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What is Fascism? | World History Project
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- čas přidán 21. 11. 2019
- This video examines fascism’s defining characteristics. Fascism rose most prominently in Italy and Germany between the two world wars. Benito Mussolini rose to power as a fascist in the 1920s. His movement violently seized power and defined the Italian nation in racial terms. This example was soon followed by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party, which seized power in Germany in the 1930s. Utilizing extreme forms of nationalism, these leaders pushed their citizens to expel or murder those deemed an enemy of the state. The video compares these examples with the KKK in the United States.
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For some reason, the wording in this video and the way she's explaining things makes me feel like she's my estranged relative who is explaining this to seven-year-old me at a Christmas party.
its how slow she speaks... in 1.25 it sounds normal
Slow is good. Many, many people on CZcams speak so quickly, and without the proper inflections, that’s their words are misunderstood or missed altogether.
I had to speed this up to 1.25 to make it bearable.
Idk if this is your genuine speaking style, or if you are doing it for dramatic reasons (to add emotion to, or emphasize the seriousness of...) but, it was so slow at times.
Its good information though, thats why I didnt leave/stop watching.
Slowly and clearly, and I think, effectively.
These videos are created for 12 to 18-year-olds, just like Khan Academy... many of the children use these channels as their primary source of education and English is not their first language or at least with the accent, would be challenging to comprehend. I'd imagine she's using emphasis because these are the more important details. I thought it was great.
Mussolini's Fascism didn't have that racist element. Only later did the National Socialists pressure them to adopt anti-Semitic policies, which they didn't enforce strictly.
Correct me if I’m wrong but didn’t Mussolini have an issue with Ethiopian immigrants? That seems a bit racist to me
@@generalolive9197 Didn't realize Ethiopian was a race. Sounds more like what happened between Italy and Ethiopia was about land grabbing.
What they had, very distinctly was a fervent belief in the cultural superiority of the Italian culture. That was justification for everything. No he was not as focused on bogus and invented race theories and anti-semitism that drover Hitler's rise. But belief in your own ethnicity's superiority to justify suppressing and invading countries in Africa is not exactly what we would today consider not having "that racist element".
@@marshhen Didn't he have a Jewish mistress? Not sure how ethnically superior he thought he was if he did.
Nothing about Giovanni Gentile? Hmm.
Thank you for this video. I always confuse authoritarianism and fascism.
as in, authoritarianism isnt necessarily fascism but fascism is always authoritarian?
@@MutenRoscher
yes
fascism always includes violence against "outsiders" within a country, based on race, nationality, ethnicity, language, etc. authoritarianism does not hold the same pattern
the right and the left should not exist, we need to fluctuate between ideas according to the situation and context. not use 1 system for everything. It's easy to do the thing that seems right and it's hard to analyze and study if something is actually right. do the hard thing.
That’s Literally fascism
People differ, and politicians ride that wave of difference.
@Maxwell Fenstermaker Yet, even as one who, while in France, was against our Constitution as written, realized it's strengths as time passed. A framework for govt, to control govt.
Yes, the extreme left and the extreme right want the same thing. the money and means of production in the hands of the elite, whether a junta or a politburo, and the proles reduced to serfdom. Under socialism like they had in the USSR and still in North Korea the poor couldn't even leave without risking their lives or probably a longer protracted death in prison.
Bro, communism was way more damaging.
As an ideology 100% no
Communisms end goal is equality
Fascisms goal is endless war
@@elbownio5820 yes but communism according to marxist ideology needs to centralize the means of production by a transitional, progressive and "Democratic" government (like the one tried in Chile, who obviously failed) or directly by a violent revolution like the one that happened on the USSR, China, Camboya, North Korea, etc.
Fascism in the other hand is a reactionary but also a romantic, nostalgic and collectivist ideology whose roots came from French Revolution (in the USA with the Civil War ) after the Red Terror period caused by the Jacobins (the ancesters of marxist-leninists aka communists) another group called ultramontanists persecuted the left on the white terror and tried to reinstalled the absolut monarchy (instead to moderate righters who only wanted a constitutional monarchy), fortunately the reign didn't last too much, but the spirit of fascism was born here. Modern Fascism advocates to national and social control of the state and its members which share a common origin, and the state needs to prosecute and eliminate anyone who's oppose the regiment or doesn't apply to the its necessities has to be eliminated and also the cult of personality to the great líder and savior (some of these things are common characteristics on fascists but also on communists regiments).
