How To Use A Geophone With Raspberry Pi and an ADC - Seismic and Footstep Detection
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- čas přidán 23. 07. 2024
- Simply, think of a Geophone (also known as jugs, pickups, and tortugas) as a super-low frequency microphones for the ground. Used globally as acoustic Earthquake detectors, they react to any ground vibrations. These vibrations can come from seismic waves, passing footsteps or dropped pens.
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Geophones are remarkably simple and ingenious devices. Geophones typically contain a spring-mounted wire-coil mass that is free to move (up and down) within the field of a case-mounted permanent magnet (see this in the image below). The active element of the device is the wire-coil mass hanging on the spring. When the ground shakes (let's say due to an earthquake) the spring-mounted mass has inertia and wants to remain still. As the Earth continues to move, the magnet displaces freely up and down around the spring-mounted mass. This displacement creates a changing magnetic field which produces a measurable electrical voltage signal in the coiled wire. These voltage changes occur very quickly. As the voltage is the result of a natural phenomenon it results in a pure analogue signal.
Now as incredible as Raspberry Pi Single Board Computers are by default they have no way of reading pure Analogue signals. Thus we will need an ADC (Analogue to Digital Converter) to be the translator between these two systems. An ADC converts analogue signals into a digital representation so that they can be read and processed. Most sensors like temperature, sensor, sound or force produce analogue output voltages and the Geophone is no exception.
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0:00 Intro
0:32 Geophone Overview
1:25 ADC Overview
2:02 What You Need
3:01 Assembly of Hardware
6:41 Software Set Up
8:52 Download Example Scripts
9:20 Live Output Plot Script
11:32 100 Samples/24 Hour Record Script
13:58 Taking a Photo Based on Footsteps
16:07 Where to Now
16:39 Outro
excellently clear, thank you for this video
You've done a really good job explaining and demonstrating.thanks.
Cheers mate 😊 hope it helps you!
Great video! Thanks!
That’s pretty cool. My house shakes from nearby roads so that would be going off.
Would love to see a twin axis joystick project using Hall effect sensor joysticks like those used in remote control drones ie 2 joysticks for space sims.
cool project! worth trying out
Tim, fantastic video and guide. I got today my geosensor working thank to you. Just wanted to thank you and tell you your guides work wonders and the project works on a Raspberry Pi 5... just FYI. I think you developed your guide for model 4. well it also works on pi 5. Thank you again for such a great tutorial.
Glad to know it works on the Pi 5, cheers!
Very good!
Thanks for such a great tutorial and help with rasberry pi python, believe me when I say that your existence helps the knowledge production around the world and in that sense the humanity itself .
Golly Big Thank You! Very very rad Comment 😊 Take care and stay cozy Luis!
Nice ! And very well explained. It inspired an idea. With 3 geo phones and 3 ADC’s, it should be possible to triangulate an exact position of any vibration in a 2D field, assuming the speed of vibration (m/sec) is consistent through the media (ground). I can see some applications for that in terms of trespass monitoring, actually plotting a route through a monitored area…..
I love that idea! 😊 That would make for an incredibly powerful system. Usually when three Geophones are combined in a singular system they all face a Primary Axis (X, Y, Z directions) close together but I really like the idea of using three to encircle and protect an area.
Three in that configuration would also make it possible to figure out what is internal within the area shocks/vibrations and what are external.
Actually it is almost impossible to do this with the accuracy you want. Things like rocks, roots, and varying soil composition radically change prop times due to reflections between the sensors. if you get it to work the army would really like to talk to you! 😊
Very interesting project! I am curious, I have geophone strings and was wondering can this help somehow to test whether they are in good condition? That would require some additions to this system I guess. 🤔
Great video! Thank you! I've seen several references that specify this ADC module's max voltage as 5V. In my case, the module will be used in conjunction with a different MC and will be be bit-banged. If I can use it at 5V it will make my life much easier - any info would be appreciated.
Nice !
Hello, your videos are very informative. I am new to raspberry pi, but your videos help me understand a lot of terms. Could you please create a video on how to work with TDS and PH analog sensors? I did not find any video that work with these sensors using raspberry pi.
Thanks again.
i made a relay into a geophone years ago and attached it to a fishing pole. it didnt wornt work all that great. had drifting problems with the way i had it hooked up.
Thank U !!
I love the video, do you have any suggestions on what kind of projects someone could use the sensor in?
Underground Mining Early Warning Systems
thanks, can you gave me code to collect and graph the sound sensor with geophone using the ADS115?
Could this be used to detect low frequency music sound, like sub-woofer?
Can I get the Dataset you recorded on the seismic sensor.
Is there available some kind of documentation for consult if I want to try using another faster language like C++ or if I want to do my own version in python?
It would be possible to convert the output data to a seismic format like SAC or mSEED?
