Demystifying Tractor PTO Speeds: 540 Versus 540/1000 RPM Explained!
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- čas přidán 12. 06. 2024
- Are you in the market for a 70+ horsepower tractor and feeling overwhelmed by the salesman's pitch about the optional 540/1000 RPM Power Take Off (PTO)? Look no further! In this comprehensive guide, we'll dive deep into the differences between tractors equipped with a standard 540 RPM PTO versus those featuring the optional 540/1000 RPM PTO, helping you make an informed decision tailored to your needs.
A Brief History of PTO:
The 540 RPM PTO shaft design, a groundbreaking innovation unveiled in 1918, facilitated power transfer between tractors and implements, revolutionizing agricultural practices. Originally, these shafts were 1 1/8" in diameter. However, shortly after the introduction of PTO tractors, the industry adopted a standard 1 3/8" 6 spline shaft running at 540 RPM. This standardization paved the way for widespread adoption and compatibility across various tractor models.
The Need for 540/1000 RPM PTO:
As tractors evolved and their horsepower capabilities increased, a significant limitation emerged with the traditional 540 RPM PTO design. Implements requiring higher power demanded more torque than the 6 spline shaft could efficiently handle, particularly above 90 horsepower. In response to this challenge, in 1958, a new design was approved, elevating the PTO speed to 1000 RPM and increasing the spline count to 21. This innovation not only addressed the torque limitations but also enhanced the overall reliability and efficiency of the PTO system.
Transitioning from 540 to 1000 RPM PTO:
The transition from a 540 to a 1000 RPM PTO varies depending on the tractor's design. Early models, like those from International Harvester, featured dual shafts, with the 1000 RPM shaft stacked above the 540. While farmers appreciated this design, it was discontinued due to production costs and safety concerns. Other designs, such as those found on older John Deere tractors, utilized a removable shaft stored in a compartment on the tractor's back, requiring a straightforward swap and reinstallation of snap rings. Some tractors had bolt-on 540 and 1000 stub shafts and a method of shifting speeds. Failure to shift between 1000 and 540 RPM can result in hazardous situations, particularly when using implements designed for lower speeds at higher RPMs. However, most modern tractors often employ a reversible shaft with 540 splines on one end and 1000 on the other, simplifying the transition process.
Enhanced Versatility and Resale Value:
While the optional 540/1000 RPM PTO may seem like an unnecessary expense upfront, its inclusion significantly expands the tractor's versatility. With the ability to accommodate a broader range of attachments, you're future-proofing your investment and potentially increasing its resale value down the line.
In conclusion, when considering a tractor purchase, weigh the benefits of both 540 RPM and 540/1000 RPM PTO options against your specific requirements and budget. By understanding the nuances of each system and considering factors such as efficiency, versatility, and long-term value, you can confidently select the right tractor for your needs. Don't miss out on optimizing your farming operations - watch our detailed comparison now!
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Wow! I had no idea! I didn't know I could flip the tractor PTO shaft nor did I know about the draw bar lengths. Fortunately my 15' shredder has the 540 PTO. Thanks!!
Glad to see you shared this for the utility tractor users i tell them to not get it the 1000 rpm unless they have a lot of mowing to do . My 300 horse case tractors use 3 different shafts very easy to switch out and the machine automatically changes for the speed . Most grain carts, Big Square Baler use larger 1000 shaft and most Batwing mowers are the smaller 1000 shaft usually unless you spec it differently.
Good job explaining. Thank you Mike
When I was about around 13 years old my Dad bought a new 1966 John Deere 2510 tractor. It of course had a 540 rpm and had the 1000 rpm shaft you talk about. We never had a use for that extra shaft, however, it did have a mid PTO that was a 1000 RPM. We did use that mid PTO to run a side mount sickle mower that was made specifically for 2510. If you’ve ever used a sickle mower to cut hay that side mount was very easy to use compared to the three point hitch style mowers of that era.
Good video. I have a Deere that has both 540/1000 as well a 540 economy option. It's nice being able to run a smaller mower or fertilizer spreader on economy mode and then in a few minutes switch and be able to run a baler or other large implement.
in eurpope we have the6 spline shaft for 1000 rpm doesn't matter how much horsepower, we can run 540 rpm machines with the 1000rpm and save a ton of fuel
My PTO moves at the speed of light...