Another thing in defense to fascism is that it's not synonym of totalitarianism... It's antidemocratic but but necessarily totalitarian or autoritarian in the same level like Italian or German one, an example of this was Peronist regiment in Argentina which wasn't didn't prosecute and kill ethnic minority groups or people in general on the same level like in Europe it was a still form of fascism or "third-positionist" regiment that rejected capitalism and communism advocating for a mixed economy form of national-socialism.
@@pavelm.gonzalez8608 ok, nice history lesson.
What's your point?
Fascism necessitates genocide.
Communism doesn't.
@@elbownio5820 In order to achieve a communist state with equality you have to fight wars, commit mass genocide, purges, starve people to death, and throw resisters in work camps.
@@elbownio5820 youre an idiot.
video starts at 2:52
Thx
@@Capytalistbara_edits Fascist.
And a bit misleading to characterize it as a capitalistic system when it was made abundantly clear how statist, and centralized, it was.
I think they assume the word corporation meant the same in Italy under fascism as it does in the west today. Which is not the case.
@@philipbotha6718 Something that was recently pointed out to me is how corporations are socialistic because they are publicly, not privately, owned.
@@seramarama2132 Yes, public corporations can be, to a degree, consider socialistic. Nothing stopping the workers from owning the shares in the corporation in which they are employed. There, one way a Marxist revolution can be done peacefully.
@@philipbotha6718 And with any socialistic measures, state intervention in markets is involved, which always creates distortions.
SHE is dumb...we have statism today with global corporate structures..globalism is statism to the nth degree
Y'all should read Paul Gottfried's book on Fascism instead of being impressed by such clumsy propaganda. There is very little that binds National Socialism & Italian Fascism together. E.g. the problem of race is not a major concern to Mussolini.
Yes, they mistakenly bind fascism and racism nowadays. Racism is just an element of national socialism but other fascist movements are not anti semitic nor heavily focused on racial issues.
Exactly, replace ethno nationalism with a diversity pushed Globalism that demonize the majority by using a bigoted racist demonized claim that the majority within every demographic is inherently privileged and suppressors. They're the Fascists and it's known as Globalist socio-fascism.
"This is America" --Gambino Glover
Fascism is just national syndaclism with a philosophy of actualism. From Gentile himself
Yes
wrong
syndicalism was forbidden under fascism ...
@@jean-louispech4921 You are a very laughable fool. I am a Fascist and a syndicalist myself. And read the book of Mario Palmieri: Philosophy of Fascism.
Germany was NOT a fascist state, it was national socialist, a total different animal to what was in Italy.
Fascism in Italy wasn't racist or anti-Semitic from 1922-1938. Indeed a great number of Jews held high office in Mussolini's fascist party. It changed in 1938 when Mussolini was licking Hitler's boots who demanded he introduce anti-Jewish legislation.
Both movements were socialist, and although this woman claims they worked hand in hand with private industry, this is wrong! They both took over control of the means of production, Hitler even removing the terms Employer and Employee, replacing them with Leader and Follower.
Who set up the KKK? Anyone..? Did you see the Republican Party? Well it was the Democrats who did it, after they lost their slaves, freed by the blood of Republicans spilt on the battlefields of the American Civil War.
This video is a lot of nonsense, but it toes the left wing line, so obviously it's all good.
you are a liar, it is a common knowledge that fascist and nazis worked and in hand with private corporations.
And anybody knowing what is socialism knows that fascism and nazism are anti socialists.
They were killing socialists!!!!!!
@@jean-louispech4921 Horseshit! You only have to look at what happened to Hugo Junkers when he didn't fit in with the nazi creed, to see it's YOU that the lying son-of-a...
@@Warriorking.1963
What you say can't change facts about the relation between big corporates and nazism and fascism.
What about all the socialists and union leaders qssassinated?
@@Warriorking.1963
You can say what you want nazism and fascism were the far right parties dominant at this time.
Heu wake up nazis and fascists were self identified as far right and were hating socialism because it is egalitarian.
You spread ignorance.
@@jean-louispech4921 Nope, you can try to twist the facts until you're blue in the face, but once the nazis came to power, they enabled their full socialist agenda.
You then try to use the murders of socialist rivals as proof the nazis weren't socialist. However that happened because the victims were more in keeping with marxism, which was an internationalist movement unlike national socialism, which believed in Berlin being in control.
We can spend all Christmas arguing about this, but why don't you get a few books on the subject and read those instead?
