Battles of Gabiene and Paraitakene - Second War of the Diadochi DOCUMENTARY
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- čas přidán 12. 05. 2024
- 🎥Check out our series on the Fall of Sparta, Anabasis of Xenophon and Persian Wars on CZcams / @kingsandgenerals or patreon: / kingsandgenerals
Kings and Generals animated documentary series on the history of Ancient World and Ancient Greece continues with the first video in the wars of the Diadochi - successors of Alexander of Macedon. Previously, we have covered Alexander's conquest of Persia ( • Alexander of Macedon -... ) and his campaign in India, as well as his reforms, plans and death ( • Alexander: Indian Camp... ). In the aftermath of his death, his generals - the Diadochi, started dividing his empire during the Council of Babylon and deciding who will rule the empire. Meleager's coup attempt failed and he was killed. To the west, the Greek city-states led by Athens rebelled against Antipater, leading to the Lamian War, while in Asia, Ptolemy famously stole Alexander's body, striking one of the first blow of the coming war ( • Lamian War - Greeks Re... ). This led to the First War of the Diadochi in which an alliance led by Perdiccas and Eumenes faced the alliance led by Antipater and Ptolemy at the battles of Camel's Rampart, Hellespont, Orkynia and Cretopolis in 321-319 BC, which Antipater and Ptolemy won, dividing the empire again during the Partition of Triparadeisos ( • First War of the Diado... ), which in turn led to the Second War of the Diadochi, the battles of Coprates river, Athens, Megalopolis, Gabiene and Paraitakene, the end of Eumenes, as well as Philip III Arrhidaeus and Olympias.
Other videos on Alexander and Macedon:
Persianization of Alexander: • Battle of the Sogdian ...
How Rome Conquered Greece: • How Rome Conquered Gre...
Philip II and Macedonian Phalanx: • Armies and Tactics: Ph...
Philip II's Cavalry and Siegecraft: • Armies and Tactics: Ph...
Military Reforms of Alexander the Great: • Military Reforms of Al...
Alexander the Great: Logistics: • Alexander the Great: L...
Special Forces of Alexander the Great: • Special Forces of Alex...
Ancient Macedonia before Alexander the Great and Philip II: • Ancient Macedonia befo...
Why were Alexander's Body and Tomb So Important? • Why were Alexander's B...
What happened to Alexander's tomb? • What happened to Alexa...
Alexander the Great in Quran and Middle Eastern Myths: • Alexander the Great in...
The video was made by MalayArcher ( / mathemedicupdates , while the script was researched and written by Christos Nicolaou. This video was narrated by Officially Devin ( / @offydgg & czcams.com/channels/79s.html.... Art by Banskie Ayuban.
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Sources:
docs.google.com/document/d/1t...
Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: www.epidemicsound.com
00:00 Intro
01:29 Second War of the Diadochi Begins
04:08 Siege of Athens and Megalopolis
06:34 What about Alexander's heir and family?
08:48 Eastern Front
09:36 Battle of Coprates river
10:27 Battle of Paraikatene
13:21 Battle of Gabiene
16:00 End of Eumenes and Olympias, new division of Alexander's Empire.
#Documentary #Alexander #Diadochi
🎥Check out our series on the Fall of Sparta, Anabasis of Xenophon and Persian Wars on CZcams czcams.com/channels/MmaBzfCCwZ2KqaBJjkj0fw.htmljoin or patreon: www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals
The graphics in this series are awesome. At 7:29 it would be worth mentioning that Kleitos the White was killed by Lysimachos‘ men. This shows that despite staying mostly passive throughout the war, Lysimachos clearly took a side during this conflict.
PS: At 7:52 you misspelled Aeacides, second a is missing.
Did Eudemos really control Media and Persis prior to Paraitakene as it is shown at 9:02? As far as I know Peithon despite his setbacks still formerly controlled Media.
Reign of Alexander: 13 years
Wars of the Diadochi, caused by Alexander's early death: *_41 years_* ... boggles the mind...
He is the catalyst.
