What you can only see under a scanning electron microscope
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- čas přidán 29. 05. 2024
- Have you ever wondered what a blade of grass looks like up close? Or did you know that there’s actually a statue of Abraham Lincoln on the U.S. penny? With scanning electron microscopes (SEMs), you see down to this minute level. Come explore our lab at IBM Research where we use SEMs so accurate that they use beams of electrons to create images of objects 50,000 times smaller than what we can see with our eyes. We use these machines for inspecting tiny imperfections on designs of microchips we’re creating for the future of semiconductors. Tag along as John Ott, a materials researcher at IBM who manages our SEMs at our Yorktown research center, tours one of the labs - and shows us that tiny Lincoln.
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#science #technology #gadgets - Věda a technologie
Like using an F1 car to demonstrate backing out of your garage
My dad got out a magnifying glass in 1959 to show a 10 year old me Lincoln in the memorial.
..was thinking he could see that with the ordinary microscope, surely..?
but like your little story, if you had children i hope you showed them! 🙂 x
Nice memory!
@@davidevans3227 well, if one has an electron microscope, everything is a nail.
@@spvillano hi, took me a few minutes!
but, yeah i get that.. : -)
Really, Lincoln sitting in the Memorial on the back of the penny is much clearer and better viewed with a magnifying glass that an electron microscope.
After waiting through this video, I was way disappointed to see what an ordinary magnifying glass would show.
Yeah, I thought we were gonna be seeing like the molecular make-up of the copper in Lincoln's nose or something.
IBM have seen better days
Yes! My stacks of pennies I go through in my change has me keeping really good strikes from over the years and I can clearly see far better detail with my reading glasses even.
i Agree
Right, I can see Lincoln better with just my eyes.
Waited 3 1/2 minutes for you to show a millisecond of a shot of him sitting down in the back of penny
I just skipped all of that jazz
Now wait a minute here. Looking at a nearby penny, I can measure the space between the pillars of the Lincoln Memorial. It's about 1mm. On the screen in the video, it's about 50mm between the pillars. That's only 50X and any half-decent USB microscope can do 50X just fine. You don't even need a good optical microscope. You use an SEM when you need 5000X or more; then they're worth their weight in gold (which is probably what that Zeiss costs).
Yeah, I’m not so sure that was the best demonstration they could have come up with. I was expecting to see a micron-sized wart on Lincoln’s nose or something.
I could see that with an off the shelf video microscope from China. Weak IBM... Show me the atoms.
Jewelry loupe is good enough
Exactly what I was going to say. Hey, you beat me to it.
I was gonna say- Yeah that ain't a very good image of the penny... what are we looking at???
Dude sitting there, minding his business, and is suddenly choked by a vacuum and bombarded with electrons.
Yes, I had a friend who used to refer to it as "sitting in his shed at the end of his garden [that's "yard" to USians]".
In John's "booth", no less.
😂😂😂
We should have seen his eyes bulge. So that's why copper is reddish... "Get your ass to Mars..."
*I was seeing this with the naked eye all my life. What's the big deal?*
Word
I was thinking this was not such a great thing to use as an example of the capabilities of the machine. Even if you need some help, a 4x magnifying glass or the camera in a decent cell phone will show you Lincoln.
My guess is that this was written by someone in the marketing department who doesn't really do math. They wanted something small but common and easily understood.
Omg! 😱 Your eyes are naked? 😚🤭🙃
Sure, this isn't the most challenging test for a SEM, but it's relatable to something people are familiar with. What impressed me most was just how much information was conveyed without confusion and with so few words.
I love how the room has the sound deadening around it. SEM's also need a solid and stable floor beneath them to minimize vibrations as mentioned.
"I worked on silicon 25 years ago".... and I'm not going to say what I'm working on now" Thanks for that informative video!
When I was in high school I used to take the point of a compass used to draw circles and using a lens from a movie projector write love letters to my girlfriend on a penny. You couldn’t see any of it without a magnifying glass.
Nice!
