Current does NOT take the Path of Least Resistance!
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- čas přidán 26. 04. 2024
- Electric current has to obey certain rules, like taking the path of least resistance. But when rules are that simple, they tend to be a little wrong. Let's see if we can write a better one.
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TIME CODES
00:00 Cold Open
00:29 Nuance
00:37 The Experiment
02:59 Better Rule
03:36 Charge Conservation
06:40 Kirchhoff's Current Law
07:56 What's a Junction?
08:38 Summary
09:37 Outro
10:03 Featured Comment
When I was learning about Kirchhoff’s current law, I kept waiting to hear what his previous law might have been.
😂
Kirchoff was initially working on a potential law, but it never amounted to anything.
Wonder if someone will locate a missing book from Kirchhoff and we can learn his future laws.
@@bumbixp kirchoff's "current" law, what was his previous? It's a joke. :)
@@lj516 'potencial' law is also a joke :)
Going through ALL the bulbs has actually less resistance than going through one...
The equivilent resistance of loads in parallel being less does feel a bit counter intuitive.
However, as resistance gets smaller, then the system draws more current. So, the whole system having less resistance, and the drawing more current than a single element does make sense.
Cmilkau, nailed.
Also, even over those short distances, the line resistance comes into play. The other saying, that is the flipside of "electricity takes the path of least resistance" is "electricity will take the shortest path to source/ground"
@@corydiehl764 , alternatively, think about it more intuitively in terms of _conductance,_ which is the reciprocal of resistance. When you have parallel paths, each with some conductance, the overall conductance is just the sum of the individual conductances, because any of the paths can be taken. It's the same as if you combined all of the paths into a single path. Ultimately, that's why 1/R = Σᵢ (1/Rᵢ).
@@JivanPal conductance makes it much more intuitive as an interpretation
I laughed way too hard when she said "One of your lightbulbs isn't bulbing" Love the content by the way
I wonder if there’s a way to cancel the wavelengths of light in such a way that we can have a shadow flashlight.
A flashlight of “dark light”.
A laser type device that cancels out all wavelengths of light that it radiates upon. Casting a shadow as dark as a black hole.
@@Bassotronics destructive interference
@ *hriutik Sawant*
Yup! Eggsactly
Sounds like something that our friend AvE might say! Like... "Needs more chooch!"
When you were shaking that wire I was totally expecting you to get ElectroBOOM'd.
Oh, it would've been great if those two were to do a collab ^_^
I've had that bulb board a long time and can confirm that it has ElectroBOOM'd me quite a few times.
And Photonicinduction
Any one who has been shocked has experienced being an additional path
Actually, I was being the *only* path.
Stupid 15 year old me decided to take one of those electric flyswatters apart, and I didn't make sure to discharge it beforehand. I took the batteries out, sure, but when I was disconnecting the capacitor, I accidentally connected the circuit and my arms flew apart and the backs of both of my hands hit the wall behind me.
It wasn't too painful, to be honest, but still. Lesson learned.
@@ComradePhoenix I removed a plug from a socket from the prongs when I was a kid, my hand was the short circuit path. good lesson learned, it was a mistake because I left the plug dangling instead of inserting it all the way.
always put it all the way, lesson learned.
The path that can be explained, is not the real path.
@@AndreSamosir Actually, I think the real path can be explained, but you won't be able to tell how fast it was going.
@@enjerth78 ahaha nvm, was a random 3am thought; it's the most famous quote from Tao Te Ching, the primary book of Taoism
You are really good at taking complex topics and presenting them so that anyone can understand them, quite often creating "Ah ha!" moments by viewers like me. Great stuff! 👍
The basis of geophysical imaging. The “path of least repulsion” is probably a more accurate language representation of the actual physical phenomena.
Wait until he brings up the AC-circuits. Then it becomes COMPLEX.
It's stunning he does it on every video.
Even considering this circuit, (where the load on it is potentially greater than the sum of the individual paths (voltage drops,)) why would the path of least resistance theory not be even more apparent in this example?
he really is. it's a pretty special gift, and it's wonderful that CZcams allows him to share it w the world
From my observations I've learned electricity always takes the path that costs me the most money.
So true. Broken supply neutral in a split-phase 240/120 system comes to mind.
😂
Ahah! And it really sounds like a law
Law of Acceleration of Debits?!! 😂😂😂
Even as an electrical engineer who knew all this I still feel like I learned something. You explain it so well that even though I know I get some deeper intuitive understanding. The equation I didn't know and you explained it really well.