It would boggle my mind if they took the exact same time.
if you think about it, the reign of Alexander was all about war, and before Alexander Persia was also always warring and all other countries too.
and afterwards as well, war was a constant through history. it is just sometimes you can link a series of wars under a name.
His greatness allowed him to speed run his conquering.
Can't wait for Seleucus' origin story and the rise of the Selucids. Amazing as always Kings and Generals.
Basically a story of opportunism: First stabs Perdikkas, then opposes Eumenes and therefore is forced to side with Antigonos, more like that to come…
@@Kili2807 Spoilers haha
@@the_miracle_aligner kind of but it’s this era where things like these happen everywhere
Seleukos*'
One small error, Antigonus did not march along side Alexander into Persia. He was left behind in Phrygia to govern the province and secure the suply lines.
Good point. I think when we said Persia, we meant "Persian empire".
@@KingsandGeneralsshould have used the original Iranshahr instead of Persia or persian Empire as that's what Iranians called their state.
@@SafavidAfsharid3197wah
@@SafavidAfsharid3197 Yeah but this is about the Macedonian conquest of the Persians, told from the perspective of Macedon, who called them "Persia".
@@SafavidAfsharid3197Or Airyanem Xsaça as it was called in Old Persian language
GAME OF THRONES: MACEDONIAN SERIES.
Glad I'm not the only one who see this.
I have always said that but no one seems to get it. Perdiccas would be ned stark, eumenes rob, seleucus little finger. Antigonus tywin, demetrius jaime. Achaemenids the targaryens, robert alexander. Cassander and alexander's retard brother would be stannis.
@darkwarrior1383 This was definitely real life game of thrones
Should have based it off this and not war of the roses
Does that mean Ptolemy is Ned stark?
@thejbomb65 Well Ptolemy didnt get betrayed and beheaded so
One important reason why Olympias failed to establish herself as ruler of macedon was her hatred towards the Antipatrids. Already during that time the rumor that Kassandros together with his brother Iolaos were responsible for Alexanders death was circulating. Olympias was driven by revenge when she invaded Macedon while Kassandros operated in southern Greece. In the beginning she had a massive reputation as mother of the great Alexander, but as she took power in Pella that changed. Convinced that the family of Antipatros had killed her son she started executing everybody she thought was responsible for that. Many noble families who were close to Antipatros were eliminated, Kassandros brother Nikanor was killed on Olympias order and she desecrated the tomb of Iolaos who had served as Alexanders cup bearer in Babylon. This bloody path of revenge she caused was the reason why more and more macedonians turned away from her and started supporting Kassandros when he finally attacked Macedon.
There is actually a bit of a rehabilitation of Olympias in modern scholarship.
@@kramhorseYes, back then when a woman had ambitions outside the traditional role model, she was villainized by the men therefore the authors
Also a fun fact about the Battle of Gabiene, before the battle started, Antigenes send a rider to Antigonos's centre to call on the phalangites: "Wicked men, are you sinning against your fathers, who conquered the whole world under Philip and Alexander?". This made the Antigonid troops to have lower morale while those under Eumenes to cheer up.
Eumenes wasnt old,he would have been 37-38 years old at that time and died at the age of 46
Yeah and Antigonos was in his sixties
We really don't know that, Diodorus and no other source to my knowledge mentions Eumenes's birth date. Considering he served under Philip II, his age could range from that of Antigonus and Philip himself, all the way to being a tad bit older than Alexander. So Kings and Generals calling him ''old'' can't be proven wrong, nor is it right, it is a simple assumption.
@@joeboah6040 We know that Eumenes together with his father fled Kardia when he was still young. Back then normally only young guys, mostly teenagers were given new duties in the royal court.
I'm in my 30s, and I feel pretty old lmao
I was in my 30s, 50 years ago(I'm 82). It's amazing how fast the last 50 years have gone by. I don't feel old, but my body sure does after I have shoveled the side walk. @@jonbaxter2254
"and presumably, after mastering the ‘walk like an Egyptian’ dance"
... well ... that woke me up with a "did he really just say that?"
Amazing upload!