That’s cap
Is there a video you could share demonstrating how to control writing on a surface that small? I am pretty curious to try it
For the record 2 nanometers its 0.002 microns. It also it would be interesting to hear if with this machine you have to dope the sample with metal or if it can also view organic matter without the need to coat the element.
I was thinking the same thing. He added one zero to many by mistake.
@@snifrbelin Yep, you'd have to use a TEM to get close to 2 angstrom resolution!
@@JohnVance actually there are a few SEM units available now that use highly monochromatic electron beams that can approach a couple angstroms resolution, and are nearly capable of resolving atoms, such as Hitachi's SU9000II
@@Muonium1 That’s cool as hell! My info is out of date by a decade at least 🙂
Not easily - I imaged organic substrates in a very similar scope and you would get surface charging that would throw off the image. Sputtering just a little bit of platinum would fix it usually, but that could sometime mess up features.
Thank you IBM for educational videos
I BM too.
Fundamental research in physics, mathematics and chemistry is why I support IBM. Keep up the great work.
Support them how? I worked there for a couple years and it was awful! For every cool scientist you see at IBM there are a thousand other miserable engineers.
As Feynman said, most problems in biology you could solve if you could just look at the thing
As a lab assistant I got to spend hours on an SEM photographing, or scanning thousands of leaf sections.
I used to sneak in foreign objects to look at up close for my own amusement. I once put in a dead bee I found on the windowsill. I scanned its leg joints which was really cool. I'd even go as far as to say, it was the bee's knees (I made that corny joke back then too).
I also scanned his eyelashes. Did you know bees have eyelashes? I did not.
Did you know that a bee's eyelashes are conical and splined along their length? SEMs pick up insane detail.
The intricacies of this mundane creature's body blew my mind.
Fun times for a geek like me.
You can see the smaller Lincoln on a penny with a simple eye magnifier; you don't need an electron microscope.
Depends on your age ;•) 15 years ago I could see him fine. Now I need a lens.
Lol you can see it better with the naked eye than that blurry grainy black and white rendering of what the laser thinks it sees. That's almost as bad as the NASA pictures. It's rendering from computer inputs I mean even just the quick regular camera shot of the penny gave you a much more focused and clear image.
Was fun to watch. Thank you Mr.
this is like using a spaceship to cross the street. can’t these things zoom in much much farther than this?
If a space ship pulled up and asked if you wanted a ride across the street wouldn't you say yes?
@@timb7775 i would but that’s not the point 😔
@timb7775 come on my guy, stop simpIng for IBM.
This is like asking somebody what time it is and they tell you how to build a clock.
Cool video I love imaging. I would modify the title for accuracy however to "What you can only see with a magnifying lupe or stronger" 😉
I'm 77 need glasses, and I can see Lincoln better with the naked eye than with the electron microscope.
Maybe your eyes are not as bad as you thought they were. :-)
@@davewinch7677 I can shoot pool like a master sometimes (click my name), but up close I need 4X reading glasses. Years ago I could see dust particulate in the valleys between my fingerprints at 3 inches from my eyes. Now, 'focus' does not even begin until 18 inches and that is out of true, sharp focus. But I snap multi-rail bank pool shots like a champ.
It’s like taking Air Force 1 to pick up some chips at the corner store.
As a child I saw the Lincoln statue on the penny's reverse using a magnifier. Didn't even need electricity let alone electrons.....
Well, you did *always* need both to even be here with the penny and the rest of us. With you as a child, however, the photonic imagery you were fashioning upon your retina via your direct examination were from photons, but then the electro-chemical messages your retina gathers and sends down your optical nerve and into your brain most certainly uses electrons in its work.
Two of my favorite nerdy things: microscopy and numismatics!
Thanks for showing us your workplace, very cool.
Good video, it’s always nice looking at SEM images - just a tiny correction though; at 1’20” 2nm = 0.002um not 0.0002um an easy mistake to make..!
Amazing video, thank to engineer explaining it, i learnt a lot from him just pointing, beats a whole 3d animation on the subject❤
Right, I got my electron microscope at Wal-Mart, use it everyday. Glad to see that IBM's research dollars go to looking at pennies, improperly prepared for imaging. You can see Lincoln with just your eyes, and better with magnifying glass. Goo IBM.