I was watching behind me at the PTO and traveled across time 🙂
Rock on brother Mike!
is that the 88 Rpm version ?
made by the Doc Brown Implement Corporation Inc.??
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@@garymallard4699 100%
The allis chalmers way of swapping from 540 to 1000 in my opinion was one of the best back in the day The internationals was ok but the 540 shaft was so low on the back you had to be careful with mounted brush cutters that the shaft wouldn’t hit the deck when you raised it.
Good video for those who didn’t know.
Definitely good that you mentioned the safety of running 1000 with 540 equipment.
But….. you left out ground drive.
As an European tractor operator, more specifically Scandinavian. Ive barely hit 30y and as long as ive been interested in the farm and such we have always had the same type of pto shaft. This was probably changed / adapted before i took notice but ever since our old old Fords from the 70s and early 80s the shaft has been the same, the "540" shaft. And its been used on all the equipment as we just change PTO gear. And if im not mistaken it was 540 and 1000 gear to begin with and eventually we got 750rpm but that got basically renamed to 540e as you got 540 rpm on a lower engine rpm.
Im guessing these older ones, the smaller ones and for some markets its an overall simpler design like shown here thats mostly being used
On David Brown tractors shift PTO engagement lever to the rear for 1000 and forward for 540.
My 40 year old Yanmar subcompact has a lever to switch from 540 to 1000 depending upon which speed the implement needs. My Woods 59" belly mower runs at 1000 RPM selection. These old Yanmars were definitely way ahead of their time in many ways.
You'll probably come across a no-name tractor that had that feature 30yrs before your copy cat tractor
@@tcmits3699 if you are so smart, then go find out and tell us.
Mine from 92 (24 hp) has 4 different pto gears 🫨 for what i can use them ??? I generaly use a tiller and flail mower on the first witch gives 540 at 2.5k engine rpm and thats it.
@@tcmits3699Probably not.
Yeah i saw that in asian tractors too....both speeds ...
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If you have the early style John Deere, you can be on a level surface and not lose too much, at least on a 4020. Take both snap rings out, remove stub shaft from holder, have it in one hand, being sure to clean any debris off that could get into the sealed area. Pull stub shaft going out the back, and quickly (but gently, don't want to knick anything) put the other stub shaft in.
Great video. Need to do a pto safety video.
Seconded.
My Valmet 6300 (85 hp), 33 years old, has 540 and 1000 with the main lever in the cab (also neutral). On/off is electrohydraulic.
So the speed and shaft have no correlation.
I read the manual and calculated that on my tractor I get 540 out on the 1000 gear at just over 1100 engine rpm. I've used it for "super economy" when running a small square baler and a trailer behind it. Having high hydraulic flow meant that the tractor driven bale kicker still got enough flow to throw them into the trailer.
But you got to be very carefull not do accidently press the foot pedal.
I tried it with my 120×120 cm (4'×4' I believe you would measure it) fixed chamber round baler. Worked until the right at the end when the chamber is filled up. I could do very soft bales with it but for easier handling with slopes etc I went to the 540 gear instead.
Good info. Didn't know about the economy PTO. In my situation most equipment is 1000 but agree it's nice to have both options. Lots of 540 equipment around.
Some modern tractors even have a 1000 economy speed. Which also can have 540 and 540 economy for a total of four engine to pto ratio
Thanks Mike. I learned some things with this video.
Good explanation, Mike. I was not even aware of a 1,000 RPM PTO. I've had a Kubota B2601 for about 6 years and never used the rear PTO. Shame on me.
When JOHN DEERE in 1961 Came out with the New Generation Tractors, (10 series) they had both 540- 1000 Bolt in Inter changable shafts.... The speed change was internal ... By installing the different shafts one had a hole in the end that allowed the shifter rod to move to shift the gears inside the rear to the proper rpm... Problem was if shaft mounting bolts came loose the rod movement would allow the pto speed change gears to try and engage both speeds... usually damaging shift pin inside rear end.. requiring tractor splitting to repair.... They fixed the problem on the 20 series....
We mainly got some older tractors. All of them have a 540 PTOs but 4 of them also got 1000 on the same shaft, so no switch required.
Models are John Deere 2850, and 3200X. Also 2 Schlüter (German Brand) with the same thing.
So not sure about being able to tell it 99% of the time on older ones based on the shaft alone. Could also be a regional thing though.