That period of Greek history puts Game of Thrones to shame.
Silver shields are no joke 😂
Never realised how interesting the actual Diadochi Wars were. Used to picking up the time period far away as a Celtic or Italic tribe in Imperator or TW
The rise, and especially the fall, of a great empire is generally dramatic and interesting.
Rise and fall of the Persian empire, Macedonian/Greek empire, Mauryan, Roman, Han (3 kingdoms era), Rashidun and Umayyad ("the fitna"), Mongol/Yuan, etc all the way to the rise and fall of Soviet Union (fall of Romanov dynasty, and then the failure of Gorbachev's reforms), they are all very dramatic and interesting.
Bunch of ambitious men (and women) during chaotic times == drama.
How there still hasn't been a single movie, video game, TV Show, etc that focuses on The Diadochi Wars is actually insane to me.
A TV Show would make peak Game of Thrones boring.... Hell, you even can make a Dynasty Warriors-like game about these wars.
Imperator: Rome, despite its name, covers a lot of the diadochi wars.
if you read manga, try "historie".
Yes we need all the Diadochi wars realized and the campaigns of Antiochus lll and the Kingdoms of the far east such as the Greko-Bactrian Kingdoms
3:35 , I find the information panel ironic, cause considering that Polyperchon is regent and has the hold of the two kings of Macedon, Eumenes joining his side abides completely with this supposed ''oath''. The only oath Eumenes does break here is the one he gave to Antigonus, being his right-hand man and all that.
This is a great example of how conquering the world is not the same as holding it! None of the Alexander's heirs had the charisma, strength of will or sheer audacity that he had in abundance. Thanks to Kings and Generals for another wonderful series! 🔥⚔😎
I just get this geriatric silver shields image with canes and walkers whooping ass lol 😅
Fear an old man in a profession where the young die often
Hoping that you add more detail in the long form documentary. For example why were Phillip III and Eurydice becoming enemies of Olympias and Polyperchon? There were two factions at the court in Pella. Phillip and Eurydice and Alexander IV with his mother. Both tried to increase their influence. When Polyperchon chose Olympias as an ally (+ her nephew Aiakides of Epirus) he basically handed the power over to her. He seemed to have been happy being in the second row. As Olympias only needed/ wanted her grandson Alexander by her side, Eurydice feared that she and her husband would loose all their power. So she appealed to Kassandros offered him the regency in the name of her husband hoping that he would defeat Olympias and Polyperchon. When Olympias entered Macedon with an Epirote force, the royal couple marched against her with an army. But when the soldiers found out that they should fight against Alexander the Greats mother, they changed sides. Eurydice and Philipp III fled but were executed (they were rivals of Olympias and she had hated Philip III since he was born.
Glad seeing enthusiasts on this era spitting more information on this era. I really hope Kings and Generals starts talking about the minor satraps and their stories(Peithon,Peithon son of Agenor and Eudemus). Also, at 7:46 K&G addresses Philip III as a ''candidate for the throne'', considering he and his nephew were both co-kings, I wouldn't call him a simple ''candidate''. What do you think about that? Asking you since you seem very knowledgeable on this subject.
@@joeboah6040 I'm not an expert, of course. But as I understand it, Philip III and Alexander IV were the two kings of Macedonia. However, it is clear that they had no real power. Phillip seems to have had some kind of mental limitation. He never appears as an active player, rather it was his wife Eurydice who tried to exert influence over him. On the other side was Alexander IV, who was only a few years old. I think that his mother Roxana tried to assert her interests and those of her son. When Antipater exercised the regency, he seems to have managed to control both camps. The fact that he took the entire royal family with him to Pella shows that he was aware of the risk that ambitious women in particular could pose at the side of kings. When he died, Polyperchon clearly proved too weak to maintain control.
I did find it odd that these details were left out. Like why tell such a truncated version of their epic and pivotal struggle?
@@kramhorse I would have split the second War of the Diadochi in two since the conflict was so disjointed. One video covering the civil war in Greece and then the battle for Asia with Eumenes vs Antigonos
You are doing a fantastic job all these years and i hope you continue with many more!