“It is better to aim at imperfection and hit it than it is to aim at perfection and miss it. That’s because it leaves the audience wanting more.”
- Thomas J. Watson
Funny that acoustic foam on the walls has a very narrow absorption range and this looks like a CZcamsrs studio.
The demo was unimpressive but the explanation was what I was after. Thanks👍🙂
I might have used a penny that didn't look like it had been dropped on the highway from a car going 80 mph.
Agree
Seems like a nice fellow. Thanks for the clear presentation.
Yup! And on the $5 bill, Lincoln looks like he's stuck in the computer screen in 'The Matrix'. Great presentation, thanks!
I have operated an SEM at a fortune 50 company. This is accurate information. It did not require very much magnification to view Lincoln on the back of the penny. It's not likely that most people would find it interesting to see the penny at maximum magnification.
Absolutely Amazing John, many thanks🤩🇦🇺
Dope video very well explained
I had some really old pennies go missing once perhaps one stumbled into your facility 😭
I'm not critical .... simply in awe!
I really enjoyed this video. 👍🏻
Impressive pressing/ stamping by the US mint.
Thank you, very interesting.
Its great to see how small SEM's have gotten over the decades, could have shown the bacteria on the coin!
Look at the eye of a dragonfly. Infinite amount of detail. Evolution is a manmade construct.
Agreee
I have weird vision and have always been able to see small things others couldn't. (I'm in my late sixties and I don't need reading glasses.) I found Lincoln #2 when I was a kid.
Microscopes don't lie! ;) I've always wanted to use an electron microscope. I'm a retired defect analyst for Ford Paint for 17 yrs seen a lot of interesting things with just a 100x optical.
Would have been nice to see a comparable view under the optical microscope too.
Absolute genius’ who designed such a microscope.
Great video; very informative. It would be good to start off explaining why we need SEM in the first place as optical microscopes have a resolution limit because of the limitation in the minimum wavelength of visible light. Second, it merits mentioning that only electrically conducting samples can be imaged, making the penny ideal, but that PVD can be used to evaporate on a monolayer of a metal for nonconducting samples such as biological ones. Finally and most importantly, you should have taken an image of the *surface atoms* of the penny, not just stopped at the Lincoln Memorial statue that you can see in a standard optical microscope, and in some cases even the naked eye. P.S.: I think “anechoic” (pronounced “an-ek-O-ik”) was meant in the beginning, though it didn’t sound like that was what was said at all.
I love how its called gemini too ❤
I love the way to illustrate the (black & white) SEM image you’ve shown that you flash on screen an optical (coloured) image 🤔🤫😎
I had me a penny once, had a lincoln on it too. Those were the days. ~Grandpa Simpson
I was curious how you focus SEM. And now I know. Fun VOD. Ty.
side note, you should have done that with a new, Mint State 70 or Proof coin. *smile-
Cheers, my friend 🍻
Very interesting!
If you zoom in even closer, Lincoln is holding a penny in his hand, that has his face on both sides.
Fascinating
Pretty cool!
I think I saw Bigfoot, Santa Claus, and J. Edgar Hoover peeping around the columns.
This commercial was brought to you by IBM.
It's not an "ana holic" chamber. It's an anechoic chamber. As in no echoes.
fuggetaboutit
Never noticed that until just now. If you have 20/20, you might even be able to see it with the naked eye. My 20/20 started deteriorating around 2012, but my vision isn't too bad most of the time. If I need to read small print, a set of +1.50 reading glasses gets me through just fine. For small intricate work, I sometimes resort to +3.00. The oldest penny I looked at just now was a 1975, and I needed the small magnifier at the bottom of a $4 Walgreens magnifying glass. One of the more recent pennies that I could put my hands on without to much hunting, that still had the Lincoln Memorial on the reverse was a 2007, and I could just barely see the outline with +1.50 readers. It was much more defined with +3.00 readers, and even moreso with those readers and the small magnifier in the $4 Walgreens magnifying glass. One thing I wouldn't mind knowing... On the reverse, way off to the right, there appears to be something beside the steps. It almost looks like it says FG or 76. Can anyone either confirm or tell if it says something else? There's definitely something intentionally etched right there, because there is absolutely nothing beside the left side of the steps.
