Howard Chang (Stanford, HHMI) 1: Epigenomic Technologies

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  • čas přidán 26. 07. 2024
  • www.ibiology.org/genetics-and...
    In this talk, Dr. Howard Chang describes epigenomic approaches pioneered by his lab and the role of long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating gene expression.
    In Part 1 of this series, Dr. Howard Chang introduces epigenomics, the study of DNA regulatory mechanisms that determine which genes are turned on or off in cells at specific times. The epigenome integrates signals from the environment to modify expression of the DNA blueprint inherited from an individual’s parents. Chang’s lab has pioneered techniques to map the landscape of chromatin, the complex of DNA, RNA and protein that organizes the genome and regulates gene expression. One example is ATAC, the Assay of Transposase Accessible Chromatin, which uses a bacterial transposase to mark open chromatin and identify genes that are likely turned “on”.
    In his Part 2, Chang introduces long noncoding RNAs, or lncRNAs. As their name suggests, lncRNAs are not translated into proteins, and initially their functions were poorly understood. Chang’s group has developed technologies to better understand the function of lncRNAs. For example, his lab characterized the protein partners that interact with Xist, a canonical lncRNA that mediates X chromosome inactivation. They found that the protein Spen is necessary for X chromosome silencing. Interestingly, Spen has likely been co-opted by mammalian cells to inactivate the X chromosome via viral mimicry.
    In his Part 3, Chang reminds us that every lncRNA gene has its own set of DNA regulatory elements, such as enhancers and promoters. These regulatory elements can confer functionality to lncRNA genes. Chang shares the research story of a mysterious lncRNA known as PVT1, which is frequently co-amplified with the proto-oncogene MYC in human cancers. His group found that PVT1 promoter activity is inversely correlated with MYC expression - when one is up, the other is down. Finally, Chang shows that the PVT1 and MYC promoters compete for four enhancers located within the PVT1 gene locus.
    Speaker Biography:
    Howard Chang is the Virginia and D. K. Ludwig Professor of Cancer Genomics and a professor of dermatology and genetics at Stanford University. He is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He studied biochemistry at Harvard University and completed a doctorate in biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and medical degree at Harvard Medical School. The Chang lab pioneers new technologies for probing the function of the non-coding genome.
    med.stanford.edu/changlab.html
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Komentáře • 31

  • @mmartin5816
    @mmartin5816 Před 4 lety +7

    Wow, what a tremendous series of advances. It seems we have a new level of insight on epigenetics. Well done Dr Chang

  • @DG-xg8vg
    @DG-xg8vg Před 4 lety +11

    Fantastic information, of which I only understood about 5%

    • @hgz11
      @hgz11 Před rokem +1

      That's why I love this channel....they don't dumb it down. You'll get it DG.... it just take stime

  • @RoverT65536
    @RoverT65536 Před 4 lety +3

    Fascinating

  • @juanpablomorantorres1903

    Sweet mister

  • @metalwellington
    @metalwellington Před 4 lety +2

    interesting

  • @so-oo6ti
    @so-oo6ti Před rokem

    Japan is trying to discharge radioactively contaminated water into the sea, and I'm curious about this part.

  • @Rishab1702
    @Rishab1702 Před 4 lety +3

    Anyone from India watching this?

    • @lifestylealignment4180
      @lifestylealignment4180 Před 4 lety

      Watched

    • @Rishab1702
      @Rishab1702 Před 4 lety

      @@lifestylealignment4180 so what are you doing job or research and in which field?

    • @lifestylealignment4180
      @lifestylealignment4180 Před 4 lety +2

      I am IT pro but have super interest in biology, what do you do?

    • @Rishab1702
      @Rishab1702 Před 4 lety +2

      I am doing bsc in biotech second year. But really man it's quite fascinating to c people like u who are curious to know everything even if it's not there field.

    • @lifestylealignment4180
      @lifestylealignment4180 Před 4 lety +3

      This filed is called Life Science, for a reason they have named it Life 🙂, by the way I have enrolled for MSc Bio technology, just for my passion soon hope to shift my job in Any medtech/health tech.your BSc is best career path, study and master every word in your text book rest all will fall in place naturally

  • @numericalcode
    @numericalcode Před rokem

    Cutting edge science

  • @Breal1969
    @Breal1969 Před 2 lety +1

    For you over thinkers: The man spoke clear and concise. You don't even need to have any background in medicine to keep up Tik Tockers.

  • @kipling1957
    @kipling1957 Před 4 lety +8

    Scientists get hung up un the underlying technology when explaining their expertise to the general public. I just want the headlines first, with some useful analogies. I can choose to peel the onion for detail as I understand its relevance. This is how learning happens. An onion model, not a detailed linear description. I understand why they do this, habitually, having to justify conclusions to their peers. This talk is better than most. But the big picture elements of the whole presentation could have been sketched out in the first 5 minutes, with some detail drilled into later. But do we really need to know the bench-level steps for ATAC sequencing of nanoliter droplets, for example? It just creates fog for the non-expert. I can pull a paper should I ever be curious enough about this level of background detail.

    • @l.christoffersen7502
      @l.christoffersen7502 Před 4 lety +2

      This is nowhere near bench-level steps. You cannot understand the big picture without understanding the details, even if you think you can.

    • @pavellambracht5823
      @pavellambracht5823 Před 4 lety

      @@l.christoffersen7502 but in order to make people understand you HAVE TO start with a big picture. I am completely agree with kipling1957 on this. Make some useful analogy, make it related to people somehow, hook them on to this topic and then get into details. Over here in this video there was no hook whatsoever. ATAC protein right away... You need 4 year Bachelors degree in biology or genetics, or something related to get it. Now, I have a question, who is a targeted audience in this type of videos?Students in college? High Schoolers, or colleagues which have PHDs... I am pretty sure colleagues don't need it and those who are in colleges and high schools will not get it or there is much simpler videos in regards of the same topic.

    • @kipling1957
      @kipling1957 Před 4 lety +1

      Ala Nine I agree, generally, but there is still to much back-detail in this presentation. I’m talking about HOW you roll out the menu to the public. I was a bench level biologist for two decades, so appreciate the point you make. But with family and friends I don’t immediately pull out my co-IP gel photos to elucidate an important phenomenon. That comes after dinner for the curious.

    • @l.christoffersen7502
      @l.christoffersen7502 Před 4 lety +3

      ​@@kipling1957 But the title of the talk is literally "Epigenomic Technologies". He briefly explains what epigenetics is in the beginning and then describes technologies with which to analyze epigenomics. I get what you're saying with friends and family but at the same time maybe this video's target audience isn't your grandma.

    • @kipling1957
      @kipling1957 Před 4 lety

      Ala Nine Grandma, no. Educated non-expert in the field.

  • @hraqhraq
    @hraqhraq Před 3 lety +1

    Does not have good explanation or details, also he was pointing to things non precisely to what he was talking to at each point of time, more like he was talking to his colleges in Lab