Thanks 🤓
I am planning to take the course, can you tell me about work done by EE in their core jobs
"One of your lightbulbs isn't bulbing" is a statement I never knew I loved.
5:31 Nerd Clone: “Actually, J represents current density, not current”
Thank you, nerd clone. You make the world a better place. 💕
Your wire management is giving me shocks
I will see my self out
😂
The next time you want to post something like this? Resist.
I don't know. I found it rather... _enlightening._
These puns are so bad I wanna comit connecting ampermeter in parallel to the circuit.
😂 (me wrapped up like a coil laughing)
Improved version: "Current PREFERS the path of least resistance, but takes them all anyway"
MORE current takes the path of least resistance
Current takes all path scaling with conductance, how hard is it really?
@Hypercube Jones My dude, what the fuck was that sentence?
@Hypercube Jones I’d explain it the same way I would regarding electron placement within an atom. Statistical likelihood = ‘preference’
@Hypercube Jones you’ve made it out to seem like each electron is individually meta cognitive, which current science obviously doesn’t support. Think back to the photon slit experiment that tracked where each photon was likely to go even when fired the same way in the same place it differed in outcome with greater likelihood in certain areas. It didn’t consciously decide to go there, it just did
Im studying to become an electrical engineer, as soon as this showed up I clicked!
Same brother, same
Me too
I have my 2nd semester examination from 19th this month.. I'm also doing B.Tech in Electrical Engineering
Get an internship, forget about your gpa. I wish I had done that. Magna Cum Laude doesn’t trump experience. I promise
@@juanhurtado2679 same 😪
Genuinely my favorite science communicator. Makes it enjoyable without acting like we're all dumb babies. Easy to digest, easy to understand.
Since I'm an electrician, there was nothing new here for me, still you provide such an enjoyable content it was really nice to hear about this again from you.
There was REALLY nothing new here, also for normal people. Luckily it was the only episode I felt unnecessary.
@@tanner1985 I dunno about that. I had my education in electric schools, I wouldn't know if they teach it in normal school, but I know a bunch of normal people not knowing these.
Sorry about it then.
True, but I still enjoyed having someone phrase it differently
It's cool that you explain formulas in your videos, makes science seem much less intimidating.
Thanks! I think it's important. If I'm going to talk about an equation for more than 1-2 seconds, I need to explain it.
I hereby declare Nick to be our lord and saviour for clearing up perhaps the most annoying oversimplifications of physics.
All hail the conservation of energy
It was amazing😍😍 especially that derivation of Kirchoffs law from conservation of charge equation and visualisation...
Seriously love your videos. Your ability to break this stuff down and make it digestible is such a gift. Keep em comin!
You're calling that a "junction," but it's clearly the primary component of a flux capacitor.
All capacitors are flux capacitors. Electric flux is the total of an electric field accumulated throughout a given area. Capacitors have an electric field across the insulating gap between the plates. The property of capacitance as it depends on the geometry of the capacitor is calculated through the concept of electric flux.
Best explanations of basic electric principles I’ve ever seen! Just finished E&M this year and this would have been so helpful for when I was starting out.
Originally came to this channel for help in my physics class, now I just watch to have my mind blown and learn things I'd never considered before.
thanks for this video!! I trully admire how complicated concepts become really intuitive with your practical animations, simplifications and that finest sense of humor and puns.
when you learn physics, you have thousands of questions, and google doesn't help, there isn't much info, so these visualized explanations are priceless
That was one smooth segue into the sponsor message.
haha i came here to say the same thing :)
I became an EE specifically because my high school teachers failed to explain exactly this concept properly. I remember asking my science teacher "if electricity follows the path of least resistance, then why is it dangerous to touch a power line with a ladder? Shouldn't It all flow through the low resistance ladder?". He basically shrugged his shoulders and said he didn't know.
It wasn't until well into my second year that it all finally clicked and I recognized all the misconceptions I'd learned. It's hard to shake poorly learned concepts out of your head. I still encounter journeyman electricians who don't properly understand Kirchoffs' or Ohm's laws.
I'm glad you had better teachers later on.
The simplifications are important to teach basic concepts. Sometimes, I wonder if it's good to just say that "this is a simplification, actually it's more complicated, but we won't get into that now".
I love that Nick clearly says when things are a simplification.
@@aveekbh Yes, Nick avoids friction.
I love this guy lol. Third year Electrical engineering major and i come to your videos to obtain more intuitivity like or visual understanding of the material. Making the basics easier makes the harder stuff easier as well!
