Military Reforms of Augustus
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- čas přidán 2. 03. 2019
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It is widely accepted that Augustus is one of the most important people in the Roman history. In this video we will describe the reforms he enacted to improve the structure of the Roman legions, which made the Roman Empire more stable and was one of the reasons why it survived for so long.
Previous videos in the series: • Marian Reforms and the...
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This video was narrated by Officially Devin ( / @offydgg & / @gameworldnarratives )
Machinimas were made on Total War: Rome 2 engine by Malay Archer ( / mathemedicupdates )
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#Documentary #Augustus #RomanEmpire
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One of the team members is sick, so, no battle episode this Sunday. There will be a double-battle week sometime in Late March/Early April. Consider supporting us by joining our patreon: www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals - that is the best way to learn about the schedule, get the early access to our videos, participate in the voting and become part of our discord server.
At 10:21 your road map is not accurate, their should be a road from lugdumum to massalia
Between 9:45-9:50 when talking about revolt that took place you said 68-69 AD but top right hand corner it shows 68-69 BC
Bro please make a vidio on battle of Chamkaur where 42 Sikh saint soldiers fight with 1000000 mughals
And also make a vidio on taimur lung s defeat in in India in the hands of Hindus in the battle of haridwar and meerut after the battle he died in Summerkand
C'mon guys it's pretty accurate it's still a great video
The city I'm currently studying in Manchester in North West England, was originally called Mamucium by the Roman commander who set up shop here. This is because it's situated on two hills he decided look like boobs. He called it boob looking hills
I will never look at Manchester with the same ayes :D
fun fact that zone was inhabited by the Celt tribe of the Briganti, and in Italy that word still meaning outlaw or sort off, how far those things can go :D
@@FirstLast_Nba prolly yes mate😂😂
No. It's because it looks like man boobs. "Man" & "Chest". See?
thats awesome dude. Boob Town!
@@asganaway A similar word exists in English too, Brigand, which is similar to meaning to outlaw.
I'm from Mainz, Germany, originally called Mogontiacum, a one of those fancy new permanent fortresses guarding an important bridge over the rhine, now a state capitol with around half a million residents. It's incredible to think how much the romans shaped modern Europe, and through it the rest of the world.
Momon I used to visit Mainz all the time. The remaining aspects of the Roman influence, as well as Napoleon, is wonderful to view. I really like the old Roman towers in the vineyards down by Nierstein.
Im Asian and how have I dreamed to go to Europe
@@gomerbarrogo5603 same bro I’m American and I want to see ancient history with my own eyes. I’ve been to a lot of sites around America but its not the same 😭
@@historyrepeat402 ancient history in the Americas is mostly Native American stuff. Still pretty cool to see and learn about, but very different from European ancient history. Still would highly recommend learning about Native American culture and history. Its very interesting
Klopp used to be in Mainz
“My father died on this floor...right there, stabbed 27 times butchered by men he called his friends....who will tell me that’s not murder, who will tell my LEGIONS that’s not murder who loved Caesar as I did”
"who will againts the motion?"
HE WAS A CONSUL OF ROME!
@@satrio303 antony veto the motion... VETO DA MOTIONNNN
My ship is large and comfortable.
czcams.com/video/F8hNaCnOdcw/video.html
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One of the things I barely even thought of before I began researching this was the power of identity. Just imagine if you had to fight for your country, and your family, and your friends perished for it. Then imagine that in recognition for these losses of your comrades and loved ones, a name was granted to your military unit.
It is no surprise that the Roman Legions were stubborn in giving up their hard-earned legionary consciousness.
That is too deep for me right now. :-)
Dear @@KingsandGenerals
In what Army has pride in your unit NOT been a source of cohesion? There are so few exceptions to the rule that the exceptions themselves, and their scarcity, demonstrate the rule. ;)
Please wish a speedy recovery to the team member who's ill at the moment('flu?).
#SPQR #Imperator #CAESIMP #AVGVSTVS #LEGIO #AVXILIAE
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Same reason why the strongest defenders of the fraternity hazing system are those who suffered through it. When you willingly sacrifice yourself for something you cherish it more emotionally. Women understand this too, which is why they make men suffer before they surrender.
After their destruction at the Teutoburg Forest, the Romans never used these legion numbers (XVII, XVIII and XIX) again. Meanwhile, Custer's infamous 7th Cavalry Regiment is still active today in the US. I wonder what this says about the Romans and Americans.
