The first deep rebreather dive using hydrogen: a gateway to deep exploration? - Simon Mitchell
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- čas přidán 25. 06. 2024
- In February 2020 the Wet Mules diving team pushed the Pearse Resurgence cave to 245m. Further progress required overcoming the high-pressure neurological syndrome and reducing respired gas density. The solution to both problems would be a light and slightly narcotic gas; properties possessed by hydrogen. In February 2023 the team successfully tested hydrogen in a rebreather dive to 230m. This presentation is the story of that adventure.
🌊💧 Unveiling the Deep Mysteries: Simon Mitchell 's Talk about the Breakthrough Rebreather Dive with Hydrogen! 💧🌊
Diving Talks, held last October 7th, gifted the diving world with an extraordinary presentation by Simon Mitchell titled "The first deep rebreather dive using hydrogen: a gateway to deep exploration?" This groundbreaking talk delved into an awe-inspiring adventure that redefines the limits of underwater exploration.
🌌🔍 The Quest for the Abyss 🌌🔍
In February 2020, the intrepid "Wet Mules diving team" embarked on a daring journey into the depths of the Pearse Resurgence cave, pushing boundaries to reach a staggering 245 meters. Yet, further progress demanded solutions to overcoming the High-Pressure Neurological Syndrome (HPNS) and the challenge of reducing respired gas density.
💡🚀 Hydrogen: The Answer to a Pioneering Dive 🚀💡
The revolutionary idea? Hydrogen - a light and slightly narcotic gas with properties that could conquer the hurdles of HPNS and gas density. Fast forward to February 2023, when Harry Harris and his fearless team made history with successfully testing hydrogen in a rebreather dive to 230 meters. This presentation unravelled the exhilarating story of their epic adventure.
Simon's talk underscores the diving community's undying spirit of exploration and innovation. It reminds us that humanity's thirst for discovery has no limits. With hydrogen rebreathers, the deep blue mysteries become more accessible, opening doors to new horizons and the wonders of the ocean's hidden depths.
#DivingExploration #HydrogenRebreather #DivingTalks #DeepSeaAdventure #UnderwaterMysteries #DiveDeeper #OceanDiscovery #InnovationInDiving #OceanExploration #UnderwaterTech #DiveWithHydrogen #DeepSeaDiving #WetMulesTeam #SimonMitchell #DiveIntoTheUnknown #ScientificBreakthroughs #ExploreTheAbyss #DivingPioneers #UnderwaterWonders #DivingCommunity #AdventureAwaits #PushingBoundaries #SeaOfPossibilities #UnlockingTheDeep #DiveScience #DiscoverTheOceanFloor - Věda a technologie
"we largely resolved these concerns by ignoring them" 😎love it
Sounds moronic to me. Imagine your pilot saying this before you take off.
@@mithrandirthegrey7644 Sounds similar to things a certain submarine pilot was saying not so long ago.
@@Drimirin what happened to him?
@@pieroo7 He and his four passengers died from a catastrophic implosion. Look up the Titan submersible. The pilot/founder of the company ignored countless safety regulations in the name of "innovation".
@@pieroo7 He's talking about the Titan submarine that imploded near the wreck of Titanic.
I’m not a diver, but I was a respiratory therapist who worked in a hospital hyperbaric medicine area for a while. This is absolutely bananas and I love every minute of it. So awesome.
That’s a cool comment! Take a look at the other Talks, many more interesting topics.
12:40
I kinda feel like the room didnt appreciated that joke appropriately
You have to be of a certain age I think, I got it and I'm getten on in years.
Check out the other Talks. There were other really interesting ones. For example the the two about the underwater habitats: #DEEP by Phil Short - another highly skilled diver, and #PROTEUS by Brian Helmuth. Both worth watching.
Heli access/remote/cold/camping/cutting edge tech diving/super exotic gas mixing/water tank habitats/ 16 hours of cold water deco.
Zero tolerance for a failure
250 Meters/800 ft bottom
Hpns
In the 80s I worked on many Sat vessels in the North Sea so I’ve an idea of the reality of these dives.
Gobsmacked
Fkkkn A
Really impressed
what
Don’t worry buddy. Fellow diver here. I get you. I did the same in the gulf. I moved to inland and joined the union. Way different. Enjoy your retirement!
It was quite an achievement, indeed. Check out the other Talks. There were other really interesting ones. For example the the two about the underwater habitats: #DEEP by Phil Short - another highly skilled diver, and #PROTEUS by Brian Helmuth. Both worth watching.