The John Deere 3200X is our most recent one (between 20 and 30 years old). When the 1000 RPM PRO is selected you can rev to a second indicator on the RPM dashboard which is labeled 540E. But I guess this would be applicable for all tractors having a 1000 RPM PTO on the same shaft then (even without the indicator), as some RPM must result in the PTO speed being 540 then
Thank you for the video.
The reversible pto shaft held with the cir clip was in MF back in the 70"s. A very easy conversion.
My David Browns all have both 1000 and 540 and only have the 6 spline .
Thank you, Mike, for all the knowledge that you share. It is greatly appreciated.
Great stuff Mike. Thanks
Dairy Farmer here… most of our equipment is 20 spline 1 3/4 1000 rpm not the smaller 1 3/8 1000 rpm’s you are discussing. Most small tractors with 150 Hp will not need a ‘big’ 1000 as they don’t produce power to run our equipment anyways.
Excellent explanation. Always good to know these things. Thanks for the video.
What about these little compact tractors that have the three-speed PTO gear selector it sure seems like 3rd gear is like way above 1000 RPM but of course they have a 540 shaft I had a Kubota L185 mated up to a woods 5 ft mower and when you put the PTO on 3rd gear it was all that little tractor could do to just to pull the mower much less cut any grass but the blades had enough RPM that it sounded like it was going to send that mower hovering like a harrier jump-jet😅
I think that 3rd speed is an "economy" 540. So that is for implements that don't need the full tractor horse power. The Tractor can run at a lower RPM to conserve fuel but still gears up the pto so it maintains 540rpm.
@BillTheTractorMan Yeah, but if he put the selector in Economy, and then wound the RPM's up to "normal" PTO speed on the Tach, then that PTO will indeed be running in Warp Drive
@@anthonyroberts9034 right, that's what I was trying to say.
I learned something new. Thanks for the education!
Very good info!. Now i know why i just cant change to 1000 when testing pro. It probably needs the shaft other way around to enable it.
Great information 👍 🇺🇸
The other reason to get both 540 and 1000 pto if you buy a tractor is if you need to rent equipment. We have a disc bine that is 540 pto but the dealership closest to us only rents ones with 1000 pto so if we needed to rent one to finish getting the hay off we would have to rent a tractor also if our tractor didn't have it.
Hi Mike, Thanks for another good video.
A Ford factory engineer told me that when a pto shaft is turning at 540rpm. It requires 8 tonn of force to pull the two shafts apart this reduces too 4 tonn when turning at 1000rpm. You can see why if the shafts are not regularly greased, they can pull out the stub shaft from the tractor
Well done explanation, very informative!
great topic and interesting to know. Thank you
Oh wow, I’ve had tractors now for 30 years I’ve never heard of 1000 pto, and never seen tractor with one. That is something else.
Personally at 70hp, I would not recommend the 1000 RPM PTO. It is my opinion that you often will be under powered on the tractor for these larger implements. If want to run the larger implements, step up to more HP on the tractor (approximately 100hp or more).
John deere such as 3010 and 4010 had bolt on pto shaft But the back of each was different and it would automatically shift the internal gears for 540 or 1000 depending on which shaft you bolted on.
belarus mtz 80 has a 6 spline pto with 540/1000 switch. but the shifting is under the tractor and need from factory 14 and 17 keys to change the speed.
Superb, Mike! Per your usual. Thank you. TFS
Much appreciate your great info!
Great explanation !
Maybe the Japanese guys were ahead of the curve then, my old yammer has a four speed pto and just move a gear lever to select
Thank you! 🚜
Very good review!
My Kubota's has 540 on the rear and 1000 on midmount . for blower and lawn cutting. My Chinese Tractor had a lever at the rear that you could pick either or. same shaft size. It would be 22 year old now
I know some people who say that the hay tedder doesn't work as well when the tractor is in economy pto mode. I don't think the tedder notices the difference when it is being turned 540rpm....😂
Always good info.
Well, i am from germany and a farmers son... And honestly i didnt know about 6 to 21 Spline in common with 540 swtich to 1000 until studing Engineering of Farming Equiqment. I only still wondered why our JohnDeere 6220 complaines about running above 600rpm when running 1000rpm on a mower. xD
Absoluty nobody do this here.
Still 6-Spline running at 1000 till around 250HP, and then, maybe, switch to 1 3/4 6Spline when running a powerharrow or big squarebaler. But not even then everytime.