Identity politics operates very much like this. And when there isn't anything to "suffer" from or that the suffering is minimal, The Powers That Be will create the problems/suffering, either fictitiously through propaganda(creating the zeitgeist) or actually sabotage. All this such that they can be your savior and punish those who've been labeled as the "other;" dehumanization. This is why govt shouldn't have as much power that it has.
I ran straight back from Moscow when this appeared in my letterbox.
you did but 70 percent of your army didnt bro
You don't run from Russia, Russia runs to you
LMFAO
damn da emperor know how to pwn too
Ohai, mister B., great cognac btw.
Must be fun imagining Roman soldiers finding where they should pitch their tents
"3rd Cohort will pitch at Section 14A!"
"Jupiter's balls! Not beside the hospital again!"
😀And his fellow soldier would say: "Don't worry! I've got you some cotton wool to plug your ears."
The Praefectus Castrorum remind me a little of the NCO's in Band of Brothers. Experienced staff sergeants who actually run the army behind the relatively inexperienced, sometimes incompetent officers
Yeah, like Napoleon said, it is all about the sergeants.
Kings and Generals you lot are just bloody amazing...
Having an experienced and capable NCO's core is a KEY factor to any army that aspires operational and specially tactical achievements!
Praefectus Castorum had a much broader responsibility. I tend to think of them as those Executive Lt Colonel of the British regiment (earlier days) when the colonel was some Duke or Prince but need baby siting initially.
Kings and Generals Or as the Marine Corps says, “the strategic Corporal”.
It's amazing just how complex and sophisticated the Roman military structure was. In a way they have more in common with our modern armies than other armies in the ancient or medieval eras.
His reign was particularly important for Hispania and the integration of that region into the Roman Empire. The Cantabrian Wars, in which Augustus briefly participated, also influenced in the military, for instance in the Cantabri Circle tactic.
Hi. And the inhabitannts of what was Cantabria fought again against the Visigoths
As always, here are ROME II mods which we used solely for this video:
- Leonardo's Imperial legions of Rome
- Celticus' environment HD and flora HD
- GEMFX
- Enhanced Particle
Attila TW:
- Ancient Empires
Best wishes,
Malay Archer ڤمانه ملايو
"Quintilius Varus, give me back my legions!"
Germania would probably have been conquered if Augustus kept all 60 legions. Then again, it might not be worth it.
@@wisdomleader85 Well, the military, especially at that time, is expensive. Rome spent about 80% of it's budget on military upkeep. Germania wouldn't have been worth it.
This is the premises of a Zombie movie. "Sure, I'll give you back your Legions" *evil laugh*
Some parts of Germany were conquered by the Romans and romanized.
@@wisedragon173 Must be this Holy Roman Empire I keep hearing about.
Much bettter technique with the eyes. The light grooves around them decrease much of the creepyness. Say well done to the artists :D
Will do, thanks :-)
I prefer the ones that didn't have the eyes colored in, so they kind of look like busts.
Zach Geary Same
Only that the original Roman busts did have eyes, either inlaid or painted on.
@@varana Yes but the colors faded over time, and personally I think they look better now without their colors. The re-painted reconstructions of what they used to be look creepy.
I just love how the Roman empire just gets someone like Marius and Augustus at the right time
Having a bad day, but a video from Kings and Generals always cheers you up :)
Be happy, it gets better. :-)
Yes, thank you :)
Hang in there man. Wish you all the best and hope the coming week gets better.
Same, the workplace angered me today.
My Hometown Günzburg was first mentioned at 77 BC as a Roman fort and was known as Transitus Guntiensis. It was probably a strategic point at the Danube and the fort become to the city today.
Throughout my life, I have lived for quite some time in Utrecht, in The Netherlands.
It was established by the Romans as a fort because it was a point (traiectum) where one could wade through the river Rhine at the Roman Empire's northern border on the European continent. U-trecht, the 'U' coming from 'Uut' or old Dutch for 'downstream.'
The Latin name 'traiectum' over the centuries evolved into 'trecht' (without the 'um').
Another Dutch naming evolution of Latin 'traiectum' was into 'tricht' which indicates the 'traiectum' in the south of The Netherlands which was a place where one could wade through the Meuse (Maas) river, Maas-tricht. In Latin: Mosa Traiectum.
Another Dutch city with a Roman past is Nijmegen. 'Nij' meaning 'new' in old Dutch and 'megen' coming from Celtic 'magos' which indicates a plain. So Nijmegen comes from the Latin 'Novio Magus.'
