Delightful and Dangerous Liquids - with Mark Miodownik
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- čas přidán 19. 05. 2024
- From life sustaining water and powerful kerosene, to intoxicating wine and weird liquids soap, liquids are all around us and share some rather interesting characteristics with each other.
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Mark's new book "Liquid: The Delightful and Dangerous Substances That Flow Through Our Lives" is available to buy now: geni.us/vWpUJ
A series of glasses of transparent liquids is in front of you: but which will quench your thirst and which will kill you? And why? Why does one make us drunk, and another power a jumbo jet? Structured around a plane journey, Mark Miodownik explores the liquids that can bring death and destruction as well as wonder and fascination.
Watch the Q&A: • Q&A: Delightful and Da...
Mark Miodownik is a materials engineer and Professor of Materials and Society at UCL where he teaches and runs a research group. He presented in the 2010 CHRISTMAS LECTURES.
This talk and Q&A was filmed in the Ri on 18 January 2019.
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Airplane safety briefings are actually to save people's lives in edge cases. In fact, there's research showing that not only are the safety measures scientifically validated, but that people who read their safety brochures are more likely to survive in an emergency. Nothing might save you from a catastrophic mid-air explosion, but that's only one form of something unsafe happening.
As for the alcohol? Well, that's the pressure to make money.
I THINK he would be a hit in elementary schools across the country. He would have to tighten up his thought streams though.
Airplane seatbelts also help in heavy turbulence, you won't get thrown to the ceiling.
@@HighestRank You are welcome to try that experiment.
Phil president DU30 video news
@@HighestRank Same reasons we don't pad the dashboards in cars
And the oxygen masks are to help during any failure of the pressurization system, of which a 'crack in the fuselage' would be the least likely cause.
And statistically - that's the main reason.
4:40 Actually, you can lose cabin pressure without having a "crack" in the cabin.
These planes are not air tight. Air is constantly leaking out, but they can put more air in faster than it leaks out.
The pump air in via the engines. If that system fails the cabin will quickly lose pressure.
Depends how high they are too
Soooooo.... were you going to explain why 100ml was the limit? Orrrrr?
Watch the Q&A. He forgot about it but a child asks him and he answers it.
& what is wrong with liquid soap? Is 100+ ml of liquid soap even worse???
Well, I've listened too a lot of RI lectures, this may be one of the worse. It was bitty and he did not address the subject given in the title at all. There are so many demonstrations he could have used to make this topic work, pity. And kerosene burns with a smoky flame, all hydrocarbons do because the combustions is incomplete (unless you pump in large amounts of oxygen). He could have demonstrated alcohol burning, for example. So many opportunities missed in this presentation.
Thanks for saving me 56 minutes of my life
And Building #7 that fell on 911 wasn't hit by a plane; i.e. no kerosene.
@Stephen Morton Oh, don't get me wrong. The subject matter might be really interesting. But my leisure time is kinda limited, so I rather have my education also inspirational and entertaining.
If someone tells me "this is a crappy RI video", I will just skip to the next and learn something about machining, electronics or skateboarding.
I just watched the one entitled "Nanoscale Machines...", in which only 2 such molecules are discussed for a few minutes out of the hour. I'm not sure which talk I hated more.
Actually, the Al Razi he talks about, is famous in the middle east for discovering Alcohol, not kerosene.
According to this lecture, only three hundred people worldwide are using kerosene lamps today. 35:56
No, that is not what he said.
He probably meant to say 300 million, not just 300
@@erictaylor5462but it is exactly what he said. Probably not what he meant, nor the accurate truth, but it is what he said, none the less.
A bit of rehearsal would have made this a bit better.
11:06 he mimicked how some of us treat situations like we would treat fictitious person causing issues 😆 his humor throughout this talk is deceptively simple.
The bit at the beginning where the talk was about how the candles wick pulls the wax up is simply because it is dry and when the flame melts the wax, it absorbs it like a sponge and THEN pulls it up due to capillary action. I just thought it needed a bit more explanation. Please correct me if I’m mistaken or add something useful in the comments below.