A little feedback on my side to keep this channel at the top. Just my opinion, but i noticed also on the previous video of the diadochi wars that the script had a little joke about looting souvlakia and this one about the dance like an Egyptian. I do enjoy a lot of jokes and follow other channels that are based on this kind of storytelling. To be honest, your hard work through sources, animations, narration, editing etc seems to me that it gets a little diminished by such jokes, or at least i am used to your videos being more serious (unless it is the narration that ruins it for me? i mean the joke specially. otherwise the narration is one of the strongest advantages of this channel).
I guess it is a way to keep the interest of the viewers also. Perhaps in this case a "tree" with these protagonists and the connections between themselves and Alexander might help, because in these specific videos, there are a lot of names. I never had trouble following your videos though or losing interest.
One more change i noticed was the references to Heroes, gods or their deeds and the figuratively speech. This i liked a lot! More proof of your hard work on sources.
Again, just my humble opinion
A fantastic Thursday, when K&G releases a video. No better way to wake up bake up 😎 Much love to all you at the team.
Great to see the battles of Paraitakene and Gabiene in modern graphics! Would be cool if you could add the minor battle which occurred before Gabiene. How Antigonos tried to capture Eumenes elephants and how Eumenes managed to defend them
he was the loyal servant of the argedai dynasty. rest in peace my lord
Kind of funny to think about it. The one guy who stays loyal to the Argead house is a Greek secretary from Kardia
@@Kili2807 Maybe that's why he stayed loyal. Because the other diadoches, except Perdikkas, did not value him
@@aklc5678 Yes. He had nothing else. Serving the royal house had ever been his way.
@@aklc5678Ok I was wrong. He wasn’t the only one. Aristonous bodyguard of Philipp II and later Alexander came back from his retirement to support the faction of Olympias in the war in Macedon. He was the oldest of Alexander’s companions and mostly kept himself out of the power struggle between the Generals, but was there to support the Argead dynasty
Eumenes's death - one of the greatest upsets in history
I always wondered, if the Alexandra empire hadn’t fallen into in fighting, how it would of faired against Rome in 1 to 2 centuries
The best series!
Thanks!
@@KingsandGeneralswhen you are continuing your Maratha series, mughal series and british conquests of india series? The series on Nadar Shah still haven't come too.
i like this series. I always wondered what happened after Alexander's death and how his empire became fragmented.
9:47 - Rome Total War bridge battle in a nutshell
Exciting & superb video.
Brilliant video. We always appreciate your time and hard work to make these videos ❤️. Love from Sri Lanka.
An underserved historical era imo. Thanks for the hard work and great content!
One of the major problems that ran through Eumenes' career as Diadochos was the fact that he was originally only a Greek secretary.
Many Macedonian generals had a problem with serving under a Greek, so when Eumenes met the Silver Shields in Cilicia, they initially refused to follow him.
Eumenes had to get creative again. In Mesopotamia, the satraps Peithon and Seleucus refused to serve him and the loyalty of the eastern satraps (see Peukestas) was also constantly fragile.
This makes it all the more remarkable how he almost managed to defeat Antigonus.
Eh, I'm not sure if he was that remarkable beyond being semi-competent general. Not that I know much about him beyond this video. Antigonos has spared Eumenes once. Eumenes's death when Antigonos got his hands on him the second time seems to be the consequence of Eumenes's mistakes.
@@saldownikwhat mistakes did he make? Mostly betrayal was his downfall
@@Kili2807 it wasn't just betrayal. He was soundly defeated at gabiene read diodorus
@@okenogamer as far as I know the silvershields smashed Antigonos phalanx in both battles. Had they met for a third time Eumenes would have had the clear upperhand
@@Kili2807 overall eumenes had numerical superiority and while antigonous had more heavy infantry he didn't have a strong flank guard like silver shields. Silver shields were not phlanx and Phalanx was only meant to hold the enemy. Silver shield were flank guards.Antigonous defeated eumenes at Battle of Orkynia. At battle of paraintake antigonous exploited the gap in enemy's center and eumenes had transferred a major portion of cavalry on one of his flank to his side so antigonoud exploited it and eumenes had to pull back. At gabiene antigonous used the cover of dust clouds to hide his movement and fall on eumenes's cavalry and push him back and formed a screen so that other half of his cavalry could fall on silver shields.