Now that I look at the diagram. I don't think Claviculae's only affect is to force the sword arm, since it only works in one direction (the right side, assuming right-handedness). If you go from the left side, the shield arm still face the rampart. I believe the other effect of Claviculae is to reduce push from effect the storming warriors, as only a limited number of warriors is at the front gate to push direct inside, while the troops from the side will push at angle, which adds much less push effect. This makes the fort defensible even though the defense has smaller force.
1 interesting fact from a small detail in this video: The Batavi tribe was a Germanic tribe living near the Rhine and they can be the ancestor of the Dutch. During the colonization era, the Dutch arrived in Indonesia, conquered the Banten Kingdom and established a city there called Batavia, in honor of the Batavi Tribe. The city is now known as Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia.
Huh....interesting
It may be Indonesia’s capital now, but Indonesia may be moving its capital to a city on Borneo.
11:30 "Fossa" is still the Portuguese word for ditch; the Portuguese word for mayor is "prefeito", from "praefectus"; the amount of space or time between two objects or events is an "intervalo", from "intervallum". We can still easily grasp the meaning of many latin terms.
“Fosa” (with one S) and “Intervalo” are also used in Spanish. And “Prefeito” as well, except that is traduced as “Prefecto”
Like pretty much every other Romance language. Fosa in Spanish , prefecto , intervalo etc.
Portugal=Porto(Latin)+Calae(Celtic)
Fosse in Old French and English. School prefects. Interval of course.
Fossa is used in medicine as well to desscribe an indentation as well!
Imagnifer is definitely the best job. Your entire purpose is to carry a cast or sculpture of a man's face on the end a big ass stick because its 2000 years in the past and no one had photographs and painting in the woods was impractical and expensive.
Also you got to wear an entire bear as a hat.
i get the feeling you would be the first to bite the dust in a revolt though
@@f0lderfile
Absolutely. That's just part of the deal tho.
@@f0lderfile Surely you could just agree to take down the head... I'm still down for this job
@@physetermacrocephalus2209 I'd like to be on of the guys in the special lion skin capes. I've read Praetorian units were allowed to wear them. Add that to a lion skin headdress and you are looking sweet on the battlefield.
Nice to see how the Roman Army functions. Nice video. My compliments to those who made this video a reality.
"Legatus Legionis Latinized to Legate" I think you mean Anglicized......
I was gonna say… sounds like it's already pretty Latin!
Legado de la Legión ( Spanish version)
But aLLiteration!
@@battle-brotherthiel1563 In Portuguese that would sound like the legacy of the legion.
I think you mean Anglicanized
I was an infantry sgt and I used to teach of this man we have alot to thank him for
This is really a great example of how an army(Roman legion) sets up the foundation of future cities!
Pretty much! Many of those would later become cities.
@@KingsandGenerals
Cool amphitheatres too. And temples of Mithras
This man was amazing on many levels - truly set the path for empire that would flourish - as long as there were competent rulers to administer it
6:40 - Here in the Iberian Peninsula throughout most of the Empire only one Legion had permanent quarters, and it was the Legio VII Gemina (not mentioned here as one of the Gemina legions). It was based in modern day Léon, which name comes precisely from LEGIO, or Castra Legionis. This location was strategic to guard the last territories to fell under Roman control - notably Cantábria and its dreadful war that needed Augustus' intervention himself - but also the rich mining territories around, such as the gold mines of Las Médulas (Spain) and Tresminas (Portugal).
As testimonial here in my region, there are in Trajan's Bridge in Chaves (Portugal), two columns that mentions this Legion's presence in the territory and its intervention in the building of the bridge.
Can you make a video about late roman and byzantine army ? Sometimes they are overlooked compared to the early roman empire army
This series is supposed to continue all the way until 1453, so what you are asking for is on its way :)
Yep
So we will also get videos about Trajan?
Nice.
@Godtuber Adibu you have no idea about history
Godtuber Adibu byzantines never sucked..for their size they where massive and had massive technological advances
"Our Roman army series will continue all the way to 1453, so subscribe and press the bell..."
If only I could do that more than once.
You can always share. :-)
The reforms of Camillus, Marian and Augustus inspired the 16th century Maurice of Nassau's military reforms that later led to the military revolution in Europe .