Nice video. I took electricon microscopy at University. Was my second favourite subject. Just a note, 2 nanometers is 0.002 microns. Slipped a decimal. No worries. Still love the video.
The music is really irritating.
i feel like I’m on hold with my doctors office
Almost all music on videos is sure to annoy some people, because no-one shares the same taste. Worse, the latest fad is extremely repetitive snippets of notes.
It wasn't until I read this lol
Cope.
Good eye
A penny? I can see Lincoln in the memorial with my naked eye. Let me see cell, an atom, something significant.
That sure puts a friendly face on what was before a somewhat remote but impressive company
Wow, i never knew that, that's going to be a fun party fact. Thanks IBM
If this is an indication of "things you never knew", you must be a very boring person to encounter at a party.
Just sayin'.
@@coinsmith same goes for you
GORGEOUS SEM. Zeiss is the best... but that's an AO dissecting scope! TRAITOR! Lol
Very nice 😎
nice to see such a fantastic modern age miracle instrument at work. Some of the isolation techniques used in these microscopes are starting to trickle down into isolating audiophile record players from external energy.
Dude, the electron microscope was invented in the 1930s.
Hmmm... I recall getting a better view with a regular optical scope back in the day.
I love IBM.
Great explained, and wow what a microscope.
How made that penny stamp so role model so exactly?
You don't need an electron microscope to see the statue of Lincoln inside the monument on a penny.
Yeah. Thanks for the tracking service...
It was interesting to see explained how the electron microscope works. I would have loved to see it scan a blood sample, my blood sample to see if there are any self replicating nano particles building their structures inside of me!
Nice Zeiss!
Not to say I don’t love the technology and understand what it’s actually used for but, I can see Lincoln better with my eyes 😂
Do you get many people calling John Ott to getting something scanned as a result of this video? If so, any interesting, silly, or otherwise remarkable ones?
Pretty cool! How did the penny manufacturing process even have that sort of resolution?
Great point! The die makes carved the coining stamp, BY HAND, using and optical microscope in the first place.
@@TALLPaul67X: Thanks, but I'm not sure how much of a point my question could be. Curiosity, though, yes. But what do you mean by "the die makes carved the coining stamp..."? Did you mean "makers"? Also, how did they have such small tools to manipulate the metal in the plates with?
What I did was pause the video on my phone and zoom in on Lincoln seated. It was clearer the the electron microscope.
That's awesome.... 😮❤
Zeiss can invent some amazing things.
"This microscope uses electrons as the source of... how to image."
May I suggest a script writer next time?
I was expecting antman waving and promoting his next movie.
But apparently no, because he barely zoomed in so antman couldn't be seen.
Very cool!
*Anaholic* chamber? I think he meant to say _anechoic_ chamber. I've worked in both acoustic and EM anechoic chambers.
It's weird to hear a scientist use the word "oh" for 0 instead of the word ZERO.
Oh no.
Very interesting
Как у вас здорово, жаль что у меня английский не так хорош и я не могу ничем помочь. С таким инструментом наверное многое в жизни станет яснее.
thanks
You can see more detail with the optical microscope, then with the electron microscope
If a ship ever goes to Mars to collect soil samples, and returns, will your shop be able to test some samples?
Thats metal copper-electrons(from your scope) would cause oxcidation(or any various combinations) and spoil the sample-and what do you amplifly
Love Microscope work; Miss working with them. They Show the World at work not seen by just the Eye.
Knowing the joy of Microscopes, is when you're not surprised by photo of Fly's Butt. lol *Thanks!*
I always look for some miracle Penny worth a boatload....after the 50th time it starts to look a little sad 😉 😊
I thought it was interesting that you had to use the microscope inside of an anechoic chamber. I’ve been in one and it can make you feel weird after a few minutes inside. I wonder how he can spend an extended time in there. The intense quiet isn’t for everyone.
i put a microscope in my anechoic chamber once..it was wonderful