It's taken a few days to watch this. Great content, I love ancient history like this, visual content is also really important to me.
Loving these Diadochi videos!!!
Awesome series glad to see it expanded!
Hell yeah. I've been waiting for this
In classic Greek irony, the Athenians were proven right about the Macedonians... They were a tough and brutish culture, so naturally once their leader dies and there's a power vacuum, they will turn against each other like dogs. Alexander's corpse did indeed reek through the known world, the Athenian diplomat made the truest prophecy of antiquity.
6:26 There must be something wrong with me, I keep hearing "souvlaki" in K&G videos 😂.
Excellent work, once more!
Another great video, absolutely love you guys and this channel!
Thanks?
Very impressive defense by Damis I did not know about this conflict despite me being a bit of a fan of this period.
In 2:31 Olympias is shown besides the royal family in Pella. As far as I know Olympias stayed in exile with her nephew Aiakides in Epirus (as Eumenes had advised her in a series of letters) until 317 BC. Roxana and Alexander IV fled Pella and arrived at the epirote court. They returned only when Olympias led an army and took control of macedon.
And at 17:20 Kassandros didn’t march on land through Greece to capture Olympias at Pydna. The Aitoleans allied to Polyperchon blocked the Thermopylae pass and therefore forced Kassandros to sail from Euboia to Thessaly therefore bypassing the defenses. Polyperchon and Aiakides tried to relief Olympias in Pydna but their epirote army mutinied. Aiakides retreated to the west and Polyperchon with his son Alexander who had unsuccessfully besieged Athens entrenched himself in the Peloponnese
Always learn something new!
An hour ago I finished the whole Alexander the Great's playlist. The timeing is perfect!
Poor war elephants, They always seem to get routed and then trash their own lines. I feel like they were rarely used as effectively as they should have been.
Video didn't show up in my notifications and I would've missed it if not for scrolling my subscriptions
Sorry to hear that. Do you have the bell button on?
Sometimes it takes a day or so to show up in notifications I usually see these videos on the front page. But for other channels I get late notifications
Real game of thrones
2:16 after mastering the 'walk like a Egyptian' dance 😂🤣.
as usual, very good material
Error:Eurydice was not the step daughter of Olympias, but granddaughter, her mother was the half-sister of Philip III and Alexander III of Macedon. Making Eurydice the niece of Philip III.
I would be helpful to show an Argead family tree to make the relations clearer
Considering how fast the world went to hell after ALexander died, I'm not sure if he would have loved it or hated it.
Very informative ❤
I appreciate the information 👍🏻
lol
06.25 "flipped his souvlaki charcoal box"
🙃 cracked me up
There should be a show on this, amazing video Seleucids were chads. I do hope we get history videos on the Greco Bactrians
You mean opportunists who have money
Nicely done video
Olympias's hatred of Kassandros stunted her rise to Macedonian queenship. The story that Kassandros and Iolaos killed Alexander had begun to circulate. Kassandros was in southern Greece when Olympias struck Macedon for revenge. Her fame as Alexander the Great's mother faded as she secured power in Pella. After believing the Antipatros family was guilty, she beheaded everyone she accused of murdering her son. Many noble families affiliated with Antipatros were exterminated; Olympia herself assassinated Kassandros' brother and desecrated Iolaos' grave, who bore Alexander's cup in Babylon. As she pursued her terrible retribution, more Macedonians abandoned her and supported Kassandros' invasion.
yes this is really important to understand why the war in Greece shifted especially because Kassandros originally wasnt a popular personality. Sources state that Alexander and even his own father disliked him, the fact that Polyperchon and not Kassandros was appointed regent speaks for itself.