He was my Physics 1 teacher and I am now a civil engineer because I loved it so much.
I love how you really loosely (and beautifully) summarized my beginning electrical engineering courses. Divergence is so cool!
We always used the logic of "path of least resistance" to inherently mean "current likes to tend towards less resistant paths, but if there is a closed loop, then current will still flow."
A good point with the electrical lines is that the electronics circuits are DC and flow in one direction whereas the high powered lines are using AC current which flows back and forth.
The best explanation of the nabla operator and divergence! Thank you! And super video - really clearly and well explained!
That was a great explanation of a seemingly confusing equation.
indeed
For some reason, the pine cone next to the fork on the road made it so funnier
You are seriously awesome. Presentation, the pace, topics,clarity,funny comic timing,script,graphics,experiment, ugh finally a great science professer on youtube! Thank you!
Nice to see you got a sponsor!
Also the "fork on the road" joke was nice, especially as you chose to roll with the silverware analogy, instead of forcing the clone to abandon his intuition and reframe the it in terms of streets and crossroads
Dream Collab: *Veritasium, Vsauce, Electroboom, Science Asylum!*
Looking forward to it! 😍
One of the few channels I give a thumbs up to before I even press play. Great job as always!
The conclusion would be that yes, current takes the path of least resistance, but that doesn’t imply it takes *only* the path of least resistance (which is the impression the phrase gives).
As an additional side note, there’s a circuit known as a “current divider” which shows that in resistors (and impedances in AC circuits) connected in parallel, the current of the source flows through *all* resistors, not just through the smallest resistance. Furthermore it shows the current through any resistor is inversely proportional to its resistance, what we’d expect from Ohm’s law. The only time where the current would only flow through the path of least resistance is if such resistance is exactly 0 ohms (an ideal wire).
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The short description of the del operator you gave was clever!
And the explanation of the equation of conservation of charge was excellent. Electromagnetic theory was quite difficult for me and my friends since equations aren’t always explained in depth, only their proof/derivation is shown.
The assumption about KCL is hardly ever stated and people end up think it is always valid. Thanks for pointing that out! In transmission lines, current going in doesn’t equal current going out.
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Side note 2: the video is too good and it covers more than just correcting “path of least resistance”. Maybe you could change it to “Current does NOT take the path of least resistance | When KCL is not true” or something like that 🤔
I think my favorite thing about your videos is how you break down the equations. Seriously, I can’t appreciate it enough. Great video like always!
Thanks. Happy to help 🤓
Just like always the animations and the explanations make me rewrite my whole understanding even though I already know them 🤣 , you are my favorite youtuber ♥
Love the explaining and visualizing every part of an equation... more of that please! Makes the math so much more approachable.
Brilliant, this is an aspect not covered often on YT. Cheers!
I appreciate there's more varied background music (experiment segment) since last I watched the channel.
The Missus should get an award for 'bulbing'
(:
Great explanation of Kirchhoff's Law!!! Very important concept in electronics.
I really loved your laugh ❤️3:28 , that was so cute , I wish you keep that piece-of-moon 🌙 on your face forever , love you bro ✌️
Your explanation of that conservation of electric charge formula was really cool ❤️❤️❤️😊
Thanks 🙂
Thank you for doing a better job of explaining Kirchhoff’s law than my university lecturer did! Also probably the best segue to a VPN promotion that I’ve seen! Well done.
I love how properly you take the viewer from the perceptual to the conceptual level of understanding. Well done, thank you very much!
Thanks 🤓. Glad you appreciate it.
I find I often end up finding out how I'm wrong when I watch this channel. Not mad about it.
"Science is the method by which we become less wrong about the world." - I forget the source of the quote, but it's ever true. Science makes being wrong into an opportunity, rather than a shame. :)
Amazing explanations! As a future science educator, I'm very inspired by your videos.
Awesome as always! I am an electrical engineer and I never heard such a neat and to the point explanation as yours! Great job and thanks for the content!
I've just run into the topic and Bam! A new related video😊thank you, it's thorough and clear
Yo, this is such a good video. There’s something in here for everyone. And it’s so easy to understand.
I love the way how Nick explains his *NERD SENTENCES* to his clones so they can understand each and every aspects of those, hoping our teachers were the same! 😀😀
I really appreciate how you both show the math and explain what it means!
Hi! The best explanation of conservation of charge, ever! So elegant! Thank you so much!
Hey wife
Why is does his videos feel so great and counter intuitive
I like how the thumbnail asks the question and the title answers it
the fact that you can make me smile while making me learn is priceless, thank you so much !!
