Q&A 165: How Could We Explore the Oceans of Europa? And More...
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- čas přidán 25. 06. 2024
- In this week's live questions and answers show, I explain why NASA doesn't build standardized rovers, how we know the Universe is approximately 13.8 billion years old, and which are the best (and worst) entry-level telescopes to get.
Mars Magnetosphere story
www.universetoday.com/153368/...
00:00 Start
00:28 When will NASA make standard models of rovers?
04:28 Is the Universe older than 13.8 billion years?
07:06 What are the best and worst entry level telescopes?
10:29 Why isn't there more of a push to explore Europa?
13:40 could dark matter be a heavier element?
16:29 How could we drill down through Europa's ice sheet?
19:23 Will supervoids grow as the Universe expands?
21:11 What's the best technology for interstellar travel?
23:15 Could we protect Mars with a giant solenoid?
25:37 Could we build a second James Webb?
27:08 Could a longer ramp let Spinlaunch send humans to space?
29:39 What is the economic cost of contaminating Mars?
33:18 Do Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk have any business strategy for colonizing space?
35:08 How do neutron stars die?
36:28 Better to live on a water world or Mars?
37:37 Any way to collect small pieces of space junk?
Want to be part of the questions show? Ask a short question on any video on my channel. I gather a bunch up each week and answer them here.
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You are free to use my work for any purpose you like, just mention me as the source and link back to this video. - Věda a technologie
In regards so the first question about the rovers, I would add that Percy is basically the same chassis as Curiosity. They iterated on the curiosity design. Perseverance and Curiosity are pretty much the same rover. Percy just has new science instruments and a lot of improvements like the wheels and helicopter.
Question: Could Hubble take a picture of James Webb when it reaches L2?
this is such a good question. that would be an awesome pic
Hi Fraser.
Is it possibble for a rocky world with a thick atmosphere to have a mountain that reaches space directly??
The temptation to leave troll comments is strong because your replies to them are absolute gold.
Really like your explanation of spooling a fiber optical cable through the ice of Europa. We are so close to shake hands with the space octopus, I can almost smell the ocean.
I've been chomping at the bit for Europa submarine expeditions since last century.
Thanks Fraser great show.
I share and point people to your channel(s) and yet there's only 25 people? C'mon world, tune in! So many interesting questions and answers on this one (I point people here to explain stuff like today's episode "how do we KNOW how old the universe is").
Keep up the hard work and a big wave hello from Utah.
I just posted it, so the numbers are all wonky. But thanks for the support!
love to see your videos getting more and more views 🎉
I think any kind of hibernation research may be the most valuable for near future (human) interstellar travel.
(never mind for medicine here on earth, allowing terminal patients to "sleep" until treatments are developed)
That kind of thing is unlikely to really get anywhere, unless you mean to make the astronauts not have to deal with the trip there. They'd still age at the same rate
@@mahoganyk Possibly but I'm not sure of that myself. AFAIK many aging/senescence processes are the result of damages (or designed decays such as telomere shortening) that are directly related to metabolic activity. If we greatly slow metabolic activity then surely the rate of damage reduces (also would want to shield the sleepers from environmental radiation, but I don't think that's a major contribution to aging). It's not like our cells have a perfect little clock inside them, running independent of their metabolic activity. They cannot "know" real time.
Do you have a probability for the JWT succeeding. Knowing of all the things that can go wrong, and the fact it can't have a Hubble type repair, it sounds like a real nerve wracking mission.
Still they could build a standardized Rover body that's modular for different shielding, instruments, wheels etc...
Really like your explanation of spooling a fiber optical cable through the ice of Europa. The spool is at the hot head and let the wire refreeze on the tail. We are so close to shake hands with the space octopus, I can almost smell the ocean.
plz make another regular explainer video again Fraser, you are so great at those.
Hi Fraser - Live your channel.
Question: Could Europas oceans be explored sooner if we used the geyser’s ‘tubes’ instead to send the probes into its ocean? Of course, depending on if they occur on a predictable rhythm and remain semi-open in between eruptions.
Could Ion Plasma Engines be used for point to point transportation for astronauts? Like, could astronauts realistically go from the ISS to any other station using personal thrusters, or small spacecraft that use these engines?
I have a dream of a Starship dedicated as an expendable deep space probe absolutely packed to the gills with instrumentation and a bay full of rovers with decent craft to just carpet bomb some destination with rovers.
Reaching Proxima in 50000 years. =)
@@rhoddryice5412 Deep space in this case being anything out of Earth orbit. I was thinking more of missions to Titan or the Jovian moons.