I did a tad bit of number crunching, and the average legionary camp would have had just shy of 700 tents. 640 just for the rank and file legionaries who were 8 to a tent, most of the senior officers would have had their own tents, and then the lower Centurions and Optios would have likely been 4-6 to a tent. toss in a few extra tents for supplies and store and thats around 700 tents for a legion. Now imagine multiple legions on campaign. I imagine some poor freedmans entire job was just procuring tarps, twine, and tent pegs.
This is the most informative historical and war tactical youtube channel, provides accurate information and in a interesting way. Thank you for your efforts in making these videos, i cant express my gratitude.
Thank you!
These are honestly some of the best content I’ve ever seen on CZcams.
I love these animations. They really bring the history alive
I have watched SOOOOOO many of your videos because I love the content and it's delivery. Could you please do a video on Augustus' right hand man, Marcus Agrippa. I feel if it were not for him, we wouldn't even know the first emperor as we do today. Agrippa captured the victories that eternalized Octavian.
Like always! amazing and incredible video. Is just amazing how advance the roman empire was at the time, standardizing stuff, it just incredible
Thanks!
Fantastic video really well explained. I love the style of these videos, I really think I have learned more from the videos on this channel than documentary's on the History Channel. Great work!
Who the heck could possibly dislike this wonderful educational tool.....seriously!
Aliens, hopefully :-)
The military effectiveness really was the back bone of the Roman Empire. Another great video!
I live in Narbonne, the "second Rome" , founded in 118.BC and home of the glorious Legion X "Equestris", one of Julius Caesar's favorite
I'd love a video about Vindobona (modern day Vienna, Austria) sometime. Not because of it being a historically meaningful topic, just because I love Vienna. There's a street named after Marcus Aurelius there too, and some pretty sweet old Roman ruins on display downtown next to the Hofburg Hapsburg palace.
I think that the Great Courses presents information in a simple and organized way. Thank you for the video.
Great video, as usually. It´d be nice a video entirely about roman forts. How they were built so rapidly, defensive devices and so on.
Thanks! Yes, thinking about it!
Last Time I Came This Early, Augustus wanted his Legions back.
Dude Augustus czcams.com/video/f-ohKuKy4_s/video.html
@@DarthBigBen I will not tolerate this slander.
Good work Fellas, so much info and well done. Nice finding out why the numbers changed throughout time. Thx!
Thanks :-)
15 minutes of GREAT WISDOM about the early roman empire. lovely! keep doing it
Thanks, we will!
OjosChuecos YsinManos late roman empire is as cool as early :)
@@noman2330 the entire history is as cool as early, there is not boring in history. one thing lead you to another, like this: when alejandro magno die, Ptolomeo his general, grab egypt and make it his own state " the ptolomaic empire" his 7th descendent CLEOPATRA, was marry to a consul of Rome, later then to marco antonio... history is beatiful in his all aspects, then and now, ealy and late..
sorry for my english its not my main language, i'm from argentina jajaja.
Outstanding work guys. Keep it up. Enjoyed every minute of it.
Thanks, more on the way!
Fantastic video. Thanks for your work and keep it up!
Came so fast I arrived to Athens before Pheidippides
Nice :-)
EXCELLENT series. Very well done indeed.
15:26 city of Split, Croatia. Built around palace of emperor Diocletion, not a garrison fort. It was a weekend house. Used for Game of thrones kings landing outline.
12:20 I like how each man knew where to pitch his tent.
Great in depth analysis. Good work. 👍🏼
Thank you, :-)
The ditch around the Roman camp was called the Vallum, where the English word of wall comes from.
Very informative and concise, Awesome! Would love to see the breakdown of military composition and tactics of the Asiatic horsemen AKA Mongols
Romans are one of kind. The more I learn about them, the more I'm sure of their uniqueness.
Watching this as well as Time Team, what a great combo.
Unit numbers of 80, 512, 768... Whew. You really gotta appreciate Modu Shanyu's system of 10s.
Great video by the way. Would really like a video on Roman towns, castles etc.
Thank you!
They make more sense than you might think at first since 512 = 2^9 and 768 is 2^9 + 2^8 so one and a half. Plus the 80 man unit is in fact a 100 man unit of which 20 are non combatants.
Thanks for another great video guys. My favorite leader in world history is Augustus, and the Pax Romana he began is still to this day one of the greatest achievements in human history as far as I'm concerned. Lots of men can conquer nations, and win battles, it takes a real leader to instigate the longest period of relative peace in western history, and he did it while sitting on perhaps the deadliest fighting force in the world at the time. I think that says a lot about the character of the man.