Very interesting. Thank you for sharing and feedback. For my part, during my dive at -312m in Font Estramar cave, with a trimix 4/86 :
I only felt very weak HPNS. Exercises allowed me to check my lucidity at different strategic depths.
Concerning the density of the gas breathed of 8.56 g/l ( -75,60m air equivalent ), the Joki being a very flexible rebreather, I did not feel any discomfort at -312m. Regards Xavier Méniscus
Thank you for your comment. That strategy you used to check how you were during the dive is a very interesting piece of information. I hope we can discuss other important topics, Xavier, in a near future. 😉
The level of nerdiness here makes me joyous.
As a baby tech diver, I salute you all. Stay safe, keep pushing the boundaries with your incredible science. ♥️🫧♥️
If you are going to mix hydrogen and oxygen in a plastic bag always put the oxygen in first. Don't ask me how I know that....
How do you know that? 🤔
@@AstralWarriormaybe static discharge blew it, while oxigen will just burn the bag. But maybe, i really dont know.
Simply because we are in an oxygenous atmosphere.
Otherwise it will float away?
Any thoughts on a fuse🤔
Pr Simon Mitchell...he's a living legend in both deep technical diving and anesthesia. Dr F.D.
I’m not even a diver and this BLOWS my mind!!! Humans go hard I love watching innovation and the limited get pushed
An incredible achievement. Watch some of the other talks. They’re great!
That presenter was as focused and clear as any I've listened too. Also if there's a level beyond amazing this was it. Well done folks.
Thank you for your kind words. This is the type of content and presentation skills we want to have on our show. Watch some of the others. More interesting content being shared in the Diving Talks CZcams channel.
I came to say the same thing! What a great presenter. I'd have watched an hour on the advancements in paint-drying technology.
Check out the other Talks. There were other really interesting ones. For example the the two about the underwater habitats: #DEEP by Phil Short - another highly skilled diver, and #PROTEUS by Brian Helmuth. Both worth watching.
Brilliant! Great to see these new innovations happening in New Zealand. I remember one of the early dives into the Pearse resurgence by Kieran McKay, Pete Hobson and Dave Weaver, that ended so tragically for Dave Weaver back in 1995. Things have come a long way since then.
“We dealt with those problems by ignoring them” this is a sentiment I can co-sign, love the … lecture ?
ended with a total banger
Aussie hydrogen mixture backyard testing is the best testing period!
Did you just call a Kiwi "Aussie"?!
#triggered #justiceforthekiwis
@izelennkhan1887 they get so pissed! LMFAO
@@izelennkhan1887 Aren't Richard Harris and Craig Australians?
@@MegaEpicLlama Now you're putting the slipper in LOL.
@@MegaEpicLlamarichard harris became an aussie when we decided that his work in thailand and subsequent fame was worthy.
you probably won’t get the joke but australia will claim any kiwi who gets famous enough as an aussie
For the rest of us, theres a snorkel. Beyond that theres the common scuba tank. And if you still want to push the boundries watch a cave diving video on youtube.
We used to push our common scuba tanks with air down to 220 ft. All this tech stuff seems dangerous to most, but for what we were doing it would have been much safer 😊
@@bullschitt3666 haha, I was diving air to 260 ft and had friends diving 330. Helium was an absolute godsend.
14:35 that group photo kind of says it all right there....
Check out the other Talks. There were other really interesting ones. For example the the two about the underwater habitats: #DEEP by Phil Short - another highly skilled diver, and #PROTEUS by Brian Helmuth. Both worth watching.
At the end of the Younger Dryas, Sea levels rose over 400 ft. On our deepest dive, we can barely see what was the shoreline before the Younger Dryas.
At the end of and after noahs flood.
@@JohnnyDanger36963 🙄
Great presentation. Anything about the Pearce resurgence exploration is gold. Thank you and be safe (as much as possible :))
It's mind boggling how advance these guys are
Kudos for pushing the boundaries and advancing diving. Fascinating talk!
Balls of steel on these guys. Very interesting talk.
Thank you. Please check the other Talks, too. Many more interesting topics by other Speakers.
First of all, this is amazing diving and I'm really grateful for you sharing your knowledge Dr Mitchell, and the team overall sharing their incredible adventures with us all.
I know that having a wildly incorrect PPO2 in the loop is bad for plenty of other reasons, and these are really weird dives anyway for example closed curcuit bailout, extreme decompression requirement etc.