Mohammad Aladwani The tip is almost always pre-covered in wax from the manufacturer, but other than that ... 👍.
@@iambiggus You don't need the wick to ve covered in wax. Just a common cotton thread will work just fine.
To OP: the wick is and is not a sponge. Both a sponge and a wick work by capillary action. That doesn't need for the media to be "dryer".
Also, have you ever prepared some tea using a tea bag? The threaded ones can, by capillary action, empty your mug if left unattended long enough. So, the thread starts dry, but then, even when saturated, capillary action still moves a liquid. Wax has a little more viscosity but in general it's the same result.
Place a small tiny drop of water on the liquid wax at the base of the wick when the wick is burning. It will take a few seconds maybe 10-30 before the water starts to climb the wick to the flame. It will it the flame and the flame with sputter until it eventually goes out. Voila. Water climbs the wick like the wax.
When I first began going to school, first grade, it was in a small one room schoolhouse atop a hill about 3 miles from the farm where I grew up. It had no running water, nor electrical power, but we had a crockery drinking water device with a push button tap on the bottom. For washing our hands, water was drawn from that tap into a wash pan and there was a chrome soap dispenser filled with a green liquid soap. It had a button on the bottom of the device, you pushed up on it, and a bit of green soap came out so you could wash your hands in the cool water from the crock. This was done, one student after another before we were allowed to retrieve our lunch pails from the back of the room under the blue benches that lined the back on either side of the door, which was in the middle of the wall. We didn't have much money so mom sent our lunches in lard pails for the first couple of years, then we got real black lunch pails with thermoses for our milk, or on cold winter days, some tomato soup, man that was great for lunch, tomato soup with mayonnaise sandwiches. This would have been around 1956 or so I guess, or perhaps a year earlier, I don't recall now, as it was so very long ago, God how I miss those days when all we had to worry about was the Russians bombing us with thermonuclear devices.
I remember the ‘50’s yes it was a wonderful time to grow up in.
Professor Miodownik is always smart and interesting. And very English-sportsman, in that he doesn't seem to work out his experiments beforehand, but just takes a whack at them when he's in front of the audience. A strip of metal foil would work more easily than a pin to show surface tension, and using the stand that the portable camera was already attached to(!) would be better to get a stable image of a candle flame.
All that said, I enjoy him and his thinking, I enjoy his foibles, and I hope he comes back soon.
You will be blown out not sucked out. The cabin pressure is greater than the outside air pressure.
There are many holes in this presentation and you’ve identified one glaringly obvious one.
This video should be called Querosene. Because he talks only about querosene. By the title you may think he will talk about various liquids and fluid mechanics, but he will talk about querosene, the history of querosene, the distillation of oil and the combustion of querosene.
Kerosene*
14:00, the macro camera work was horrendous, not a chance of seeing what he was trying to demonstrate.
Do people no longer practice their presentations before attempting to give them? I'm genuinely curious.
Just as with software, the user (viewer) has become the beta tester.
The belt is to restrain you in moderate and severe turbulence. Which can include solitary air current events. Secondly, it keeps passengers in their seat so the center of mass doesn't change during critical landing and takeoff maneuvers.
Most fuel is stored out in the wings, the fuselage tanks are the last filled and first to empty for structural reasons.
i freaking love youtube, i wake up and i am on a brand new RI lecture with 1008 views playing, 13 comments and 104 upvotes(and 9 down?!?? who the hell would vote a ri lecture down??) ready to watch
Have you watched it now? So you probably know why the downvotes. Probably the poorest ri lecture I've ever seen.
This lecture sucked sir. I suggest you watch other lecturers so you can accurately assess and compare the quality of this one.
THANK YOU... SIR...!!!
GREAT & PRACTICAL...!!!
I don't think I've ever seen them demonstrate the whistle on the life vest. Only the manual air tube for blowing up the vest.