@@nottoday3817 Hey man, thanks for putting in a great comment, I actually learned a lot from what you typed up dude, sorry it took me so long to respond. I tend to only check my CZcams responses irregularly at best. As I said above it was RELATIVE peace. I certainly understand that there were still wars and a bunch of other things like uprisings, etc... that occurred. However I still think it quite amazing that a man who had a fighting force that would have put the Macedonians to shame at the advent of Alexander was used more for peace keeping than other means. Trajan is another of my favorites though, could you imagine what not only he, but emperors like Heraclius or perhaps Alexios Komnenos in the Byzantine period could have accomplished had they the same resources as the early republic.I shudder to think of the legions used by an effective commander, it truly must have been a sight to see, if you have the time, do you happen to know why many of the military structures that defined the early Republic came to ruin, I've always wondered why the Romans didn't keep a standing army in later periods of the empire. From the fall of the west onward we saw a more levy based army as opposed to an organized force of professional warriors, I've always been fascinated that people would stop such an effective army. Thanks again for one of the few good comments I've gotten on the platform, I love to see I'm not the only Rome lover.
Veni, Vidi, Vici. Romam de honore et gloria.
Nothing better then a Roman or Napoleonic video, keep up this excellent work
I got to say the unit spawn sound queue used at 9:10 from age of empires 1 was a very nice touch to this video.
Amazing video as always, just an FYI, at 9:45 it is stated the auxillia were kept close to their homes until 68-69AD but the title scroll in the top right says 68-69BC
Finally a happy roman video! I owe you many thanks
Fantastic work as always.
Thank you!
*_THIRTEEN!!!_*
That’s only in a show, the real Titus Pullo, And, Lucius Vorenus we’re in the 11th Legion.But,okay.. lol
Legio Xi Claudia to be exact.
フノ刀 THIRTEEN!!!!
@@user-ne1ib2sz3i so what
*XIII!*
Thanks as usual, I have to say you usually look with detail on English related things, and as this is an English speaking channel, just makes sense. I simply wonder if you could focus a bit more on Southern Europe, which in Ancient times had some more data, documents, and history. That way you can show a wider and more vivid environment of the period you explain with your amazing videos. Cheers!
Thanks! We will consider that!
Please a video about the legacy and strategy of Hannibal. Thank you, Great videos
Well done!
Keep up the good work.
Thanks, we will!
I love these kinds of in-depth videos (Along with all your videos, I'm a little bias as a military history fanatic).
It's due no mistake that this army conquered their world and the world they knew. The strengths of the Roman army were technology, discipline/training, and their administration. Both Sun Tzu and Ceasar would agree that the supply-lines of an army, its structure and cohesion are most important qualities.
*I NEVER CLICK THIS FASTER THAN BUILDING A HUGE ROMAN EMPIRE*
The voice and presentation are freaking awesome. 😊☕👍
Thank you!
I would like to see a video about the Celtiberians, one of the most unsung badasses of antiquity, Carthage never managed to completely subdue them, they formed a part of the army which under Hannibal terrorized Rome for the better part of two decades, they repelled the same german army of Cimbri and Teutones that had just inflicted Rome its most destructive defeat since Cannae, they also formed the core of Sertorious' guerilla and it took Rome almost two centuries to completely conquer them, the last campaigns, called the Cantabrian wars being were bloody, brutal and grinding and required 8 legions and almost ten years to complete during the early part of Augustus reign.
Awesome as always.
Thanks!
this is really fascinating stuff
Awesome video...thanks...very detail
Another video about Ancient Rome. Great!
I always wait for your video n every time u release i again wait for your another video because your every video is amazing
Thank you :-)
Welcome
Im recenlty reading "old rome" by simon Baker and these videos are quite helping
Belgrade is a good example of how a Roman camp grew into a town
An excellent, and very informative, video. The Imagnifer position is new to me, but now all the pictures of Roman troops standin around with the Emperor's depic up on a pole in the background makes a little more sense, hadn't realized that that dude was a standard bearer in his own right (or that the depict was of an Emp, thought maybe Romulus or something so never took a good look).
Wonder if these guys carryin the likeness of an Emp were central to carrying out a conspiracy. Four guys turnin up at your tent flap fully armed probably increased the sympathetic factor.
Awesome video learnt a lot from this thanks
Thanks for watching!
Btw where was the the tenth mounted legion rallied?
Awesome. Can't wait for Trajan.