A lot of this definition, & text book historical explanation to what Fascism was or means, can also be applied to Marxism-Socialism-Communism as well if you just trade boogey men from whoever the Fascist groups demonize (socialists, the bankers, pacifists in the case of Mussolini, or the Jews in the case of Hitler) to that of class/race/gender or the money endowed Bourgeoisie/Imperialists really you get the very same thing. They are differing sides of the same tyrannical coin.
Mussolini and Hitler were on the cover of TIME Magazine. Real charmers.
This video defines Facism using Mussolini's Italy and Nazi Germany then claims that other "so called" Facist regimes have been mis-categorized, but what's the basis for this argument?
Excellent definition, examples, and distinctions.
You have conflated issues that lie outside of the definition of Fascism.
1:54 hm doesnt that sound somewhat familiar.
Is America heading towards Fascism? We seem to be going in a dangerous direction.
Sounds great 👍🏻 Where do I sign up. 🤤
erm🌚
I am anti-fascism and proud Adwa Victory Africa Exellent!!!!ፀረ ፋሺዝም እና ኩሩ አድዋ ድል አፍሪካ Exellent ነኝ!!!!
The supposed anti-fascists in the United States are the actual fascists. A Globalist form of socio-fascism has gripped the western nations. But we're watching the national populist rise across the western nations to combat the Globalist socio-fascists.
Fascism will really never return to the world scene again, it died a horrible death in 1945 many times justifiably so. It was also a product of WW1's outcome. Fascism in the 1920's & 30's was one of the most popular forms of government from Italy, to Spain, then a more violent ugly militant form in Germany with Hitler, but it also had a smaller following in the UK, France, & some popularity in the US with FDR's Democrat Party New Deal basically copied a lot from Mussolini's Italian Fascist plans. The KKK in the US has NOTHING to do with Fascism, it was an ugly post Civil War guerilla & political reactionary group that formed, died off or was killed off, then came back again at different periods of American Southern history only to die off forever long term in the 1970s.
So, Fascist=haters
In todays terms😂
Take care
One thing I think could have been mentioned is that fascists will eagerly advocate for less state power in a non-fascist country if it means benefitting them.
Franco working with Landowners is not an argument against fascism among those presented. Fascists (same as monarchies and modern day Britain) did historically because it's a power structure to use in housing.
It would also be neat to emphasize that fascists will call themselves anything up to and including even things like "centrist" and "classical liberal" in order to avoid the bad naming rep that comes with fascism. This, for all practical interactions when looking at people in political affiliation terms, creates an uncertainty which in itself will serve as an additional tool to exploit. Different youtubers like maybe PhilosophyTube or for instance Contrapoints have done great videos on this less in historical context but more in contemporary usage.
@@carltonhanks4020 Poor anarchists getting humiliated by fascists and tankies
Perfectly explains all the "woke" groups of today.
I love how you could watch an entire video about what is and isnt fascism and still made such a delusional misguided comment hahahahahaha
You didn’t watch the video.
@@timbuktu777
no, this is in the video, wokism share a lot of common points with fascism , like it is defined in the video.
This is the same mentality, this is why wokes are obsessed by identity like fascists and nazis, or other far right ideologies.
Wokes are left wing, only because they claim so , not on the apolitical analysis level.
@@redbehnke6615 social studies has created a warped version of fascism that is idealistic...The propaganda against the German people is that extreme that it still reverberates in time and space today.
@@redbehnke6615
in the list of characteristics of fascism, you have defining features of the wokes....
What this video forgets to mention is that times change. What fascism was in the first half of the nineteenth century isn't what it is today, fascism has been broken down throughout almost all political spectrum's, like the quote from Robert O'paxton said: 'obsessive preoccupation with community decline, humiliation or victim-hood' sounds a lot like the left today, while other parts of that quote belong to the right..
To summarize what I'm trying to say: don't copy paste events from history to the present day, societies may do similar things throughout history, but it'll never be exactly the same..
phoenixkhost she literally said all of that.
Fascism is the literal opposite of the left. This is true historically and even in the modern day. Present fascist organizations and online message boards throughout Europe and the United States claim national pride, military might and argue that the left and multiculturalism and internationalism are destroying their respective nations. This is part of the othering process that was discussed in the video. The left does not do this. Only the right. That does not mean that everyone on the right is fascist. Only the nationalists and particular the white nationalists. That also doesn’t mean that the left doesn’t have it’s own problems nor that they haven’t had authoritarian regimes that cause mass atrocities. But it does mean that those on the left did not do it under the guise of fascism but instead a generic form of authoritarianism and dictatorship.