Hi Fraser - where is a good place to look at really high quality HD photos of astronomical bodies? Like, super close ups taken of the Moon etc? Thanks - love you channel.
Whenever I see y’all about Europa I just think about Barotrauma now. Cool game
Interesting show. I learned a few things. As far as Europa's icy water world and vast ocean beneath the ice go. Arthur C. Clarke's 1982 sequel novel, 2010: Odyssey Two, talked about this very ocean. But then, I would think the 100% certainty of this ocean came with the Cassini Probe in 2004/2006.
There was a hint of it back in 1980 with the Voyager missions. But it wasn't confirmed until Galileo in the 90s.
good info on inexpensive entry level telescopes on astrobiscuit's channel
For clouds of micro-sized debris, you can collide icing sugar to slow down the orbit and bring it to Earth.
On spin launch... a failure of any kind would be a rather impressive explosion given the chemical rocket it will contain.
No, you can mass produce rovers for Mars, and then the Moon. You can easily accommodate 1000 missions on each and still have loads of science left to do.
13:40 a cool hypothesis is strange matter, which may be stable, possibly created in neutron stars.
19:00 Question, regarding the ice penetrator probe, during the year/two it takes to melt through, are we not worried about the cracks in europe and the line being ripped by some ice shift in such a long time?
Can any subset of the EHT Telescope's telescopes make their own mini-EHT that could do their own observations of anything they want? If so, what kind of things could they study that they could not do by themselves? What kind of things could they study that EHT couldn't?
As soon as the Europa squid is photographed, Fermi paradox is resolved. Life is everywhere, it's just that the Universe Internet doesn't exist for life to text each other.
Cube sats are actually mass produced as a modular platform in which the satellite operator install their desired hardware
going through europa's icy crust should be a top priority.
we keep sending vehicles to a rocky planet scrapping a dusty surface while there's abundance of water at a nearby planet.
europa and titan are our best bets gents!
Question pertaining to heavier elements. Considering supernova probably create heavier elements than exist on our periodic table, where are they? If there is the possibility of an island of stability, why are we not observing these heavy elements in the universe?
We could learn how by exploring the oceans on Earth. The vast majority of Earth's oceans are unexplored. I'm sure all the missing 10mm sockets and missing socks are down there.
Marine biologists and other ocean science people hate that "most oceans are unexplored" myth.
Hey Fraser, I have a question for you: What do you think about the use of metastable Helium as a rocket fuel, is it possible to launch SSTO's or maybe interstellar probes with it in the future and how could it be stored? I read about it on the german wikipedia site for rocket fuels but couldn't find much about it on the internet. I love your Q&A's and Interviews!
And as a second question: Do you think light field cameras may have a future in space or earth bound telescopes because of their low light sesitivity?
Good afternoon Fraser. A question just occurred to me about the proposed probes to Europa, if the ice refreezes after thr probe has passed through, is the umbilical in danger of being broken? It will also need to be heated, which will be expensive on the energy budget.
I imagined suspending a one metre plumbline and then pinching it so it stops, as you pass the line through your fingers, at say, 30cm. The plumbob will be hanging then, trapped at 30cm. What are the proposals in regards heating the communication line to the probe?
Since nearly all the stars that can be seen without a telescope are larger than the sun and therefore shorter lived, and that the formation of new massive stars in the galaxy should decrease with time, how far into the future will it take until you couldn't see any more stars in the night sky with the human eye?
What part of "ALL THESE WORLDS ARE YOURS - EXCEPT EUROPA. ATTEMPT NO LANDING THERE." do we not understand?
Fraser - If a small explosion occurs in the nearby space, say between earth and mars, or in a lagrange point, would the particles during expansion behave the same way as the universe seems to do, i.e. would they also accelerate at some point? Could this experiment be done?
Are there specific space-science technologies or experiments that would work better in Canada's Arctic (or any other polar regions) than at lower latitudes?
What we need is mass produced rovers, specifically like at least 100 mission hardened 'Spot' type rovers dropped on mars, eventually leading to however many a Starship can hold. Divide them into teams with some carrying different instrument packages. Some drill rocks and collect samples, others contain analysis labs, while others can carry deployable and stowable solar arrays, extra batteries, RTGs, 4k cameras, and high speed radio uplinks. The power nd comm units would set up and the science units would analyze the area, returning to charge and uplink high speed data. I could see teams of 10-12 cheap mass produced and redundant rovers being way more cost effective capable and adaptable than a single large rover.