He doesn't pay attention to the safety lecture. He thinks it's just a ceremony.
To be fair, you might not *want* to demonstrate the whistle inside the plane, unless you want to be sued by several passengers because it gave them or triggered their tinnitus.
One, this seemed to have very little to do with liquids. Two, I gave up when he couldn't get the pin to float. Not prepared for his own experiments. WTF with a handheld candle cam? You didn't know you were going to need a camera mount? Those poor folks in the audience gave up a Friday evening for this?
His problem with liquid soap is that people are bad at washing their hands so it gets wasted. I would contend that this is not actually a problem with liquid soap, but with people.
By that logic guns aren't the problem, people are.
@@kingklabe People don't know how to wash their hands properly. People do know how to shoot each other properly.
Still a problem with liquid soap too. They’re not mutually exclusive. Bar soap is miles more superior from a lather and coverage and time on skin perspective. That’s exactly why they started making soap dispensers that make the soap foam up when dispensed.
YES! Finally, the DEATH OF LIQUID SOAP!
43:50 Wax?!! WTF? Get your facts right. It's not like they are difficult to come by.
I cringed at that as well. It was actually a clay called kieselgur
Now I fear liquid soap even *_more_*... and I don't know *_why_*... Thanks for a cool video! :) 𝓽𝓪𝓿𝓲.
@@HighestRank replace plastic with metal.
Mr Miodownik states that aircraft seat belts are really only to restrain you when the plane loses cabin pressure. This is simply not true or they would make you wear them for the entire flight. Instead, you are made to wear them at takeoff and landing as those are the times a plane is most likely to crash. In those circumstances you're certainly not going 500 mph yet or at cruising altitude so the probability of a seat belt saving a live is much, much higher. In the event a plane does fall from a significant height, you still have a better chance with your seat belt than without. There is also no re4ason why that particular belt would not be suitable for a vehicle. Many cars have rear center lap belts. they latch the same way, just the method of unlatching is different.
I understand he's trying to illustrate a point, but one of the points of science is be truthful and find truth. This is bad advice to be telling people.
The airlines I've flown strongly encourage you to keep your seatbelts on at all times, partly because it is safer.
@@astaiannymph But that's for turbulence.
The suck a person through an opening has happened, but is extremely rare.
The takeoff and landing bit is for sudden control inputs, turbulance, taxi, and most notable: to keep the passengers from moving about and changing the center of mass during critical low speed and low altitude maneuvers.
With respect to the brilliant presenter, most of the fuel aircraft carry is in the wings. Some is carried in central tanks and other large aircraft store it elsewhere too. Most of the fuselage tube is given over to other things.
And he mentioned that fuel is also carried in the wings.
And he mentioned that fuel is also carried in the wings.
As a jet fuel supplier it is indeed in the fuselage to a varying degree. Wings can not hold thousands of gallons of fuel
That depends on the aircraft. The larger passenger jets do indeed contain thousands of pounds of fuel.
I just finished Marks book about liquids.
what's wrong with liquid soap?
@@Daz050571 detergents cause skin irritation, problems with rainforest biodiversity because of increased palm oil and coconut oil demand
Kerosene is still used by 300 people worldwide for their indoor lighting?
not one of the best lectures and a lot of unanswered questions and private opinions......
Oil isn't because of dino, it's because of micro organisms and high pressure and heat. That's been known for years now. The reason they know that is only rarely are bones found in tar pits and those are always younger than the tar pit.
Whale Oil beef hooked. 😅
LOL, underneath your seat is a 100,000 litres of querosene. That was my que. Professor?
Well, not trying to sound too critical but honestly this is a pale shadow of what A. Szydlo would cover in his lecture with his left hand.
18:50 There is a German saying: "Chemie ist wo es kracht und stinkt, Physik ist wo es nicht gelingt!" - "Chemistry is where it cracks and stinks, physics is where it doesn't work!" ;)
The most delightful and dangerous item in this presentation? That shirt.
We rely on them? That's an understatement, since we are mostly water.