This seems to be about changes in the Imperial legions from the time of Augustus until Marcus Aurelius, and not simply changes instituted by Augustus himself? Informative as always!
The workplace angered me greatly today, watching Kings and Generals makes me feel a bit better.
Good :-)
Starts Imperator Augustus campaign in TW Rome II, two hours later K&G posts this. Coincidence? I think not. Excellent video guys!
Good work keep it up !
I really love these videos about politics and administration...cant wait for Dioclitian, i am smelling the reforms xD
The tribune/prefect relationship reminds me of the "modern" lieutenant/sgt. relationship. During wars those could often lead to the soldiers being more bonded to their sarge and simply following the lieutenant's orders because that sargeant said to. I wonder if a similar mood occurred or if the size of the force and the additional ranks between the prefect and the lowest ranking made that not so.
Great Vid as always, still hoping for Tolkien series!
Damn I was playing Rome 2 as this appeared in my sub-box :)
Same I just started my first Rome campaign
Do you play it on laptop or desktop?
Glad I found this channel.
Welcome aboard
Kings and Generals thanks man. I’m in Israel. Have you ever considered doing anything crusade era? Maybe you have an I just haven’t seen it yet in your videos, but obviously I’m very biased, lol. Blessings brother
ROMA INVICTA great day to see another one of this series
The music just fits perfectly 👌
The Marian Legions were not quite logistically self sufficient. The post Marian army still used baggage trains and needed one pack animal for every 10 men. Marius' requirement of having every soldier carry his own equipment and 2 weeks worth of grain made the baggage train smaller, but they stilled relied on the baggage train. IIRC, Marius' mules was also a pejorative because his army initially didn't have enough money to purchase sufficient pack animals. Later on when money was no longer a concern, the army used more pack animals.
Augustus' adminstrative reforms were also of paramount importance. Augustus was not only a military genius, but also one of the most capable administrators of the ancient world. The Princeps Senatvs e and the Princeps Civitatis ( Augustus), for exemple, divided Italy in 11 regions ( for the first time in history until that moment).
• Regio I Latium et Campania ( which included the present-day Italian regions of Lazio and Campania).
• Regio II Apulia et Calabria ( the current Puglia, part of Molise, the eastern part of Basilicata, and the province of Avellino in Campania).
• Regio III Lucania et Bruttium ( Calabria and Basilicata).
• Regio IV Samnium ( part of Lazio and the provinces of L'Aquila and Chieti, in Abruzzo).
• Regio V Picenum ( Marche and the northern part of Abruzzo, which comprise the present day provinces of Teramo e Pescara).
• Regio VI Úmbria et Ager Gallicus ( Umbria and Marche).
• Regio VII Etruria ( Toscana).
• Regio VIII Aemilia ( the Romagna part of the Emilia Romagna). Romagna comprised the center and the eastern part of the current Emilia Romagna ( which included the provinces of Ravenna; Ferrara ; Rimini; Forlí-Cesena and Bologna).
• Regio IX Liguria ( Liguria and Lombardy).
• Regio IX Venetia et Histria ( Veneto; Friuli Venezia Giulia and Trentino).
• Regio XI Transpandana ( Gallia Cisalpina).
Hispania, on the other hand, was divided in 3 different provinces ( which was under the Roman power since the Second Punic War, but definitively annexed only during the Cantabrian War).
• LVSITANIA ( Portugal and parts of Extramadura).
• HISPANIA BAETICA ( Andalusia and parts of Murcia).
• HISPANIA TARRACONENSIS ( the rest of Spain, which included the current Spanish Autonomous Communities of Castilla La-Mancha; Madrid; Aragón; Castilla Y León; La Rioja; Galicia; Cantabria; Navarra; C Valenciana, and Catalonia).
Rome itself was for the first time divided and organized under his rule. Rome was divided in 14 different regions.
• Regio I Porta Capena.
• Regio II Caelimontium.
• Regio III Isis et Serapis.
• Regio IV Templum Pacis.
• Regio V Esquiliae.
• Regio VI Alta Semita
• Regio VIII Forum Romanum.
• Regio XI Circus Flaminius.
• Regio X Palatium.
• Regio XI Circus Maximus.
• Regio XII Piscina Publica.
• Regio XIII Aventinus.
• Regio XIV Transtiberim.
Great video!
Your Roman army/emperor videos are excellent and use a lot of Latin sources.
What a amazing video to wake up to
Good old Octavian.
Great stuff, thanks
Thanks for watching!