But you have to admit there is just something terrifying about oxygen and hydrogen together in a compressed cylinder. Also, consider what could happen if the PPO2 increases in the loop beyond the lower flammability limit. We know already from oxygen incidents that small flakes of chrome or other contaminants being thrown through valves and first stage regulators can function as an ignition source, I just shudder at the possibility.
Just off the top of my head, the introduction of H2 creates a whole class of new hazards that no one has any experience managing:
- The loop that isn't being breathed can still cause problems if it's PPO2 isn't managed correctly.
- PPO2 mismanagement by a buddy could cause problems for you
- A blending error could result in an explosion much more energetic than simple overfilling
Good luck to you guys, but I'm glad I'm not the one taking these first steps.
Happy to share what we saw in person to the world!
Absolute mad lads
Not a diver (not even much of a swimmer), the thought of cave diving terrifies me. Even watching skilled and experienced divers do it fills me with a mild dread. But this was absolutely fascinating.
Every once in a great while the algorithm makes an outstanding recommendation.
… something, something broken clock.
👍
It’s an acquired taste. 😀
Check out the other Talks. There were other really interesting ones. For example the the two about the underwater habitats: #DEEP by Phil Short - another highly skilled diver, and #PROTEUS by Brian Helmuth. Both worth watching.
This was an amazing slide and documentary!!! Thank you for sharing!
It’s our mission. We promote the show and share it with the world, for those who can’t attend.
Wow! Truly amazing.
Thank you for sharing this with us, great job. It seems like we may need more explosion-proof rebreathers in the next years...
That’s why I don’t smoke when diving with a hydrogen mix gas.
It's easier to stay alive in orbit above the atmosphere than it is doing these sorts of cave dives - there is a lot of exploring still to be done below us. I was on call for work when I watched this and am happy I did.
I still don't understand why they don't just use robots.
@@DustWolphy water strongly attenuates radio waves, so that won't do for command and control. Sound-based systems work in open-water, but have quite low data rates measured in characters per minute that aren't at all suitable for video or realtime control and likely wouldn't work at all inside a cave environment. That leaves tethers, which is what all underwater ROVs I'm aware of use. The tether makes supplying power and sending signals easy, but it also makes the system impractical inside a cave due to entanglement issues.
I've pondered the possibility of a cave-specific ROV that has on-board power and uses an on-board spool of fiber as the tether. Having the ROV unspool its own tether as it progresses should eliminate the entanglement and sheer friction issues with having the ROV try to drag a kilometer of cable behind it.
Beyond that, there's AI, but where's the fun in that. Also worth noting that some company has already made such an underwater drone. They send it off on its own and it maps the cave, then it comes back. There's no realtime information.
Ultimately, some humans have always been explorers. Why go there? Because it's there.
@@DustWolphy wheres the adventure then? the one thing weve done since we learnt to walk as early homonids thats EXPLORE!!
Great presentation- pioneering work. Thank you
Amazing!
Fascinating!!
That explosion was more than hydrogen, as we all had that high school science teacher who would ignite a balloon and hydrogen burns slow with zero shockwave... until you load it up with oxygen.
Yh they probably did the optimum ratio 2:1
Really great presentation!
Wow this was fascinating!
Only here looking for Gus and Woody🐙
The ignition energy of H2+O2 can be as low as a few millijoules, a spark that is essentially undetectable, and easily in the range of what you can create by walking across a carpet or unrolling a few inches of cellophane tape. Scares me and I'm fearless.
Well thats how the swedish inventor of hydrox died.
Hydrox mixtures that ain't hypoxic at surface pressures go boom. Sure, if you are deep enough hydrox can be safe.
However using it at high concentration is just an elaborate suicide.
Agree, milli-joules from rubbing plastic tojether. The high humidity of the rebreather environment helps reduce static discharge.
@@chadx8269 Also, in fairness, IF the test at one atmosphere used the at-depth trimix with 3/67/30 O2/He/H2, that is similar enough to the Tridyne 2/88/4 mix that is sometimes used for rocket tank pressurization- the O2 and H2 are too diluted by the helium to combust at all, and can only react when passed through a platinum catalyst (this makes warm gas to fill the propellant tanks as they drain). Dilution can knock out one leg of the fire triangle, but precision is mandatory.
If I were doing that project, I would have done the first trimix test in open water near a shore facility with a decompression chamber instead of in the ass-end of nowhere with no hope of rescue. But then, you'd have to hold a gun on me to get me to dive in a cave- and I've jumped out of airplanes and even flew aboard a rocket plane multiple times!
Incredible work! Look forward to the paper publication on this.