Such a phenomenal 'Where to Now' question 😊 I'll do my best to help, sorry if it is a longer reply than expected.
The most established Open source seismology toolbox and library written in Python that I know of is Pyrocko - pyrocko.org/ - Pyroko will be able to help you format the values out of the Geophone into SAC or mSEED Standards.
The Pyrocko Snuffler Application is of particular interest as it will display Seismic Waveforms in real time - pyrocko.org/docs/current/apps/snuffler/tutorial.html#live-seismograms
More on Data Formats regarding Seismometers (although you seem well versed 😊) - ds.iris.edu/ds/nodes/dmc/data/formats/#miniseed
Scripts to write ASCII data into MSEED file using Obspy - www.earthinversion.com/utilities/write-ascii-to-mseed/
In regards to C++ here is a Script that allowing rapid characterization of seismic sources, (the wiki examples linked on that page are worth a look too) - github.com/eost/wphase
Also I must shout out the Raspberry Shake Project and their open source scripts, a lot can be learned from their GitHub! - github.com/raspishake
A question? to measure vibrations the ads1115 is not very poor in resolution?
hello, i would like to ask you about microcontroller. on this project, can us change the Raspberry with an esp32 or arduino ?? thank you..
can geophones be mounted on a vertical surface like a wall?
Great tutorial!!!
Any suggestion put all stuff inside a 3d printed box without cause reading problems to geophone ?
Cheers!
Cheers mate 😊
Best results comes from placing the ADC directly on the hard ground (concrete floor is commonly where it is placed). Id make a hole in the bottom of the case and pop the Geophone through it, friction fit around the edges. That way the Geophone is having direct connection to the ground and it'll provide the best/most accurate responses.
thanks:)
Do you recommend any other ADCs to use?
Can I turn it into a microphone/ attach it to a microphone cable?
How can the ADC sense negative voltages? It has to have a negative supply connection to do this. Seismometers are normally biased above ground for this very reason. Thanks for the nice work.
Cheers for your kind words 😊!
So the ADS1115 is able to measure negative values or voltages even though it only operates using a single supply. Although the ADS1115 has 16 bit resolution capability, it uses Two's complement to represent a value. The MSB (Most Significant Bit) represents the Sign Bit (+ or -). This is really a 15bit resolution ADC capable of negative and positive voltage measurement (within the GND to VDD supply limitation).
Here is a great spiel all about this - www.best-microcontroller-projects.com/ads1115.html
@@Core-Electronics Ahhh. Got it. The actual inputs cannot go below ground but the 2 inputs can go negative relative to each other. duh!!! Thanks
At 8:11 you 'sudo pip3' TWO Adafruit libraries onto the Pi. At 9:27 only ONE Adafruit module is 'import'-ed into Python. Is this because a dependency between the TWO is fulfilled outside of Python? Is this the 'Blinka' layer?
Great video, thank you.
Very well explained! Can we use this system with a alarm with it? For example when it detects any movement above a certain level, it will cause the alarm to go off. Please reply.
Absolutely, you could create a threshold in your code that when detected can trigger all sorts of things, an audible buzzer or perhaps send an email to you.
@@Core-Electronics i want to build a earthquake detector using a geophone and the raspberry pi that you used. Can you please help me?
With 3 of those and some triangulation code, you can geo locate a person on a property. By teaching it with AI you can tell who or what is walking there.
excelente es justamente lo que estaba pensando en la mañana y sin buscar me llego este video . no se que sensor loga esto jajja
Looks real good, engineering and research instruments use 3 channels(X, Y, and Z), and really powerful sistems can have up to 9 (3 acc, 3 vel, and 3 displacement) channels how would you connect the 3 channels to one raspberry pi? Perhaps using three ADC's? Anyways Great work! I have always wondered how these worked
A Raspberry Pi 4 Model B would definitely be capable of X, Y and Z measurements from three Geophones. Running 9 Separate Geophones on a Raspberry Pi Single Board Computer, that I have no idea if it would be possible. Communication from the ADC is all through I2C so enables many many devices to be connected up so communication avenues wouldn't be a limiting factor.
@@Core-Electronics in such configuration would you use only one ADC connected to the three geophones?
If the geo phone is bigger will it sense if you’re in another room ?
Is it possible to do the exact same project with a piezoelectric accelerometer istead of a geophone and a different analog-digital converter with a much higher sample frequency (like 10kHz) ?
you should change the adc 1115 for one ads1256 for example
thank you🙏💪
This be a good way to deter if someone is nearby in combat scenarios stand next to a wall when someone is walking around a corner your already ready for the action
Very cool application, that project reminds me of the Alien Motion Tracker 😊
Hi There, I have been trying follow all the steps that you did. I am using Raspberry Pi 4. I have tried to execute “sudo pip3 install matplotlib” several times however, it freezes the screen and the installation doesn’t progress. Could you please advise me why this has happened?