Fascism usually forms as a reaction to the left
Nasty Cupid “ all political spectrum’s” ?
While correct that you can attribute certain parts of the definition to certain other movement, I think that misses the point of the video. Fascism is a distinct movement that encaptulates the whole definition, while (as mentioned) other more broad definitions better describe other movements, such as our modern left and right
Nazism is not fascism. They are two very different ideologies. Read Mein Kampf and Gentile.
Definitions being used is also wishwash nonsensical. Fascism was national syndicalism, a form of socialism. Unless you realize that you will never understand how fascism worked.
HITLER ABANDONED SOCIALISM WHEN HE WAS IN PRISON. Stop the disinformation and stop trying to use this for political purposes.
@@marshhen No he didn't, you are just not understanding the difference between classic socialism and marxism. National socialism was socialism for a certain race, the volksgemeinschaft, other races not included.
Nazi-Germany introduced unprecedented worker rights through german labour front.
Reduced unemployment from 30% to almost zero through enormous public spending.
Abolished private propertyrights in 1933 with reichstag fire decree.
Confiscated private businesses to a large extent, both jewish and germanowned, all they meant didnt support the doctrine of the nazi party.
They introduced wage and pricecontrol.
THIS IS SOCIALISM. To think anything else just because they were opposed to the internationalism and class warfare of marxism is simply ignorant.
well fascism and nazism share the major ideological trends with local variations, of far right totalitarian nationalism.
And by saying that fascism is a socialism you show your ignorance about what is fascism, how fascism has worked.
@@Niconogood
total bullshit.
@@jean-louispech4921 I've literally explained you point by point why national socialism was indeed socialism. How about you use that day old brain of yours to do some research on this and acquire some actual knowledge, instead of spewing out ignorant nonsense.
Calling nazism far-right has also nothing to do with capitalism, it was just something leftist intellectuals came up with in the 60s trying to link liberalism and nazism both to social darwinism, which in itself is pretty senseless as the darwinism in liberalism is on the individual, while the darwinism in nazism was collectively for the race.
hi sophie abnd fern
AVOID FASCIST 666.
Excellent !
This is an extraordinarily poor definition of a clearly defined philosophy that the actual Fascists held. She's ignoring what they said and focused on what they did. Understandable, but very flawed thinking. This is spin with just enough to sound plausible. Be skeptical. It sounds like a modern Marxist interpretation.
Regardless, the Nazis and Fascists started out as socialists who rejected internationalism, and class devide for identity groupings. They were all basically revolutionaries, who were bent on and did kill, rob, dictate, without leaving their tribes able to do anything, but obey, just as the Soviets, Maoists, etc.
You have just done the exact thing you accuse her of doing. I think I am going to trust a professional academic with a phd and a few decades of study, research and teaching over your random thoughts.
@@marshhen I suggest you read Mein Kampf and the doctrine of fascism and also how the economies and governing within these ideologies actually worked before you go out on the internet and attack people that are clearly more knowledgable on the subject than yourself.
blatant liar knowing nothing about fascism ans socialism.
Your definitions are not poor they are wrong.
You sound like any ignorant American without any knowledge about the politic on Europe, just reading bad sources on internet.
You definition of fascism as socialist is just dumb, because the class division and the internationalism is the core of socialism, and because socialism is a left wing ideology while fascism and nazism are far right ideologies, and this si why they made war in spain each against others.
You are so ignorant that you can understand that the central point of fascism is about the treatment of workers on political, an,d economical level, and peoples with a brain can see that fascism is agaisnt the purpose of socialism and then is not socialism but enemy of socialsim.
@@Niconogood
yes look that hitler does not share the same world view than socialists like Marx, Engels, Owen, Leroux, Bakunin, etc....
yes look how workers had no rights, no power , strike and free unions forbidden, under fascism and nazism.
llok at all the big capitalists supporting hitler, like the bush family, messershchmidt, krupp, etc....
And then realize that nazism has nothing to do with socialism but is its antagonist.
you go on internet attak people with better knowledge of the subject than you., for defending silly false claim.
@@jean-louispech4921 Socialism preceded marxism. Marxism, nazism and fascism are all interpretations of the original socialism, what Marx called utopian socialism.
Hitler nationalized unions under the german labour front. The same thing they did in USSR and any other socialist regime.
