Bullets HITTING Bullets in Slow Motion - THE IMPOSSIBLE SHOT - Smarter Every Day 287
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- čas přidán 9. 06. 2023
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Destin - Věda a technologie
Well.... the specifics of how to accomplish this have been in my head since 2017. I'm very excited to finally share it with you. I'm grateful to everyone who supports Smarter Every Day on Patreon. You make long-term planning things like this and the baseball cannon possible! Here's the link if you'd like to join our sticker team: www.patreon.com/smartereveryday
Also, as promised, here's the link too the email list! www.smartereveryday.com/email-list
I don't spam you. I just send out an email every time I upload. Thanks for your consideration!
Don't Read My Profile Picture bot 🤖
"intellectual humility" is a term id never heard before. but as soon as I did I knew that if I have developed any of it, I only have your videos to thank for it.
AFFORDABLE particle accelerator
THANK YOU for addressing the safety in an interesting way!
When the two bullets perfectly hit each other it looks like your shot a single bullet into the worlds strongest mirror. Insane.
when an unstoppable force meets an unstoppable force.
now we also need an immovable object to meet an immovable object.
or like having an impenetrable piece of glass seperating both.
It just levitated and rethought it's place in space and time
I commented years ago challenging you guys (collective youtube makers) try to make an anti sniper shield using high speed cameras, or however might be possible
Now make a robot do it.
I had two opposing molars out under surgery yesterday and I chose this video to watch, and I swear my pain has turned to elation. Thank you for using bullets for their best purpose. Keep safe and brush your teeth regularly.
Just wanna say how wonderful the subtitles are.
Not only correctly subtitling but also adding information for tone or silences.
It's always a pleasure to see them be as high-quality as they are here
The subtitles added to the enjoyment, tysm!!
My brain is SOOOO happy right now!!! That was truly intellectually amazing. If you stop the video in short bits from 22:19 to 22:20, its actually looks like a flower blooming on a sunny morning. I am hooked on your channel from now on. Thanks to all of you for that intellectual, scientific and technological ''tour de force''. Must of watched it 100 times. Joe
nerddddddddd
ty for letting me skip 35 minutes of video 😂🫶
The glancing collision at 15:58 is really cool. Good thing you set up those bullet shields! Also fun to see them spinning.
Thanks for saving time
Can I just say, I love watching your videos with captions on because they are so entertaining. 😂 The descriptions are also so detailed; I love that you've obviously put time into writing them, and I really appreciate it. They're an element of the experience that makes it even better.
Yes!! I was just about to comment that, it’s so impressive just how detailed they are!
Really appreciate how you name the people involved and describe how they contributed to making this crazy thing happen!
I like your content
most people dont care.
@DarkShadowsX5 Yeah but he does!
@DarkShadowsX5 yea but we all do but you and plus we didn’t ask +ratio + l bozo + durk better + this is you 🤓
@DarkShadowsX5🤓
Hey Destin, you and your team made an amazing job of thinking through to even the smallest details to make this video amazingly interesting. Each of your videos is filled with so much passion. Great work.
This video is very educational ,thank you . Keep making them I'm looking forward to watch the next one.
Honestly I love it when the bullets graze each other and send each other off course. It looks really cool and can be used as a really good reference for movies and animation moving forward
not only that,one has a deep score on it, it's amazing the forces involved at that speed, it was cut as if it was being held and milled in a vise, its inercia was enormous,it just does not want to deviate from its course..
I'm sure you've probably already thought of this, but if you want to slow the bullets down it might be best to make an air rifle setup. Then you can easily adjust the air pressure and hence the bullet velocity. The only issue would be to adjust the aim to compensate for the adjusted velocity after each pressure adjustment.
I have followed you on multiple platforms for years and I gotta say this one had my jaw hit the floor. That first attempt just goes to show the engineering perfection that went into this both for data purposes and safety. Amazing work
This was awesome! I’ve always wanted to see this!
What’s up Kentucky
Scott! When's the collab with Destin?
Same!
Collab with Smarter Every Day! The KenFolk will love it!
Me too
That was really cool. Watching the projectiles hit, flatten against one another, and just arrest all movement before finally falling away looked really neat. Also proves that your velocities were on point.