Nice Channel, I hope if you make a video about Banu Sulaym and Banu Hilal tribes and how they conquered north Africa after the 11th century making it an Arab lands by Arabized the native tribes like Hawwara and Zenata.
I advise you to Kitab Al-Ibar by Ibn Khaldun, as it is the best description of the Arabs’ invasion of North Africa during the eleventh century and their control over the country centuries later, and how their influence and control over the country transformed the defeated Berber tribes into Arabs similar to them in language, dress, customs, and traditions.
I think it will be an interesting video
Great video
Love it!
Great video people..
We wait ✋️ for Selukos, the man who would be Alexander.
Excellent video
Once again. PLATAEA would be very welcome .
Thank you friends!
Press F to pay respect to Eumenese 😢
excellent
This is like Ender's game. Ender = Alexander, the diadochi being Ender's generals
I had to pause so I could get the Bangles out of my head. Bastards. Lol
Wow I'm speechless of the quality
A time where kings and generals fought on side of their men.
Can't wait for selucos story
End of Eumenes? You mean he's... *gasp*
With friends like peucestas who needs enemies?
The best Of the best ❤
A situation where Kassandros‘ ruthless character is well shown is how he treated Nikanor after he had returned to the Piräus from the victorious battle at Byzantion. His victory gained him much popularity and Kassandros grew fearful about his increasing influence. As Kassandros didn’t have any military victories to strengthen his own reputation he lured Nikanor into a trap had him arrested and executed for treason.
9:40 my typical formation when defending bridges in Rome Total war!
After mastering The Walk Like An Egyptian Dance had me rolling
Great video. Where can we see the collection of memeber exclusive videos ?
By becoming a member
John Komnenous 2 series please.
Will you do italian indipendence wars for not members?
8:36 an excelent way to make a mythological reference.
Timely, poetic and full of class.
Thanks!
Lol I guess the earlier title was a bit of a spoiler for those who are 2300 years behind.
This content had some humor in the episode. Walk like an Egyptian dance and Souvlaki charcoal. That's something.
They need to make netflix series on Diadochi
can you please also do the roman Dacian wars
Could you please make a 2nd Punic Wars series that isn't member exclusive later? I would be most appreciative.
Btw I really enjoyed watching many of your series such as Alexander, Early Muslim Expansion and the Crusades
I learnt a lot from some of them.
I don't mind if they kept it patreon exclusive. I am very happy with what we got for free. Which is a lot
Nevertheless, a second punic war series for free would ofcourse be amazing
I don't understand why Eumenes is called the old man while Antigones was 20 years older than him.
It seems that both were the most skilled military generals from the diadochi but in the end, it's their nationality that was decisive.
Ancient Greeks: Ah Sh--t, here we go again!!
When will you upload the Israel Hamas war status???
Why are there so many puns in this video? Did the new intern write the script? 😂
Cool
I'm still imaging how the Gods of Olympos were watching it!
Someone needs to make a Risk board game of this
I request you please also made video on selucas and Chandragupta maurya war
Saw people comparing Ptolemy to Ned Stark but he wasn't as honorable. If he were, he would have backed Polyperchon because he was the rightful heir to Antipater. By supporting Kassander he helped to end Alexander's family - a betrayal against his old colleague and ally Antipater, and against Alexander's blood.
18:11 the Greeks mostly believed that if someone was left unburied they would be stuck in a kind of purgatory, never being able to enter the afterlife
In these wars the entire wealth of Persia was spent on the armies and their equipment as these leaders vied for power. The whole region was awash in gold and silver, causing massive inflation.
Scythian tribes: Do not worry, my brothers, I will save you
It has been long since u post update on Russia Ukraine war
I have high hopes for my main man Polyperchon
Tremendous job I am greek
Wouldn't it be cool to actually be there.
As a spectator yes
Bunch o people who died , died ; they were all my friends. ,and they died. !... Theodoppledious ate larks tounge in aspeic on the knight that he wasz wed...( Sung to the tune of " bunch o people who died" )..early 80s..that one guy - you know,
10:27 A rare Macedonian Pterodactyls sighting