We already have a few thousand bio-robots who'd be willing to make a one-way trip to Mars. Lets use them up first.
@@oldmandoinghighkicksonlyin1368 Nah, it's not worth it when you factor in the need for life support.
Hi, why dont we have a moon satelllite in extremly low orbit taking close up pictures, since there is no atmospheric drag at all? How low could you go before the moon becomes not round enough^^
Are the ice crusts of any of the ice moons thick enough to what it, to us on Earth, exotic forms of water ice? If your probe melts into exotic types of ice, how would this effect the performance of the probe?
Q: if there was a 100 solar mass back hole forming a binary system with the sun, how long would it take for the black hole to destroy it?
I can see, with any detail, the sun (w/filters) and the moon(ish) with my telescope. And that's about it. So, what Fraser says on how to approach spec'ing a telescope is SPOT on. Mine leans against the grandfather clock in my great room because it's not good for much else, despite its relative expense.
* Will the JWST be up and operational (should a rock not pass thru it or it not open) in time for the forecasted supernova (or is it red nova) next year?
Do we know the what first dozen missions will be yet?
Ty
When dropping the probe into Titan a few years ago, we accidentally had contaminated it with Cynobacteria - how long would it take before we would notice the change in atmosphere on Titan?
Wouldn't it be nice to send like 3 or 4 rovers, with different tools etc at once. Could it be possible if they were to all launch from nasa's future launch vehicle or even space x's starship? Wouldn't that then bring down the cost of launching these rovers? You could launch to two or more of the jovian moons at once.
"being cool and stops being exciting"
Does not compute. Being cool is always exciting.
Hey Fraser. Wouldn't the radioactivity of a Europa ice-melting probe powered by an RTG risk killing the very life that we're trying to search for? Or is it not that kind of radiation?
Is it possible to have binary planet systems in the way you have binary star systems? Could it be possible if they are close enough in mass that one is not distinguishably larger than the other?
In regards to melting through the Europa ice:
The ice is full of cracks, which means the ice is shifting.
If it takes a year to meld through the ice, and the ice shifts/cracks afterwards/meanwhile, wouldn't that brake the cable that connects the probe to the surface?
It might sever the cable. We should send 2 or 3.
Question: Do pulsars gradually align their rotational and magnetic axes, thus removing any remotely observed "pulsing".
I have to imagine that a powerful magnetic field being swept through the surrounding interstellar medium exerts a drag force on the rotating body which over time would cause either the spin axis to align with the internal magnetic axis (or vise versa)
Is there enough air pressure on Mars to make a rover that moves around the planet much like a tumbleweed?
I would think so: there's enough wind speed to whip up months-long dust storms, and those particulates can definitely exert a huge amount of force on any man-made object to blow it around the planet.
Cool idea for an explorer to cover a lot of distance if you can control it somehow. Maybe once you reach close to your destination you'd retract the windcatchers and throw an anchor down so it would stop moving while the dust storm passes over. Then when the wind dies down, pop out some wheels or poop out a helicopter drone like Ingenuity.
I think there are 2 ways to go with getting a robot through the ice of europa. A small RTG powered robot connected with an on board thin fiber optic to the surface. Or if the fiberoptic is too fragile use a steel armored tether Like ROVs use. Put a giant spool on the surface. Heat the whole tether powered by a small fission reactor like the Russians have put in orbit.
The fiber optic connected small robot is probably less crazy and much cheaper... but we send crazy things to the bottom of earths ocean all the time and it mostly works.
Why don’t launches with very expensive payloads like JWST use a launch escape system similar to human flights? It seems like it would make sense to “insure” multi-billion dollar spacecraft against the small, but consequential risk of launching.
Would James webb be able to detect Planet 9? What are some ways that we might be able to visually detect it. The odds of finding it, seem to be getting better and better. Sorry Pluto, you're still my bestie. :P
Question. Could Dark matter actually be the gravity of radiation?
Ok say they get a probe through all those kilometres of ice on Europa. What would they use to communicate from there? Regular radio transmission or something like extremely low frequency (ELF) used by submarines which has an abysmal transmission rate?
They leave a communications array on the surface and then spool out a wire as they descend through the ice.
We don't feel Earth's motion of orbiting the Sun, or it's spin. But, the stars around Sag A* are being moved VERY fast. Would they feel their orbits?
Question: Since the people live near massive object experience slower time. Do they see the universe is moving faster, or if they can see the background radiation, they will calculate the universe age difference than us?