I love it, a comprehensive testing programme, brilliant. 🤣🤣
Thanks for sharing
Simon,
As always, your presentations are gold! Really interesting [boys own] science going on here.
They are. By the way, Simon is coming to Diving Talks again this October. Join us in Lisbon. 😉👍🏼
really interesting talk!
Wow, interesting, exciting, perhaps developing methods for the future... and.... completely and utterly bonkers !!!! :)
Great talk. Thank you.
Good to know the Talks are reaching to a wider audience!!
Brilliant!
Indeed!
Neat!
Just awesome… Thanks for the video.
Thank you. Check the other Talks. Many more interesting topics by other Speakers.
My anxiety just sky rocketed the deeper you went. Amazing footage and kudos to you guys.
Huge achievement for the group of divers portrayed in this Talk! Check out the other Talks. Many other interesting topics presented at the show and available in our channel.
Keep at that science guys, as rebreather diver this is awesome
Ill never go diving in my life i dont think. But this was still very interesting
Everything about this is nuts, delightfully insane.
Your team is awesome. I’ve followed you for years,maybe since very shortly after you first reported on Scuba Board.
Cool. Join us this October in Lisbon. Simon is attending and presenting one more time. It will be great. 👍🏼😊
Very interesting to watch how those kinds of dives are done. Great presentation.
It is indeed; a great presentation about an incredible achievement. What the other Talks. Many more interesting topics!
Impressive.
What a fascinating presentation. Thank you. I’ve no experience of anything you and your colleagues do but I have a science background, and have the utmost of respect for you. Please keep on trailblazing. One observation, why is it that there are no younger divers involved? Clearly you have vast experience. Is that it? Or is there a degree of madness too :)?
Good point there. The ageing of diving community. That is something we should address through a serious and participated debate. But here, for the complexity of the dive, you would expect to see more experienced divers.
Fortune favours the bold.
You guys have balls. I cave dive and it is nothing not even close to what you do! Nice work!
You both have a death wish.
wow! there's only been a handful of these dives since 63 or something. it's an avg of about one attempt per year since hydrox was implemented. The human body is so elastic in the manner of adaptation.
lets not forget the human mind (real star of the show)
@@Adrian-vd6ji you just say that just because you haven't seen what the lungs look like at those depths
Looks like our exploration of the water filled caves below the Earth may be making leaps and bounds . Guess this will also have a float on effect to commercial deep saturation diving. Interesting times ahead indeed.
Great to see people pushing boundaries, i recall ida-73 kicking on ebay few years back, was tempted to buy it, but spent all cash on boris. So looks like Russians also experimented with H2, i have one of the manual depth gauges calibrated to 300m. it would be interesting to read through some of their documents.
You crazy bastards! We talked about this for YEARS! You did it. I'm gobsmacked.
I'm not sure if it was just the atmosphere in the room, but I feel the live audience didn't fully grasp just how incredible this actually is.
I'm not a diver but I've always had a keen interest in the science and engineering involved. It's been an open secret for decades that using hydrogen would allow divers to push the envelope of dive performance. It's just very few people have had the courage to try it.
I do have experience with industrial chemistry in the mining industry and manufacturing and I especially enjoyed the initial tests Harry did. As someone who's accidentally caused a small hydrogen explosion (twice) before I understand the apprehension. As humerous as the anecdote of not annoying the wife and the overall jank of that setup is, this is actually a textbook example of pushing the absolute limits of experimental and technical performance in a responsible and calaculted manner. All that helium and the low oxygen % is a really clever way to reduce the risk of turning your own lungs into an underwater bomb.
It might seem crazy how easy it is to get hydrogen but you can actually access a whole load of extremely dangerous industrial reagents in Australia with virtually no hassle. You can get hydrofluoric acid, nitromethane and a bunch of precursors that you need special permits for in NA or the EU.
This dive was an amazing achievement and everybody that attended locally was aware of that.
'we dealt with the problems by ignoring them'
True beacon of safety right here
You have to understand that statement in the context of the presentation.
Think everyone has the same reaction watching the last vid ‘f*** hell!’😂
😂 The flammability/explosiveness test was a right crack up. The old beaker in a bucket of water and bubble a SMALL amount of the mix in there then use piezo igniter from a bbq lighter would of been way to go but I don't blame him if he done half a job there deliberately, we know the margin is too close and a mistake puts you over so I'd wait till after the dive and just make a bang too.
I cringed when i saw how much H2 was in the bag was and how close he was getting to the fire... OMG, ear-drums ringing in empathy. Ouch!