Excellent video, really incredible. You guys nailed it, it's the lead. Minie balls were cast from 99.9% pure lead which is very soft. Also, they used Black Powder, not smokeless, however, BP must be loaded compressed, so it would result in even higher velocity than what you achieved with the Trail Boss powder you used. BTW, I can cast some pure lead bullets and send them to you if you like, let me know...
This kind of research, engineering and preparation and demonstration of the power of firearms is important. Process and science and "intellectual humility" is how we got here as a country and as the human race. And CURIOSITY is powerful and you guys are killing it. Thank you, and keep it up.
Nice👌 You've captured some beautiful slow motion video 🎬 The impacts kinda looks like galaxies. For fusing, maybe u can move the guns further apart? Or shorten the barrels to use less powder? And would it be helpful to use clean lead bullets instead of plated? Loved the video 📼 🙂
fantastic!! what a cool video! My favorite is the near miss at 16:01 and how you can see the shave off at 16:02 taking the bullet out of rotation and into a tumble, just amazing!! Nice work Destin!!
This was amazing. Thank you for all the hard work💯🔥
Bru, why don’t you guys make some mzansi science content? We always we have to watch Americans for this stuff meanwhile there are also geniuses in SA
I am blown away by this experiment. I am about 3/4 into the video and still waiting to see the two bullets fuse together. I am thinking that perhaps a smaller caliber or maybe a lighter powder recipe and or a heavier projectile. I am no expert by any means but I am starting to do my own reloads and still in the learning process. awesome video
To have the two impact on the first real try is an amazing achievement! The logistical nightmare of getting two bullets fired from opposite directions to meet in a preselected location and catch the resulting collision on film... the mind boggles! Well done!!!
Mega ciekawy film, brawo Panowie 🤝💪🏼💪🏼
Very cool video! Did you take in account in the civil war they didn’t use exact powder measures. 1 round traveling slower than the other may have caused them to fuse instead of exploding on impact. I’m sure the lead was much different than what we use in modern times as well.
Have you considered changing the temperature of the bullets? Warmer metal might be more malleable, less brittle.
Interesting to see this. Thanks for taking the time to figure this out and share it.
He needs to take some time to figure out declining EROEI.
One thing I noticed in your safety schematic, you accounted for an equal angle of deflection from the plate as if it were a mirror. In actuality the bullet will deform, fragment, but travel almost parallel to the wall it hit, no matter how shallow or steep that angle is. If you’re peaking around a corner and a bullet hits 10-20 feet down the wall coming in at a 30 degree angle you will still catch rock and lead in the face. That would be a cool physics rabbit hole to chase another day.
I think the rifling might be part of the problem: it creates breaking points - seen when the bullets colliding create perfect flower-petal-like structures. Also: is your rifling the same in both barrels or do the bullets rotate in opposite directions relative to one another? When rotating against each other, a film of fluid metal forms (like with ice skating - just not linearly but rotating). This is also kept fluid as long as the bullets keep rotating. This could be a good thing like with friction welding - but there the two parts are kept aligned firmly by holders. I could not see one case of the bullets stopping their counter rotation in any of the slowmo footage - so if they never stop rotating, the film is alwys there, allowing for easy low friction sliding and never freezing solid. Combined with the introduced breaking points from the rifling (what about polygonal or no rifling?) this might create conditions which are different from the minié ball situation. Also: are the bullets coated with lubricant?
Thanks for satisfying such a big curiosity shared by so many! And the engineering behind it is mind blowing!
Great job, love every part of it. You guys did it amazingly.
Fico feliz com a tradução e dublagem 😊
amazing video, i love destin's excitment and daves dry combacks lol
Legend, ty for childhood😢❤️
Miss your *"subscribers milestone fireworks"* videos. Would love if you do another one for good ol' times!
Look forward to your next tunnel video Colin!
Ahh colin, you are the most amaing person in England, we all know you
You know you made a good video when Mr Furze comments
Shorter barrels along with lighter powder charge would slow your velocity down significantly. Another idea to prevent powder slumping in the long brass would be to add a packing like cotton to take up the space between the powder and the bullet. Love the video and appreciate the time and effort you put into all of your videos. Thank you.
I love a good old fashion safety SOP being followed on a clipboard. This is rad.
are u an engineer or an editor?! I'm amazed how much i learn with just your video editing skills and your info you provided! So accurate with the lock time! love this!
This is why I love engineering. Years of work for milliseconds of results. And then you get to see something incredible. Well done!