Yes. No.
Sending a probe 10 km. down the ice crust of Europa: what kind of pressure would that probe experiment? I know it's less than the same depth on Earth, but it should be quite high. Also, how would that probe communicate with an orbiter through 10 km. of ice? A spool of cable would be too big to carry.
You can use a pretty thin fiber optic cable that freely spools out the back of the robot. since it will refreeze the ice will support the weight of the cable. Look up the HROV Nereus by woods hole (WHOI). It had a tiny super thin fiber like 15 km long packed in a fairly small spool. It worked for many deployments to the deepest parts of the ocean.
(I really really want some one to pay me to work on this)
I question whether a nuclear system is required for Europa. Solar power works just fine there; particularly if low mass/area aluminized mylar mirrors are used for solar power sats beaming power to the surface. Even at Jupiter solar masses a tiny fraction of nuclear - JIMO at 100 kg/KW and Kilopower at 150 kg/KW compared to solar PV at 4 kg/KW plus the mirror adding another 1 kg/KW for say 5 kg/KW or at least twenty times the power/mass of nuclear and it takes less energy to keep sats in orbit vs. landing a reactor. When the numbers are actually done beamed power for energy and propulsion is the future.
Before the discovery of the CMB, how old did scientists think the universe was and what was this figure based on?
The CMB was already predicted by the BBT before it was discovered, so scientist already guessed quite right before. The biggest rival of the BBT was the Steady State Theory which thought the universe existed and will exist eternaly without significant change.
Worth pointing out that a wheeled rover would not work on an asteroid, as there's not enough gravity for the wheels to get a grip. There's basically near zero tractive effort due to no downforce.
Once the probe melts through the ice, in your opinion, would it be better to have it just dangle in the water column or have the probe transition into a powered submarine?
The plan is that it would stop at the boundary, open up a compartment and release swimming bots to explore further.
Hey Fraser
when talking about junk moving at 28000 kph, isn't all the stuff orbiting earth moves at around that speed? so you only have to deal with the relative speed?
You would have to match the speed of each piece you want to grab. Each piece is moving different, different speeds, heights, inclination directions - All different. Like he said, you maybe able to launch a 100 million dollar satellite and get maybe a few pieces, but not many. Rendezvous with many pieces cost alot of fuel.
@@MrT------5743 got that, I was asking specifically about the speed difference, if the speed difference is 28K then it's a problem , but the question is what's the actual speed difference, and also, how big and expensive are the trash collectors? if they are not that heavy and expensive, can't you put a lot of them on a starship and get rid of a lot of junk in one launch?
@@idodekkers9165 I was talking about the speed difference. Once in orbit you are moving at 28,000 kph and some of that debris is going the opposite direction at 28,000 kph or 58,000 kph relative. You would have to match the speed of the thing you are wanting to grab.
Your second part, If you Launching a lot at once, that means they will all be deployed with approximately the same orbit. If you want a lot of junk removed, you would want them all going different directions, inclinations heights etc.
This is why laser based solutions is probably the better solution with the lowest cost.
Wouldn't this Europa melt-probe be just Insight's mole all over again? What if it encounters a rock that doesn't melt? Or is Europa's ice shell so pure, that this couldn't happen?
"There's only so much money for spacecraft." I've heard that my whole life. Well, if they weren't spending so much money on wars and eliminating poverty[TM], perhaps there might be more money for spacecraft missions.
There are NO undiscovered elements. The chart accounts for every single possibility for all naturally occurring elements. There are no gaps.
You've also gotta keep all those roboticists busy between missions or they'll bugger off to other companies and not be available when needed!
Given that "exceptional claims require exceptional proof," what is the standard that NASA will require to say definitively that Curiosity or Perseverance have discovered evidence of past or present life on Mars?
Is it possible to have two planets of nearly equal size orbiting each other that also orbit a star similar to the way Earth and the Moon orbit the Sun?
.
I’ve heard the all reasonable explanations for Oumuamua have been debunked leaving Aliens as a real possibility. Is this true and if not what is the most natural explanation and why?
No, there are plenty of perfectly reasonable explanations that haven't been disproven yet.
@@frasercain ok like what? It's not an asteroid, comet, hydrogen iceberg or a nitrogen iceberg. I think UFOs are silly but this one has me stumped?
@@frasercain the way I see it, its either a highly unusual object that we'll never see again, our laws of physics need updating or its Aliens. in any event this is an extremely important object to study. we should send a probe. the planets, moons and asteroids aren't going anywhere.
