces. Normally it's just "neutron hits uranium nucleus, there's a chance the nucleus split into a nucleus of Krypton and Baruim". Your level of detail with oscillations and surface area made the model of why it does, much more interesting.
Thank you!
I haven't seen one of your videos before. I REALLY like the style of this video! Thanks for making it!
5:08 - Okay, "aluminium" is fine, "aluminum" is borderline acceptable, but... "alunamum" is starting to get silly.
i was hoping somebody else noticed that! i was appalled
Really well presented topic with great graphics to support it. Unfortunately it ended too soon !. I think your pacing and content depth is what made this so enjoyable to watch. Helps that the topic is fascinating in itself but the delivery can make or break a story. We’ll done! Paul
0:03 - the stone is called "Pitchblende"
It's remarkable, that at the very beginning of the video the the name of the stone is pronounced, but not displayed on the screen, while the mine name is displayed. I suppose it's because the audience would pause, google the name, read Wikipedia, and then close the video.
I was familiar with this history; but watching this video, and the wonderful analog graphics, really brought it home. Thank you very much. Subscribed.
I like how you go to the original print papers, where did you get all these?
Combination of buying old books and printing on old looking paper.
Can’t quite pronounce Aluminum there? ;)
Great video - a fantastically interesting topic and produced exceptionally well.
Welcome back :)
You have an exceptionally clear and well derived narration style. Subscribed 👍
Welcome aboard!
STOP USING SATIE I FEEL LIKE I'M GOING INSANE
More!!
Okay, more please‽
Working on it!
This was done with excellence. Great flow, great pacing, great novel (to me at least) content and highly accessible presentation. Bravo.
Science, personalities and historical context conveyed with speed and clarity in a cinematic style. This is great stuff.
Wow, great job! This is in my line of work and this is the best overview I've ever seen!
Your presentation is incredibly well done. Thank you for the content.
this was a truely great video! was actually looking on ur channel to find more of this kind and saw u just coming back to yt xD. So welcome back and pls continue with this great work!
Fantastic video. Insane pacing, kept me on the edge of my seat the whole time.
So great to see you back, can’t wait for more.
Thank you!
Well told story with an extremely clear explanation of the nuclear physics involved.
Serendipity favored Becquerel.
A good illustration of why you always need a control in any experiment, and why you also need a control with any model. Good luck with the control in the model.
One small correction at 3:10. We typically do not call helium-3 nuclei alpha particles. The world "alpha" reserved for the composite particle made up of 2 protons and 2 neutrons
Well done.
Best explanation of fission and it's history I've ever heard.
Wow... This is probably the best math history video I've ever seen. I can tell a lot of work went into this. Great balance of high information throughput by infographic and pacing. It stays interesting while also deep diving into math. My mind is blown, you've done the impossible.
thank you for making such a comprehensive, yet easily understood video!
Thanks for watching!
Great video…very crisp, nice level of explanation. Seeing how close the German and US research started on nuke research was interesting, and scary.
I am reading "The Making of the Atomic Bomb" by Richard Rhodes, and this video helps clear up some of the material. Wonderful use of simple animations to illustrate fusion.
OUTSTANDING historic narrative! I never before subscribed after viewing only one video of a chanel - but there's always a first! I want to have more of this. This is one of the best science videos I ever watched.
Lots of juicy details about the famous glass. Thanks.
I really liked this! I studied this era as part of my university studies a long time ago, and I am a retired engineering professor, now!
Your animations were awesome and so nicely explained!
Just one tiny niggle. For completeness, the United Kingdom also had a research program on Nuclear Fission for weapons, unsurprising given Szilard and others! This was merged with the US program after world war two had started, but I think you were leading us up to just before world war 2?
Keep up the great work, it's nice to see science videos that don't duck the complexities.
Great video. Feel like there should be a part 2.
Another excellent video . Good job in presenting such a complex topic in an interesting and entertaining manner .
this is phenomenal!! its so awesome to see the entire story play out!!!
A beautifully compelling blend of art and science. First class work. Thank you for sharing.
I entered the Naval Nuclear power program back in the 90's and learned about reactor Theory and the function of Nuclear fission. Of course we also had to learn about the history of Marie Currie and all the others listed in this video, but how you laid out the timeline of everything was exceptionally well done. Thank you
Machinist Mate 2nd class
Naval Nuclear Power School, Orlando Fl.
Nuclear Prototype A1W, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory
USS Long Beach CGN-9