I came here to see if I could use anything in my D&D game. Not sure if I found anything. A better place to look might be old episodes of "Brainiac". Especially their pranks.
they do sell kerosene at pumps the place is called air ports.
Way off topic but: Was that global oil production map made by a color blind person? Grey to aqua to blue to black were the spectrum of colors to denote the production levels of oil in the map. The map was mostly black! Awesome info graphic!!!
It's what's known as a chloropleth map, and it's a standard and informative way to represent that kind of data. It should use differing intensity of a single colour (they've taken a slightly liberty by using cyan as well).
One extra advantage is that they ARE more accessible to people with various types of colourblindness.
Not one of the better lectures or demonstrations I've seen from the RI, unfortunately. Quite a lot of time spent on uninformative diversions. I wouldn't really know even now what surface tension is. He doesn't seem to have designed or practiced his lecture very well. For instance, trying to show soot marks above a candle flame using a piece of paper isn't the most brilliant idea. He describes distilling crude oil in ancient times, surely he could have had actually demonstrated this with a real retort? And then burnt the kerosene? Where was the Argand lamp? Nor was the explanation of the Davey lamp particularly illuminating (deliberate pun) Mark is a materials engineer and has worked on alloys in jet engines, not sure why he's lecturing on kerosene, except it is a fuel for jet engines. .
This talk is the perfect example of experiments never agreeing with theory lol!
Hmmm.... all micro fibre textiles I've seen are all a bit aquafoob. You kinda need to press the water into the cloth.
I've also noticed that, water beads on them like a lotus effect. Also they melt easily, which is problematic for something sold as a dish towel.
Microfibre used to make trousers is designed to be hydrophobic like a lotus leaf. If you spill water on it, it runs off. Microfibre used to clean glasses has a mixture of fibers and will grab both oils and water more eagerly than the glass.
BTW, the hardest part about making hydrophobic clothes is how can you (eventually) wash it? Fascinating engineering: soap makes the fibers lay flat so the base cloth can get wet, and then heat (in the dryer) combs them up again.
TNT isn't made of nitroglycerin
I'm not sure if Mr. Miodownik knew, the fuel tanks in commercial jets are built into the wings spans. Even if this makes for a more exciting story, the aircraft today does NOT put the jet fuel directly underneath the passenger 🧐.
Maybe a correction in the description?
Most do have fuselage tanks under the passengers, however these are the last filled and first emptied for structural reasons. This applies to most planes not just transport category.
They do indeed
I am 7.43 in and he keeps rambling about airplanes in a funny way... I don't want to be blunt about it.
Following the Jaguar battery car advertisement.... Is this going to turn into an ad for British Airways...?
ok so part of why the towers fell is structural failure due to heating .... but that doesnt cover how the parts the fell to the ground turned into powder on the way down ... Kerosene is a strong fluid sure BUT it doesn't have the energy needed to powder steel and concrete and leave paper alone or wood ... or fuse wood into steel or leather into wood and leave NO BURN MARKS ... or have fires with no heat and no solid fuel consumption ...
Rudolph Diesel NEVER used any diesel fuel.... he used peanut oil in the design of his engines!
Actually he used a number of fuels including coal dust, peanut oil as a diesel-cycle fuel was primarily for demonstration.
As a teacher I have nightmares about not being properly prepared. I had to stop watching after about 15 minutes because it was too triggering.
Most of the fuel in most passenger aircraft is actually in the wings and tail.
May I interject for one second‽ in most cases the fuel is stored in the wings, and only a small amount is in the fuselage directly between the wings.
Thanks, I stopped watching to check the comments for this and to see if everyone else thought this lecture was terrible.. :(
I wonder where he thinks the luggage goes.
Five crooked candles covered his face, but he continued ... ahm... with a faster pace.
Vastly entertaining . . . thanks for posting, The Royal Institution!
The reason kerosene is more "powerful" (energy dense) than nitroglycerine is that kerosene does not come with its own oxygen.