Q: If jupiters moons have vulcanism due to the tidal forces from jupiters gravity how come the same doesn´t go for mercury orbiting so close to the sun?
Mercury is a lot farther from the sun, at about 0.4 AU, than those moons are from Jupiter. Also, Mercury is tidally locked with the sun.
The medical value of finding life 2.0 could be enormous, so wiping it out if it exists on Mars would be bad...
It's kind of ironic that naming a spacecraft after an important scientist as an homage actually just taints their name with all the setbacks and misfortunes.
James Webb? You mean the outrageously expensive telescope which might not even make it?
Hubble? That mission didn't start so well, now did it? Oh you meant the astronomer?
I hope they don't rename the SLS as Jump Cannon or something even though it would suit a rocket quite well.
That is the good thing with the earth, I do not fall of the globe even if I drive a little fast
I’m in constant danger of falling off Earth when my speedometer reads 11.5 km/s.
Could a star close to a black hole be tidally locked to the black hole?
How can starship go to the moon or mars without a proper landing pad? The regolith would be forced back up into the engines upon landing and takeoff and risk catastrophic damage. Is there thought being given to this problem?
Another problem is the possibility that landing rockets will dig trenches in the surface turning a flat, smooth landing site into a boulder-strewn field just before landing.
The lunar Starship is envisioned with landing rockets more than half-way up the body. The exhaust from the landing rockets will be more widely dispersed and directed away from the landing legs.
In the long run some scheme has to be devised to pave landing sites. One fun idea is to inject some molten metals in the rocket exhaust to get the rocket to roughly consolidate the landing site.
They are most assuredly thinking about this problem. I saw somewhere that there is a liquid of some sort that could be dropped and it splashes out and combines with the regolith and hardens. Obviously there is issues with this solution as with many others. But they are working on solutions and I have no doubt they will come up with something.
It's definitely a concern. Not for the rocket itself, but because it pollutes the orbit of the Moon with debris to damage anything else in lunar orbit until the dust settles down. Yes, people have been thinking about it. One cool idea is that the lander will spray out material as it's landing that hardens on the surface and acts as an instant landing pad.
@@frasercain I think the solution of the spray that hardens I mentioned before your comment was from one of your previous videos.
Dude every question you answer I feel this compulsive need to argue you're answer! First if NASA adopted a modular based design for how these instruments are constructed bc let's not kid ourselves here these instruments are one offs built and engineered in a lab and tested tens of thousands of times before it even gets a slot on any rover! If NASA could adopt modular based designs what you're saying would be a thing of the past. Granted they'd all be unique in their own way due to the placement issues but none the less modular so you could pull it apart on Mars and put it back together in a different configuration. Which is the future if we ever plan on actually setting foot on the Martian surface! NASA has even said that they need more modular designs for vehicles that humans can drive around on mars. Bc should something break it's it's not like there's a mechanics shop around the corner or anything! I get that they happen irregularly so the march of progress stamps on and 10 years from today I'm sure the technology is going to be alot better but I'm talking more about design parameters for the instruments themselves. And also they would look more like each other if we could actually settle on a good power source that isn't solar. If we plan on actually exploring anything we won't always have the sun. DARPA and chipscale are inventing a chip size nuclear reactor and they already have one thats the size of a basketball that puts out enormous amounts of energy for it's size. So why are we still lugging around huge solar panels? It's funny instead of allowing NASA to use DARPA projects they made they made the stupid space force to utilize DARPA projects so NASA is stuck in the dark ages of tech while space force plays with futuristic reactors and mass reduction devices. Isn't NASA great! Oh and I'm no conspiracy nut the govt has admitted to all of the projects above and the basketball reactor they admitted works. So what gives?
The better question regarding James Web 2.0 is how much it would be if it's going up on starship and most of it would not need to fold?
Starship has not achieved orbit yet and James Web unfolded is bigger than starship's diameter.
@@MrT------5743 we are talking about 2.0, if they start building one now, we'll have both starship and neutron ready,
and I think the only thing that would not fit in starship would be the shield, and that could also be simplified if it's designed for 9 M instead of 3.6
@@idodekkers9165 So JWST 2.0 we would probably want to double maybe triple the size of 1.0 just like we did with Hubble. JWST 1.0 is already too big to fit in starship so double/triple definitely wouldn't fit.
Also it takes plans and funding etc to begin building something. Maybe we would want to see what we find with JWST first and plan it's successor after it is in space and not before?