Simplesmente imprecionante.😲👌👏👏👍
How far away from each other were the shots fired in combat?
Proximity may be playing a factor.
Along with probability.
Also, thanks for the journey!
I'm surprised the rotational energy of the rifling onto the bullets didn't effect the fragmentation splatter. The bullet rotation from one barrel seemed to counter or null the bullet rotation from the other barrel.
Incredible effort and results.
Whole system is working very well. The only issues i could point out are: to much velocity and unfavorable type of lead alloy.
Minié bullets do compress some, thus they increase their diameter to engage the rifling (muzzle loading), while modern bullets don't do that, because they fly through the throat of the chamber to engage the rifling (breach loading). So my point is that, the lead alloy used for Minié balls must have more plasticity than today bullets.
To reduce the velocities of the bullets, powder burning guns could be replaced by the PCP airgun alikes.
IMO there are various factors that stopped the bullets from properly fusing. Too much energy in the system is undoubtedly one of them, and the lead alloy being too hard compared to pure lead bullets is probably another, but I think that the shape of the bullets is another one; minié balls have a very deep conical void at the back, which I expect would make a difference. For a repeat, I'd try casting some minié balls out of soft lead and redesigning the guns to use loose black powder instead of brass cartridges.
This makes me a little doubtful about the validity of the 2 Minié balls stuck together. Also the fact they have no white lead oxide at all on them after so many years. I have 30 year old bare lead ammo that is fluffy with lead oxide.
I feel the same way, Jeff
@SmarterEveryDay Have you considered firing them into a block of ballistics gel,to simulate human tissue? The result with the wallet makes me wonder if the collision also included a very unfortunate soldier. If the original bullets met in someone’s abdomen it seems that would also make recovery more probable. Another possibility for a third object to contain the collision could be a canteen full of water.
I think the difference between smokeless powder and black powered would likely have something to do with it. Also, rifling, and velocity in general. Plus the Minie balls would have been significantly higher caliber, and moving much slower.
for the follow up, grab a metallurgist that knows a good bit about lead and softer metals. could the civil war lead have had impurities that we don't have in today's alloys? or are modern alloys more brittle due to mixing with copper, tin and antimony to provide corrosion resistance? Would be some really great science content!
My thought exactly. Although wrt oxidation the museum display would keep it in a very stable, if not inert, environment. There is a similar exhibit purportedly from the WW1 Gallipoli campaign of 2 bullets that intersected and fused into a cross.
Love the videos. I don't know if this suggestion would work or what it would actually effect, but what if you shot the bullets into ballistic gel and then make contact. That may reduce the amount of shrapnel spread and keep more of the lead intact at the point of impact. For what it's worth, I was an average C student and never took Physics or math past Algebra 2. 😁
I have wondering about ballistics gel too, I watched Mythbusters every week. I wonder what Adam thinks about this experiment !
Awesome video. You needed a lower BHN on your lead alloy, probably closer to pure lead composition. The way to do that is to hand-cast bullets and then you could hand-load those.
The biggest problem, it seems, are tiny mechanical movements of the barrels after each shot as well as tiny inconsensities within the bullets. Ever considered embedding the barrels into a concrete or lead block? 😅
Also, too much energy. But I guess you did not forget to fill up the powder room with like paper snippets or some other stuff when using less of it so the powder is in close contact with the ignitor?
Also, the close range could theoretically be a problem. But it is clear you need it to be able to aim halfway consistently.
The sort of moment I have ALWAYS been wondering what it would look like if it happened and said to myself how ALMOST impossible it is to conduct such a test and now I have finally seen it! So epic. It kinda looked like piece of snow from an iceberg being blast into pieces.
Now next: Two RPG 7s
Possibly one of the most amazing videos I've seen this year! I really want to be as passionate and excited by my job as you some day!!!
Hi
It’s amazing to think that those soldiers were probably shooting at each other at the EXACT same time, and likely saved each other’s lives!
I’ve always wanted to re-create this phenomenon, thanks for doing it!!
Except.....
There probably was a follow up shot...
I find it more interesting that because the loads for each shot would be inconsistent, they didn't shoot at the exact same time, but at just the right time for it to happen. Like doing two things at the same time is cool, but having the exact right amount of delay is cooler.