When we quit thinking primarily about ourselves and our own self-preservation, we undergo a truly heroic transformation of consciousness.
wow great talk
Thank you. Watch the others, too. And the Q&As. Lots of interesting discussions with Speakers and audience.
You have to ask why an extreme tech dive exploring mixtures took place in a remote cave. There must be less o2 in new ze.
My favourite part of the video was 21:35
If temperature is a problem you can soak your wet suits in argon for a few hours before the dive or use it directly in your dry suits. Gives you quite a bit more headroom regarding temperature because of better isolation...
Not going to get much insulation out of a wetsuit at 200+m. Even 20m compresses a wetsuit enough to substantially reduce its insulation. (Also neoprene is a closed cell structure anyway couldn’t get the argon into the neoprene after manufacturing).
@DIVETALK pretty cool!
@DivingTalks, not DIVETALK! Watch the other Talks. Different and interesting topics on our last event!
Truly a difficult task to solve. Would prefer building a micro submarine versus this method. The substantial volume of tanks needed plus issues with hydrogen & extreme temperature is beyond simply challenging a diver.
Scary
I think there are statistics for hydrogen oxygen mix flammability and explosivity, but in relation to its use as lifting gas in airships. Harry might have wanted to check out that information before his backyard experiments.
Wow, seriously pushing the limits. Has this cave been mapped by ROV?
We don’t have an answer for you. Maybe someone of the team joins the discussion and clarifies.
Two many variables to go wrong for me, but of course I’m sitting on my couch!
Surprisingly negative posts in the thread. Experimental is experimental but there is a history of hydro hydreliox diving 500 to 700 metres. According to our friend wiki this is the 54th such experiment. With COMEX having simulated 701 metres my only question is.... When do you plan to go deeper?
You mentioned a documentary that's being made, who is making it where can I find it!? Thanks!
Amazing presentation. When is N = 2 happening?
That’s the question!! 😎
I know nothing about diving but this looks too cool!
It is cool. Innovative, advanced exploration, the future of diving? Enjoy the other talks, too!
@@divingtalks2566 Gonna do!
IM LISTENING
The production team Finally switched to PIP right as I was about to exit 🤣👍🏾
Is the documentary Dr. Simon mentioned at 18:59 called Deeper? Is there any information on it like release date?
Yes, just announced by Screen Australia today. Hopefully will be at cinemas next year.
@@DrHarryH thank you Dr Harrison. Appreciate the reply from the man himself. That is great news, such an admirer of your work, will be awaiting eagerly. Wish you all the success.
As much visibility as disturbed cave silt - diagrams at the beginning?
i just hope to see self resetting scrubber one day ;)
🤨breathing fuel and oxygen.
diver: WOW! what an amazing dive, now i need a cigarette...🔥
Ahahahah you shouldn’t smoke. Diving or not diving. 😉😊👍🏼
A glimpse into a world that might as well be another dimension. I understand the science, but I am so claustrophobic that the mere thought of being underground makes me unwell. I respect the folks that can do it, but it seems purely for sport though.
Divers are the new explorers. This group the top of those. Underwater there’s a whole new world to discover.
Hydrogen is explosive in as little as 4% concentration up to 96% concentration. When hydrogen explodes, it detonates supersonically. All it takes is a spark.
That's why they had 35% hydrogen. Literally a 4X safety margin.
@@Mp57navy Actually they were 4x above the lower explosive limit, they were literally 4x the wrong side of the limit, deep in the danger zone. The UEL for hydrogen is very high too. A faulty microphone in their comms system it's all over.
@@rubikmonat6589Only if the remaining gas would have been oxygen. But its was 35% hydrogen, 3.5% oxygen, and the remainder was helium. Helium won't react with hydrogen, so the mixture was actually relatively safe. The is assuming that the partial pressure has no influence on the reactivity. As the fatal Apollo 1 plugs-out test of NASA's moon program showed, this is a big assumption.
Now I'm really curious how different it would be to be on Deuterium instead of Hydrogen.
I was under the impression that H2 is pretty reactive and reacts with O2, so very surprised it would be tried in an underwater breathing mix.
O2 percentages are tiny < 4% generally. The gas is only breathable at tremendous depth.
It does form an explosive mixture with oxygen, but it requires an ignition source to actually light off. I'm not sure what the explosive limits are under pressure.
@@WineScrounger It can be ignited by adiabatic heating.
In German we call it Knallgas. Which literally means Bang-Gas.