There is now a 1300rpm pto on bigger tractors. Think it might be a european thing have never seen it on the bigger american tractors. Its deffinately on the fendt 9 and 10 series FWA tractors. I think it might even be a larger 6 spline shaft.
Correct... the high HP machines that are designed to run lower engine RPMS are starting to implement them.
Thanks !
My little Kubota B5200 has a 2 speed PTO. 540 and 825. Is the 825 the overdrive you were talking about?
My old MF 265 has 540 and Ground. Ground will move as fast as the tractor's ground speed.
That's for PTO driven rakes and similar equipment. It was a great idea!
Hi Mike. My MF GC2600 has a 2000 rpm mid PTO. Can you discuss this next time. Thanks.
That is for a mid mount lawn mower deck
Europe standart is 540 540e 1000 1000e just 1.3 inch 6spline shaft over here we dont use 21 spline
Just shift whit ah lever way easier
Good job
I have a 385 Case tractor I just bought it a1985 I can not figure out how to work the draft when I plow. can you help me out?
Is this a US thing with two PTO shafts for different speeds?
My 50 years+ old David Brown tractors just have a handle, where you can change speed from the cab between 540 and 1000
You can not put a 21 spline 1000 Rpm shaft on a 6 spline 540 David Brown.
@@crandonborth
No, but you can run the tractor at lower rpm for a low power implement.
good vid ty
the Ford had square shaft
I think your writer also needs to research the rotary cutter he thinks he wants. My dad's 10' Rhino has the six spline coupler for the tractor, but the rest of the shafts are 1.75" with either 20 or 21 spline. It wants 540 RPM. Couldn't imagine turning a big rotary cutter at 1000.
I will say my small Mahindra 1640 has a lever to select btwn 540 or 1000.
I think he has to shop the tractor based on the rotary cutter he might want.
My 35hp Kioti has both for some reason, not sure why. It doesn't have the power or weight to pull anything big
You can run 540 rpm implements in 1000 rpm we do it all the time to save time. But those are defitinily built heavy enough
My mahindra 485 di has 540/1000,, the lever is in m front of my left foot. My tractor is a late 80's to early 90's (can't find the year out) and is only 45 horsepower.
To me it feels like modern equipment have raised the bar a bit on 540.
Implements that require a bit over 100 hp tractor only has 540.
Maybe modern material science have given us better PTO shafts. But feels a bit dumb when tractors of that size anyway (nearly) always have 1000 rpm but you don't get to use it.
My L 3250 Kubota 40 hp has both one lever controls both.
John deer is great but the rest of us have moved on
Being able too select in cab 540/1000 is great
I believe John deer do this today
That does you no good when the shaft splines are completely different. A 21 spline will not fit on a 6 spline shaft.
My old Kubota has a 4 speed pto
My old Kioti has selectable 540/1000 and is nowhere near 70hp. So far never seen anything in my power class that runs at 1000 rpm.
I have Kioti LK3054 from the early 90s. Yep, same lever. The only time I use 1000 is running the sprayer. You can get the pressure at just above idle.
I think i understand.....mabye....so basically the name says how much rpm it is, 540 rpm ? , but how much engine rpm do you need to make the pto have 540 rpm? 1000 engine rpm is 540 pto rpm? I dont get it....
Engine speed ratio to PTO speed is dependent on the tractor. MOST have a mark on the tachometer showing where the engine speed is matched to the 540 or 1000 rpm PTO speed. I know that 2200 rpm on the engine is the rated 540/1000 rpm speed on a JD 7810. It varies by make and model.
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Double the RPM, you halve the torque. Half the torque means smaller components as they only need to transfer half the torque.
It takes more hp with 1000
You do realise most people put 1000 through a 6 spline also
540 all the way and no worry
my wood chipper takes the 1000 rpm
You guys need to go overseas more often😅
In europe all tractors use the same six spline shaft. Doesn‘t matter if it‘s a ten feet mower on a 70hp tractor or a squarebaler on a 350hp tractor. Plus every tractor can change PTO speeds from the cab in seconds, either with a lever or by touchscreen. Most tractors come with 540/1000/540e/1000e PTO speeds nowadays.
Everything else seems ridiculous to be honest🙈
Gosh if you combine the 540 shaft and the 1 k shaft together, you get 1,540 rpm! 😃