@lukesfxwhen you have hundreds of dudes standing in an open field facing off in a firing line, you'll get this happening eventually for sure. The crazy part is they were able to find the lead balls after it happened.
Yeah except on a civil war battlefield soldiers were usually ordered to fire in volleys. With large units of men trading volleys this probably happened more than a few times. It may have stopped those particular bullets but I doubt it kept them out of danger for long.
Hey guys, thanks for the video. To me, as a heavy-ion collision physicist this reminded of my area a lot. In the central collisions we observe the isotopic distribution of particles in the plane transverse to the beam directions and in the peripheral ones there’s a “flow” of fragments. Cool! The closest visualisation of HIC! 😂
I skipped to 21:59, and the slow-motion video shot is poetic, it made my jaw drop. I can see the physics that dictate the rules of the universe and guide reality as we know it in ways never thought possible. Thanks for a great video and scientific demo. This brought a tear to my eye.
I have no interest in guns and bullets, but I couldn’t stop watching this video. Absolutely awesome, great, fantastic video footage. You’d videos always are a wealth of knowledge.
Thank you and the crew involved. 👍
Impressive. I would do a one pipe that provides the powder’s pressure that splits to two barrels. In this case synchronization would be the perfect but you must be sure in the pipe’s connection.
It might be worth trying to let the bullets collide within a plastic bag or container filled with water. The water will absorb significant amounts of energy. So, playing with different sizes of bags or water containers might get you to the desired result.
I notice that both your barrels have right hand twist, so when they are facing each other, the bullets are spinning in opposite directions. If you had one barrel with a left hand twist, both bullets would spin in the same direction. With the rotational energy cancelled out, it seems that it would be much easier for the bullets to fuse on impact.
Exactly this!!! I was looking for this comment.
that being said, if trying to recreate what battlefield example then they are doing so.
Your example wouldn’t be historically accurate.
GREAT POINT. Were the civil war rifles smoothbore?
I think part way through the war they adopted rifled firearms. While smoothbore might make the shot possible, trying to get the bullets to collide in the first place would be much harder
@SmarterEveryDay Most were rifles so not smoothbore.
This would be a good video to use, when describing particle accelerators, demonstrating an analog of firing two electrons at each other (or other particles).
I wonder if you use an apochromatic (APO) lens, if you can correct for the colour fringing on those really zoomed in slow-mo shots. Not that I claim to know anything whatsoever about what's causing it though, but it may be worth experimenting with to try and clean up those shots ;)
Ive been watching your channel for well over 5 years now snd this is undoubtedly the most incredible thing youve shown in years
I'm so glad you started down-powdering the rounds because that was my first thought was to match velocity to that of the Civil War (of course, I didn't think of all the other things you had to do this, that's my only little contribution [which is why you should always include a lot of people from numerous backgrounds, because even on a good day 2 people with the exact same backgrounds won't think of the same thing - power in numbers])
Amazing video, I always love seeing your exuberance.
Seeing those two bullets frozen in time in the middle of the air at 21:39 (22:00) was so amazing... It's literally forces cancelling each others out perfectly. I'm so blown away by this.
@Inoxx idk but I know I wasn’t expecting two identical pieces to just be frozen there
Thank you for time stamping
thanks on the stamp
22:00
Yeah! It looked so... unnatural!
This was a very well made video. You should be proud of yourself. Thank you.
Excellent,top notch video, I loved it so interesting and exciting and enjoyable and most of all educational, I never would have thought it takes so much Smarts to make it happen, thank you for the awesome video 👍🇺🇸
Also consider the type of barrel you are shooting from
It looks like you have some form of a lighter metal which likely cools down faster between shots
in the war gun barrels would have been very thick steel that heats up a lot when you use it or extensive amount of shots - so presumable the surface temperature of the lead bullet would be a bit higher making the lead softer on the outside and likely to stick to the other warmer softer bullet
just some thought - i am not expert
The logistics of making such an experiment actually work.. safely... without damaging anything else along the way must be hilariously difficult
Someone may have already mentioned this but what would happen if you fired them into ballistic gel to slow them down? They might be able to fuse.
With the two metal jacket shot, it's so slow motion that you can see when the one bullet picks up the others reflection just before they hit. That is awesome.
I work in OT&E and the safety procedure evaluation towards the beginning was an unexpected but absolutely crucial component of your process. Really incredible work Destin.
