Zanzibar Revolution

Wars in Africa - • Africa
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ZANZIBAR REVOLUTION
In the Zanzibar Revolution of January 1964, the island's majority Black African population overthrew the Sultan of Zanzibar and his mainly Arab government. The revolution occurred just over a month after Britain ended its protectorate and granted Zanzibar full independence. In the aftermath of the revolution, the new government abolished the monarchy and formed a socialist republic.
ZANZIBAR REVOLUTION - Timeline
1698 - Zanzibar comes under Arab Omani rule
1832 or 1840 - The Arab Omani Sultan moves his court to Zanzibar, leading to an influx of Arabs who develop a plantation industry of cloves; consequently, the island’s commerce comes under the control of traders from the Indian subcontinent, who also settle in Zanzibar
1890 - Zanzibar becomes a British protectorate
December 10, 1963 - Britain ends its protectorate and Zanzibar regains full independence
Late 1950s to early 1960s - As Zanzibar independence looms and rival nationalist aspirations increase, ethnic tensions grow between Arabs and Africans
1961 and 1963 elections - The Zanzibar Nationalist Party (ZNP), an Arab-led political party, wins parliamentary elections despite gaining fewer votes than the black African-led Afro-Sharizi Party (ASP); accusations of electoral fraud lead to deadly street riots, further fueling tensions
Early 1960s - Violent radical Arab and African groups, with ties to the Soviet Union or China, separately plot to overthrew the Sultan
January 12, 1964 - The revolution breaks out, taking Zanzibari authorities by complete surprise; within nine hours, the government collapses, with the Sultan fleeing the island; a new government is formed that declares the end of the Sultanate and formation of a socialist republic; in the period after the revolution, widespread violence against Arabs and South Asians takes place
Fun Fact: Freddie Mercury, the lead vocalist of the band "Queen", was born in Zanzibar. Immediately after the 1964 Zanzibar Revolution, his parents left Zanzibar, taking Freddie and his younger sister, and the family settled in the UK.

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