Hitler wanted to socialize the people, and didnt want a class struggle. He did abandon private propertyrights with the reichstag firedecree in 1933, but allowed it as long as they followed the instructions by the nazi regime. Dissident capitalists, like ie. Hugo Junkers got their assets categorically confiscated and either nationalized or sold to party-loyalists.
Phd yet doesn't know the difference between facism and national socialism
Relying on Paxton to define Fascism is laughable. His area of study is Vichy France, not Italy Knorr Germany. If you had any real intent to portray history you would rely on the writing of the late James Gregor, the leading expert on fascism.
Paxton graduated from Washington & Lee University, got his (Rhodes Scholarship) masters from Oxford University and PhD from Harvard. He then became a professor at UC Berkeley and then Columbia. YEAH.... HE'S AN IDIOT!!! LOL!!!!
Gregor misdefined and made excuses for fascism. He was also a founder of International Association for the Advancement of Ethnology and Eugenics (IAAEE) which was funded by segregationists and opposed the civil rights movement.
Holy mental gymnastics
only apply to peoples who claim that fascism is socialism.
@@jean-louispech4921 National SOCIALIST German Workers party... they literally advertised it in the name lmao. Not one in the same, but faciasts do indeed tend to be socialists.
@@tannercroft5024
you believe in advertise ?
lol your think like a child.
adult peoples think by political analysis.
And on the political analysis the only thing that left from the label is : national(ist) and german, the rest is just for the advertising.
Because socialism is about political collective power and economic collective power (with workers involved or at worst controlling ).
Democracy is a political collective power, dictatorship, no, then , on political power it can't be socialist, they are anti socialist in fact.
But more important because fascism and nazism are dictatorship, their power on the state , and the economy by the state is not collective, , and worst workers are rejected from the power, they don'"t have any control, because they have no right in the enterprises, then they are no socialists, they are anti socialist.
Nor stalinism or maoism, etc... fit with the definition of socialism, on the other hand. Totalitarians regimes were using the label socialist or communist just for the propaganda, because they wanted to make believe that they were for the poepels, the workers, while in practice it is not the case. When you use your intelligence, and the critic spirit that goes with it you realize that.
Then al what you say is wrong.
Be smart and use critical spirit against propaganda of totalitarians regimes. You can say that you are against this regimes and drink their speech .
POV: you’re here the day Jan 20th 2021
Sounds like Trump...BYE BYE DONNIE!
@@plants4thewin in what ways?
A 'difficult subject'? The 'most explosive' ideology of the 20th century? What about marxism-leninism, which had far longer-lasting impact, especially in DEVELOPING countries? Don't they matter, or are we to stay with the good old 'eurocentric' approach?
At first I expected a rant consisting of careless overgeneralizations. Random samplings gave a more mixed impression. Sometimes I thought her definitions too neat and tidy.
Are we afraid that a more fulsome discussion might 'encourage' revival of the phenomenon?
We do not need to justify OTHER false idols by comparison with it.
(Romans 1:18)
'FOR THE WRATH OF GOD IS REVEALED FROM HEAVEN AGAINST ALL UNGODLINESS AND UNRIGHTEOUSNESS OF MEN WHO SUPPRESS THE TRUTH IN UNRIGHTEOUSNESS.'
Wow. Describes Democratic Socialism perfectly.
@Humanity Galatica Oh yeah?. How so?
@Humanity Galatica So both want control, but one promises a say in how they will control you, while the other offers no say at all?
@@candorsspot2775
dumb peoples can't understand that a democratic ideology and a dictatorship ideology can't be the same ideology but are antagonists.
Then you are dumb.
@@candorsspot2775
how fascism and democratic socialism can be the same?
fascism is for democratic power?
fascism give the economic power under the control of the collective of workers?
fascism is internationalist?
fascism is for right of women?
fascism promote peace above war?
fascism is for abolition of death sentence?
If the answer is no, then what you say is just dumb.
@@jean-louispech4921 First, you can have fascism of the majority. The majority can vote to oppress the minority. But socialism is the state owning the means of production, which will ultimately mean govt controlling the masses and even when socialists are voting in, they generally can't be voted out. Look at Venezuela as an example. Just fake elections.
Wrong again. All of those political names: fascism socialism, capitalism, monarchism, religiosity, cultism, barbarism or anything else you can think of are about banking schemes.
wrong.
there are objectives tools for differentiate all of them, when we rare not ignorant or limited.