Also, the safety ceremony has been enforced on ferries as well after major disasters.
@Stephen Morton It is shown that explosives carry their own oxygene, and it is stated that kerosene has a higher energy density.
That this is the reason is not clearly stated, sorry if I shared an obvious conclusion, but it was not trivial to me.
I suspect that self oxidizing rocket fuel is not as energy dense as kerosene, but that this is more than offset by not needing separate oxygen tanks.
@@57thorns rocket fuel (unless on solid form comes in 2 parts a fuel and an oxidiser. Kerosene in a very pure form is used as a rocket fuel.
He did not mention that kerosene when mixed with Ammonium Nitrate is 3x more powerful than TNT and is used in open cast mining to blow down huge walls of hard rock so it can be dug out and moved.
They drill holes the drop in bags of Ammonium nitrate in hessian type bags. Then pour in a quantity of thick Kerosene (similar to gas oil or Diesel as we know it) pop in a detonator and pack the top with clay.
The resulting explosion has a characteristic black smoke if they get over enthusiastic with the oil.
If there is high ground water or its raining they use long thin plastic bags and premix before dropping into the holes.
@@HighestRank
What?
Energy density is not dependent on self-ignition, plus kerosene does auto-ignite at 220 degrees Celsius (to the great relief of diesel vehicle owners everywhere ).
What makes you think kerosene (or any other fuel) is "stable"?
I believe aircraft store fuel in the wings and not under the seats.
its stored both in the fuselage and in the wings,ofc its more complicated than that but thats the essence of it.
Love it! Awesome job!
The liquids aspect of the presentation is good, but the statements regarding air safety and the "ceremony" surrounding preflight briefings are ridiculous. If the presenter were involved in general aviation, he'd know that a big part of taking passengers aboard even a Cessna 172 for a recreational flight involves preflight briefing such that EVERYONE knows what is expected when a non-trivial event occurs. We all need to know how to respond to significant events. The greater our pre-event understanding of processes to take place, the less likely we are to further compromise the ability of the collective to survive the event. Fire in a cabin HAPPENS, so knowing where the exits are and how to use them is important. Ditching into water HAPPENS, so it's important to know how to don a life vest and exit the the aircraft safely. Turbulence HAPPENS, so it's important to stay belted into the seat to avoid injury. While air crashes can be massively fatal when they do happen, the greater percentage of "mayday" events end without fatality or even injury. And the primary reason for this is training of crew to the extent that memory items for emergencies are not overlooked and are executed with timely precision. Overall, this is one of the poorer presentations I've seen on the channel.
@Floyd Barber I don't think so. The presenter did a credible job of misrepresenting aviation safety by poo-pooing the viability of safety belts and life vests as risk mitigation devices. The guy should stick to what he knows. Aviation isn't what he knows.
RI this needs some polishing it also should not be called "liquids..." it should be "this particular liquid"
That seatbelt will keep you from bouncing off the ceiling in turbulence.
4:00 begin George Carlin standup
"What's the deal with airline food anyway?"
Mr Materials
The Davey lamp allowed miners to dig ever more dangerous "damp" mines. Developed for safety they quickly created further danger. Shame.
In mines the deeper you go the more likely gasses are to seep out from the strata.
In mining damp is not a reference to how wet it is. In mining nomenclature Damp is what gases or vapours are known as. Black Damp, White Damp, Fire Damp, Stink Damp.
Fire Damp is Methane gas. The Davey safety lamp is a flame that is separated from the external environment by a casing and a couple of fine meshes, to allow for atmospheric exchange within the lamp. Methane obviously needs Oxygen to combust, the depending on the relative ratios, it can either burn or explode. In the lamp one can observe the flame, if the flame becomes bigger, it means there is methane in the atmosphere at combustion levels, there is a combustion ratio either side of the optimum ratio. At the optimum ratio it explodes, or combusts very fast. This small contained explosion in the lamp is not allowed to get to the out side due to the meshes. They have the effect o sapping the energy from the explosion so that not enough heat remains to ignite any gases outside of the lamp.