@@MrT------5743 JWST is 6/5 meters so I imagine that other the the shied it would fit in starship, but for 2/0 I think they would probably use interferometry so it would be roughly the size of 1/0 but only 4 or 5 of those?
Question: If you could measure the trajectory of photons from the CMB, could you then determine the topology of the universe?
"Dark matter has to be something that isn't matter"
Scientists did themselves absolutely no favours naming that one!
I guess that the "Theory" of Evolution didn't teach them anything!
Scientific Theory and common usage of theory are not the same.
If there is not profit to be made from private space exploration, there is a lot of money to be made from government contracts for Blue Origin and SpaceX, though; US government is claimed to be far the biggest customer of SpaceX, with over 50 % of projected SpaceX income claimed to come from Pentagon, Nasa etc in the early 2020s.
Imagine if that junk-hunting laser shot down a secret spy satellite. I hope to read such headlines some day.
Electrodynamic tether spacecraft can solve space junk without fuel.
is it not better to use microwaves to heat and melt ice quick ?
Do we really believe that none of the rovers we've sent to Mars have any form of microorganisms on the surface? Are we being naive to think that we would be the first life forms to make it to Mars?
I don't believe in dark matter. Could it be that our instrumentation just doesn't have the capability to detect normal matter in certain conditions? I'm sure there are countless billions of objects floating around our galaxy that will continue to go undetected for a long time. Could the dark matter halos around galaxies simply be rogue planets and other objects that have been ejected into random orbits around the galaxies?
How come there are much more we do not see compared with what we see?
@@doncarlodivargas5497 Because a lot of the matter in the universe is very cold and thus avoids detection by our primitive instruments?
Thing is matter has predictable behaviours when it interacts with other matter. Mainly you know what you'll see when light shine on matter, and when matter collides with other matter. When galaxies collide you expect them to be either lighter than they actually are, or more high energy collisions that emit heat than you do see. So dark matter isn't ordinary matter, it doesn't interact electromagnetically.
It is a good thing dark matter does not care if you believe in it or not. There are people way smarter than you and I that have spent their whole lives thinking about and testing different things. If they do not know what dark matter is and they believe in it. I will trust their expertise.
I think you're misinterpreting it, no one really knows what it is but the effect it has is obviously detectable, it just so happens to be named dark matter for the time being even though it might not even be matter at all.
35:39 "hundreds of times a minute" You mean hundreds of time a second.
Well, hundreds of times a second is even more hundreds of times a minute.
Why do you believe we're alone in the Universe?
I thought space expands faster than the speed of light
At this rate we wont get there in our lifetimes Fraser, how old are you yourself already and how long have we all been waiting for it? If it isnt being built now then we'l never see it in our lifetimes.
Asking if life exists far off in the universe is pointless. we'd never be able to detect it so it might as well not exist. the only question that matters is.. " is there intelligent alien life in THIS galaxy". The answer to that could be no.
I'm surprised Elon Musk hasn't come up with some Rovers.
29:00 An end to need for cargo from Earth to space? No way. Future Martians will demand that their favorite products be delivered on time. Today's cargo carriers will buy and use Starships.
They'll be receiving the design plans digitally and then 3D printing them locally with Martian material.
Why would you want to send hundreds of rovers to Mars?
We're going to Mars whether we contaminate Mars or not. If we haven't contaminated Mars yet we will.🚀🚀🚀🚀🚀🚀🚀🚀🚀🚀🚀
If you had a trillion dollars to build just one megaproject for humanity, what would you choose?
A proper taxation agency that would get my fellow billionaires and trillionaires and I to pay our fair share. A society that is peppered by billionaires and trillionaires necessarily has a large portion of its population living in debt-driven desperation.
@Gravel Pit Panama Papers. Offshore banking. Loan manipulation.
The ultra rich and corporations do NOT pay their fair share.
So the James Webb Space Telescope can see the first light of the Universe. That's great, what else?
Maybe this topic isn't for you.
Seeing the first galaxies coming together answers so many questions about the earliest times in the Universe. But James Webb will also be able to measure the atmosphere of exoplanets and maybe even determine if there's life there. Beyond that, there are so many uses for a near-infrared space telescope with that size.
@@frasercain Thanks Fraser. I'm looking forward to the launch. It's interesting to think John C. Mather (the senior project scientist) has been working on it for about 25 years. Almost a lifetime's of work. Yet so much still has to go right. Let's hope it all goes to plan.
We are BARELY capable of studying the floor of our own ocean...