Yeah from the intro I was thinking how I would attempt this, and the details they went into with the safety planning demonstrated well why I shouldn't try this at home.
Only thing missing is environmental safety. All that lead going into the ground
…whence it came.
The contrast between Destin's excitement and David's monomellotone is a salty/sweet match 😎👍🏼🎭
Wow. The safety measures in this video are incredible.
You guys are totally nuts! 😂 What an awesomely engendered experiment! 👍👍
i’m happy this man isn’t a small channel. i’m glad his channel is successful because it shows that you don’t need to be flashy to succeed.
21:54 - The money shot... honestly this is a one in a million type capture. Amazing.
Came to the comments specifically for this, thanks mate
Ads playing im searching comments. His teaser hits. This comment made perfect climax.
Destin took from a one in a million shot to a one in ten shot.
Thank you
69 like
Hi Destin
In addition to the high level of precision and engineering, this is very nice demonstration of super slow-motion capabilities. I wanted to offer you a new challenge that I am sure you will be able to meet. Can you also try to film the contact Explosive reaction of Nitrogen Triiodide. If you do so please be careful because it is an aggressive and super fast reaction.
Destin, not even 2 minutes in and I have to say thank you for thinking ahead for those who... do not always do so.
Que legal, gostei muito, as vezes o CZcams nos recomenda coisas boas
I just had to pause at this moment and say, seeing the bullets hit and stop in mid air was the most amazing thing I think I've ever seen with a Firearms Test or experiment. that alone is amazing and I'm excited to continue the video now...
A mini-ball was 58 caliper and about 480 grains, a 45 Colt is 255 grains, the mini-ball is almost twice as much lead. I would think bigger chunks of lead hitting each other would have a better chance of fusing together. Looking forward to follow up videos. FYI they found bullets at Gettysburg that hit each other, I remember seeing them in a display case when I was there. I have also seen pictures of bullets that hit each other that were found in France from WWI. I don't think they were head on hits.
They would also hand-cast the mini-balls from lead, which changes the stiffness and ductility compared to factory made rounds. That's why there are special hard-cast lead bullets for large game in some calibers. This is the way simple all-lead 10mm AUTO handgun ammunition can be used to fell a grizzly in a single shot. Hollow or soft points just won't cut it as bear repellant.
The shot at 21:55 is arguably one of the coolest things that's ever been produced on the internet. I know you said you weren't trying to win the internet but that shot is in contention for it. I really appreciate you bringing all of us with you on this journey, Destin
Looked like a creation moment. Glad you put the time stamp
Thank you for this comment, saved me a bunch of time
Mvp
@2ScoopsPlz Watch the whole video. It's worth it. It's how you get smarter every day.
I imagine this happening in a western-style duel. Both duellists shooting exactly at the same time and then wondering why apparently nothing happens :D
The really cool thing is that with the help of the wallet you essentially captured a split second of time in which two bullets exchanged material. Like the wallet stopped a majority of the outward fragments and expansion.
I have never seen so much perfection in a single video!!! They are incredible
That was just as perfect as you can get. It was amazing to see it suspended in midair. Incredible to see. Wow!
I'd love to see you do a video about transformers for smaller electronics. I feel like they're an untalked about piece of electronics that's vital to our every day lives
If you want to recreate the fused bullets you will have to use Civil War era lead. There is a lot of it still around. Find some, melt it down, mold your bullets and I think you'll have more success. Also, use a Civil War era bullet mold. You may also have to consider the shape of your projectile. Match the size, shape, and weight as close as you can to the Civil War era bullet.
22:00 is the most incredible slow motion footage i've ever seen and that is not an exaggeration
Thanks for that timestamp
I knew that there would be one hero for a timestamp
Thank you brother
thanks bro
Thank you, godspeed! o7
not sure what alloy your using, but i imagine a soft cast pure lead bullet would be your best chance, kinda looks like whatever your using is hard enough that its exploding on impact seems like you have a crew there that would have the ability to cast bullets from a softer lead that would be more appropriate to what was used in the civil war like your trying to replicate, also if you want to pack the full size cases to capacity without over charging your powder theres probably some kind of buffer material that would fill in the space when used properly and not affect powder burn rates too significantly
First shot goes to show you how much softer the lead was back in the day, along with how much slower the bullet was traveling, ALONG with the mass of the bullet itself being able to absorb the other bullets mass.