They really are not designed for illumination purposes.
I'm not t all sure what dangers they created though. What would they be?
Such critical comments. I'm glad I'm not a public figure. I would be distilled and burned on the reg.
7:22.. I took your advice and only took 100ml of Nitroglycerine in my hand luggage... They wouldn't let me on the flight anyway!
Yeah.. What was that about. What airline is allowing any amount of nitroglycerin?
Actually, the chances of survival today in a plane crash are significantly better than 50:50.
So why am I watching a one man show about airplane security?
wow this would not even be ok for teens
why do small planes have shoulder belts
Thank you. it is always nice to listen to a real scientist sharing their knowledge. not the fictional fairy tail talkers who created crazy current model of space and matter. Ferydoon Shirazi. MG1
Let me ask you a question, which has a higher carbon footprint, an airplane full of people, or those same people travelling to the same destination by car?
Please use a stand for your camera ALL the time. That candle quick demonstration was very frustrating to watch. Yet the camera was actually in a stand immediately before the demonstration. 🤷♂️
common steel looses >90% of its strenght at 800 C compared to 20C
just saying
Seems like this guy couldn't reaaly made up his mind on "what is going to be the subject of my lecture" - or maybe there were TWO bottles of wine shortly before commencement of that presentation, but only one made it to the end of it...
And I used to think Andrew Szydlo is the most chaotic lecturer on RI channel... Well, one learns throughout his entire life...
Next time, give the man 3 hours to talk, interresting subjects, some not, but not like this.
He is exactly the professor I fired. His degree was in computer science, but he wouldn't shut up about politics.
Vacuums don't suck
on an airport you are not alowd with liquids, but you can buy after security all sorts of liquids ...... because democracy and commerce
Quite a philosophical fellow. The human condition really is a funny old thing.
He forgot tell us about Parafin
Learn that you smack to pause and STOP IT. Third video in a row.
Please explain the collapse of Building 7 without any kerosene...
Any one feel like 👉🏽🤨 for the first portion of this talk?
It appears the demonstrator never practiced his routine.
I usually dig everything from the RI, but this lecture was just a waste of time in my opinion.
Going out on too many tangents, this talk has more loose ends than a pot of spaghetti.
Co-Op 1999 Vintage or price? LOL
A for effort. then,
Is Glass a Liquid?
yes
@@fredricknietzsche7316 No it's not.
It's definitely not. Materials scientists like Miodownik are unanimous about this. It's what's called an amorphous solid - the atoms have no regular structure, unlike a crystal. This is similar to viscous liquids like bitumen, but the atoms are not able to move, so it is a bona fide solid.
The evidence that old glass window panes are thicker at the b bottom appears to be because they were deliberately installed that way lest they be top-heavy. The fact that centuries-old glass vases haven't slowly slumped into a heap shows that the material isn't flowing.
47:00 Three towers went down that day.
Welp, guess I'm never flying again
no the bugs walking on water and the plants use is calle the lindeinfrost effect.
hes wrong about that.
It's not the Leidenfrost effect - that relies on a large difference in temperature.
@7:00 …finally talks about a liquid, briefly….sigh.
Fake news. The kerosene is stored in the wings not under my ass! This guys kinda awesome
You are no Feinman
I always get a religious feeling whenever a very cute flight attendant does the ceremony
Huh??? Word-Salade.
Get this guy an assistant for God's sake!
HAHAHAHAHA
maybe we should get him a speaker and let him assist?
not sucked out , dragged and pushed same as a water flow
@@HighestRank your funny in a non funny way
The five "P"s - Proper Preparation Prevents Poor Performance. Mark is normally better than this. Also, at, 44:11 Dynamite and TNT aren't the same stuff at all - dynamite is based on nitroglycerine and TNT is trinitrotoluene.
I couldn't agree with you more. In addition, it seems he was more interested in being coy and humorous than presenting a solid talk.