You guys should have nuno gomes on! Hats off to these gents, pure legends, would love to hear input from someone like nuno on the groundbreaking work these guys are doing
Maybe we will have him soon 😉
@divingtalks2566 Many thanks for the feedback! Should be really interesting, the guy was known for diving past 100m on just oxygen with ease, that coupled with him also having pushed the limits of mix diving should make for such a fun chat/discussion regarding the potential benefits of hydrogen on the nervous system at depth. Again, hats off to Richard Harris and company, takes some gargantuan nads to do what they are doing, loving the discovery of the pearse.
Did HPNS kill Dave Shaw in bushman’s fumbling around with Deon Dreyers body?
It didn't help, but the main cause of that death was high work of breathing-the other side of that "mutually exclusive" problem.
Essentially, his scrubber couldn't keep up with his CO2 output. He passed out and drowned.
For the record, Dave Shaw is to these guys like Oceangate is to DSV Alvin. Dave Shaw had 333 total dives (not even technical dives) when he killed himself. By elite technical diver standards, that is nothing. It's like some guy climbing Mount Rainier once, and then deciding he's ready to solo climb K2... in winter... Without oxygen.
These guys have thousands of technical dives-not to mention multiple PhD level experts in compressed gas physiology and engineering.
These are true scientists at the absolute ragged edge of research and exploration... They are -the best- in the world at what they do... And I don't think it's a particularly close contest.
Who funded this work ?
Well, avoid anything catalytic, platinum, paladium... whatever can make H2/O2 mixture go boom without any external energy source.
But awesome, that people stop wasting precious Helium!
Yh I was wandering about the potential for catalytic ignition. It definitely happens to high quality platinum and palladium in air with pure H2 gas being blown
awsome dive and associated planning
the lack of testing for flamability at the 300m working pressure is a bit of a concern for me
- I am imagining a little grinding of teeth prividing energy for ignition and "boom" = what a "face off"
and you did not test for this, "she'll be right, HH tested it in his pool"
- really glad my concerns were not realised on your dive, but I think you need to do some proper homework on this
remember the carbon fiber sub that did many successful deep dives whilst not understanding all the technical / structural issues
- all good till it is not
What Harry's keynote speech from Rebreather Forum 4. He goes into much more detail. He compiled an entire team of specialists in a variety of fields to consult with regarding the usage of hydrogen. Regarding the flammability concern, it's not one at
@@dwaynesykes694could you clarify a bit further about the risk going drom Heliox to hydrox? Did the Helium begin to diffuse out too fast causing DCS?
@@zdwlees Harry's dive was a complete success; no DCS was experienced. His time on hydreliox was quite limited before switching back to his 4/90 trimix (i.e. 4% oxygen, 90% helium, 6% nitrogen).
The concern is what's known as isobaric counterdiffusion (hereafter referred to as "ICD", which can result in DCS *without pressure changes* (i.e. constant depth) when a gas change results in the newly added gas diffusing into tissues while the removed/diluted gas diffuses out of tissues. The rate of "offgassing" is increased by the "ongassing" of the newly added gas, that's basically the premise of using oxygen-enriched gas for decompression.
If everything works out well, switching from hydreliox to trimix will actually help speed up decompression thanks to ICD. That said, like any decompression, if done too aggressively it opens the door to DCS.
The COMEX experiment referenced was an experimental saturation chamber dive and resulted in multiple instances of DCS resulting from ICD due to a rapid heliox/hydreliox gas switch _despite maintaining constant pressure/depth._ That establishes that ICD is a very real risk which gas changes to/from hydrogen-enriched mixes.
It can be argued that the COMEX dive was at full satuation and so ICD isn't as much of a concern with bounce dives; however, at the depths these folks are diving to the faster tissues, which includes highly-vascularized organs like the brain, are more or less at full saturation and are even at a supersaturated level on ascent.
Hopefully ICD ends up being an asset to decompression and not a huge risk, but the near complete lack of data makes it all a huge unknown right now.
Your own personal hindenberg.
Richard Harris has a video on his channel on going to depth of 245m
Oxygen in the atmosphere is approximately 21%. Given that what they were breathing was 3%, yes it may have been flammable, but not ''explosive''.
Let’s go diving… in a cave… in 6c water… to a depth of 300m… oh and we might explode. 😂
And not "might explode" it's straight oxygen and hydrogen mix under pressure.
Breathing that is right up there with injecting TNT into your veins.
Hydrogen and oxygen. Reminds me of the Hindenburg...