You made an amazing job! What a concentration of expertise on this video
My suggestion is that the old bullets had a lead more contaminated with residues of other metals than the current bullets do not have, I suggest experimenting with different lead mixtures of different metals. Metals with larger crystals can form a chain of alloys when they collide and merge, you would have to make proportions ex: Lead 60% + Aluminum 40% and shoot or lead 80% chromolybdenum 20% and shoot. It will take a lot of work to find the correct proportion.
I'm a follower from Brazil
Love Dustin because he makes me feel less crazy about being just mindblown about so many things about 21st century society. There are just so many incredibly interesting things, but if you want social status you have to act like you don't care.
16:24 first colision between them (not perfectly hit)
18:51 perfect shot
26:36 another great shot
Thank you for that.
Thank you! I came to the comments looking for the timestamp 👍🏻
21:52 perfect shot, stopping both bullets at point of impact. Truly impressive!
20:24 is so awesome, too, and 20:46 as well
The destroyer of lengthily documentaries! We salute you 😂
Que vídeo incrível!
22:05 when the bullets hit made me gasp! Not many videos on YT have made me do that. Absolutely fantastic work.
I LOVE how there are WAVES EVERYWHERE - You can see ripples traversing the compression plane at 20:54 I wonder what the physics of that are.
It could be the ribbing on the bullet, but I see it a bit on the other bullet types too.
One more idea about why the bullets may have not fused. The guns used in the Civil War may have caused the lead to become so hot it was slightly molten, or soft. This would enable them to hit and stick, then cool down, forever mashed together.
A few thoughts, The musket balls probably weren't spinning, as muskets did not have rifling in the barrel, so that is another factor in collision dynamics. Half way through the video and you have not mentioned what powder loads you are using/muzzle velocity of your rounds. Black powder loads were typically lower velocity I think than modern smokeless powder generally is. The barrels you are using look pretty beefy, but heat buildup might be a factor in shifting the aim over time as well. It not clear how much time there is between shots so I really have no idea if this has any impact either way. I am assuming your reloading expert is confident in the consistency of the loads, but that should also be ruled out. This whole experiment is fantastic regardless of the misses.
Any other channel doing these kinds of videos, I normally just skip right to the money shot. But something about your editing style, the pacing, the information you share, the process of designing and building your experiments, it really is enthralling. Gotta watch the whole video!
same. i thought "35 minutes? thats too much, im not watching all of it." but then once i started, i just kept watching every second, and was like "its over already??" at the end.
@deth502 didn't even notice 35 minutes
Came close to skipping forward, but.... as you say its always watching the whole thing, glad I did.
100%
I love the way you do ads. This is probably the only channel I watch where I don't skip the sponsor ad. You don't ask where can I put the add where it is most likely to be watched and make me more, you find the most respectful place and put it at the end. I also am stubborn with my leather wallet and am now rethinking my decision. Oh, and great video. 👍
I love your videos man I love letting my children watch them because you teach me and them together! It's amazing the way you explain that we all stay on the edge of our seats!!!! My only request is that you get a show on Netflix or hulu!!! Only because I try to limit the CZcams time on my children...so I would love to see all your episodes on one of those! I'm sure they would sign you
The obvious thing to do is to take the I-beam and just make it longer. You will lose velocity as a function of time. You already have barely enough energy to make it out of the barrel. Alternatively, Make the barrel shorter so you get less muzzle velocity. It might make things harder to control if the barrels are shorter.
Howdy Destin, Have you considered that the fused bullet in the museum was probably fired with Black Powder. Which, in my very limited experience, is slower and has much less velocity of a projectile propellent. So when you started on this video to use less powder, and seemed to have some progress. I think this is trending toward the key ingredient. Your correct in saying that the lead, as well, may have been of a different grade back in the musket days than today. Probably more alloys in todays lead. But just my two cents worth from a gun nut. Great video, keep up the very cool work. Cheers,
The reason they will not fuse is probably because the bullets you buy have some sort og lubricating agent that stops lead from depositing in the barrel + inhibit the bullets from oxidising over time with powder like lead oxide.
Furthermore the lead you use is too soft, you need to add other metals like tin. This alloy will be stronger and will dump more energy at the point of impact, creating more intense heat whilst maintaining most of the mass of the bullet in one piece instead of splattering with lead fragments.