Hey, sorry you're having troubles, if you head over to our forum and raise the question our support team will be able to help you out, or one of our knowledgeable community members might be able to point you in the right direction. forum.core-electronics.com.au/
So cool.💯 What can we do if we need 0.1ms resulution. As far as i can see python is not that fast🤔
You can always use a faster Programing Language like C++. That will increase the max output of the ADS1115 ADC Board.
Hi, I am wondering if I want to connect three to get all axis how would I need to connect them to the raspberry and can I use raspberry pi zero? Thanks
The Pi Zero has the same pinout and will work, although you may be limited in processing power. If it's form factor that's the issue then a Pi Zero 2 might be a better pick. The ADC board can take in another geophone (the phone needs 2 analog pins and the ADC has 4), so if you want 3 you will need to connect an additional ADC board or one that has 6 analog pins.
Hope this helps!
Congratulation bro, How can I use geophone for earth quake signal
I wonder if a D7S-A0001 would be a viable alternative. If anybody knows, that would be a lot cheaper than the Geophone.
Hello! Is there a possibility that this ADS can be connected online, to be able to see its data in the RS network?
Absolutely! You can display live data/information to a website (that you can access from anywhere in your local network) using this guide right here - www.phidgets.com/education/learn/projects/pi-website-2/#setup
You will need to customise above to show the Geophone Data but it'd make for a fantastic project 😊 hit up our project page once you get it working (you may just get $200 store credit!) - core-electronics.com.au/projects/
@@Core-Electronics It's elar what you sent because it's not what I asked for. I asked if it is possible to connect (give live data) that ads from this tutorial to the Raspberry shake network
Ah I see RS was shorthand for Raspberry Shake!
My understanding is the Raspberry Shake Geophone System is tuned a particular way from the factory (Certain Gain. I really wanted to upload data to their phenomenal worldwide tracking system (stationview.raspberryshake.org/#/) but when I last checked I couldn't access this information to tune my system to their standard.
I believe it can be done but best to ask them directly for the process. It is definitely in their interest to have a Standard case/setup to ensure purity to their data.
Hey, I would like to know if simulating is possible with geophone in any software. If so, can you provide me with the name of the software?
Hey buddy, do you mean simulation the Geophone Output or Different ways to graph them? Always worth a check is Raspberry Shake - raspberryshake.org/
@@Core-Electronics Thank you! As part of our project, we are using ADS 1262 with rasp pi 4. So could u help with changes that would come with the code?
@@Core-Electronics I would like to know the software u used to simulate the geophone
Come write up a forum regarding the use of the ADS1262 (we'll best be able to help you there as we can exchange photos of set ups) - forum.core-electronics.com.au/
All software I used to display the voltage emitted by the bouncing Geophone is written in Python, you can download it at the bottom of the full written up article - core-electronics.com.au/guides/geophone-raspberry-pi/
@@Core-Electronics Thank you so much however I would like to know the software u used for simulation of the whole circuit without hardware parts like proteus or tinkercad?
I had major trouble with software setup.
It seems the site page instructions for getting packages is outdated.
For example python-dev got replaced by python-dev-is-python3
Also I keep getting hit with some "externally managed environment" error when trying the pip3 command.
I'm no expert, so I'm unsure what to watch out for - sometimes a work-around appears to go along nicely enough, but then hits a big error later.
Hey Matt, with the new Bookworm OS, we have been forced to use virtual environments (not using one gives the "externally managed environment"). We have a workaround for it here: core-electronics.com.au/guides/raspberry-pi/using-virtual-environments-in-thonny-on-a-raspberry-pi/
Thanks for spotting this, the guide has been updated!
@@Core-Electronics Looking good, I have been getting things set up well enough and been experimenting.
I have noticed the example Python Scripts I downloaded are a little different from what I see in the video. Instead of mV in the graph, it shows a raw Y_range variable with a range of +/- 750 in the program script. What exactly is this value, I think it comes in as a raw number from the ADC reading? Also, some lines of code such as the scale array is missing, as well as the equation where it calculates Voltage.
(Edit: I think I can adjust things by writing my own code, I just want to make sure I understand what raw number the program reads from the ADC reader, and work from there.)
I have a question, can this sensor be used as a security system?
That sounds like you have a project on your hands! You could definitely use it to track foot traffic through an area, maybe wire up a camera and snap a shot when you detect it, or sound a buzzer, but this can definitely be used as the basis of a security system!
Thank you. Can you give me information about the walking distance (normal walking) and the amount of voltage you found?❤
Is this considered as wireless?
If I started communicating to our Raspberry Pi system via Morse code I'd be happy to refer to it as Wireless 😋
You can look at the raspberry shake if you don’t want to do the work.
You definately need to cut your nails