When i first came to this channel 2 years ago... I felt this channel was only recommend for high school students... Now the explain is so lucid that any science crazy can grasp it.... Keep you the good work Sir👏👏... You are helping many people like us... Love from India 🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳
I always laughed at that. When I design even a simple circuit, it takes ALL paths...inversely proportional to resistance. If it didn't, your house would only have one light or appliance working at any one time...assuming it was the one with the lowest resistance in the power block. And the lowest power block resistance in the entire circuit of the power plant...
Nobody interpreted it to mean "not all paths" though.
@@culwin common folk interpret like that all the times...
@@monad_tcp I don't think they do. If they did, a simple analogy of water would make it obvious and they would never interpret it like that again.
An average of all paths is seen by the battery. But a dead short would put all the lights out, each path must have resistance for it to work. An old model railroad trick, put a car tail light bulb in series with the track. If something metal falls on the track and shorts it out, the bulb will light up, and prevent a dead short. It barely lights at all while the train is running.
@@alphagt62 Even a dead short keeps all paths powered--it's just that the short is of extremely low resistance. Usually it draws more power than the source can easily supply, leaving little for alternate paths and the voltage sags severely. In a perfect world, with a perfect supply, the lights/devices would stay on. But that dead short would get very, very hot...
I need a world filled with your clones teaching science to kids.
Love this explanation! Your content always delivers
I really love that you show the formulas and explain what they say. Not being able to read (comprehend) formulas seems to be one of the biggest hurdles in scientific literacy. People seriously under-estimate how easier can your everyday life be, if you know how to read, use and design scientific formulas + apply some basic algebra to them. If you reach the level of being able to enter formulas into excel, you can calculate pretty much anything that doesn't involve landing people on the moon.
It's one of the trickiest skills to teach. Children don't wanna learn it, because it's useless for problems they are facing in their daily lives. Adults don't wanna learn it, because they are settled in using math-less heuristic/intuitive approaches to solve their problems. You should see the utter horror and confusion in people's faces, when you suggest calculating the solution to a complex problem instead of guesstimating it.
I'm currently studying for a physics exam at university and I was pleasantly surprised when I saw the continuity equation (the one with the density of charge and the divergence) being explained so smoothly and simple after studying it's mathematical proof! Very well done!
Thanks! 🤓
I'd love to see a video series with a part by part breakdown for various equations, like what was done here.
That into and out of space explanation is really good, gosh we need brains like these, I mean explanations
This was a surprisingly excellent explanation of Kirchoff's Laws. I didn't even come here to learn about them, but man, that was great!
When I started learning about resistors in parallel I sensed a cover-up and I asked my teacher about it and she smiled the way you do when a metaphorical light bulb switches on. Thanks for the giving me an answer after half a decade.
Glad I could help 🙂
Try that with your kids: _no exceptions, because quantum mechanics_
This channel gives me so much trust that I like first and then watch.
You are r eally really really good at explaining things.
I am glad i found your channel.
Yeah, i'd say the correction to the old saying is valid. Great video, very informative. 😊
"There are 4 lights!!!" -JLP
LMFAO!
It is an Amazing video that combines common sense with scientific knowledge. You rectified the "current takes the path of least resistance" to "More current takes the path of least resistance". Great job Nick👍
The only channel that really helps me understanding Maxwell’s equations and electromagnetism better and better throughout these videos.
Thank you so much!
In high voltage applications like transmission lines, there is actually a tiny "loss" of electric charge due to "partial discharge" aka. corona discharge.
Resistance is futile… but needed in a controlled circuit.
Just imagined a dystopian dictator saying that
Borg.
Great visualisation of the continuity equation! That could be a video for its own. I wish that I saw this earlier.
I'm so sorry Nick I was late I always watch your videos first day at the time of upload but I had work. Love you always. Amazing video.
Glad you finally got to it 🙂
@@ScienceAsylum :)
Kirchhoff's law was a high school nightmare of mine. This is the first time I felt like I understood it to some extent.
I feel like it was kinda straight forward, it's same like with water, if water flows through a pipe, and this pipe leads to few other pipes, then the water going in will be the same amount as water coming out. So idk why it was nightmare :P
A lot can depend on how well or badly it was explained.
@@PinkeySuavo Its Nick who brought this water pipe analogy. Solving circuits straight from Kirchhoff's formulation is going to give u a headache.
Yeah, highschool was pretty straightforward although not very well explained, later this made much more sense and became a really useful tool for the short time I needed it :s
Some of these obscure "rules", "laws" etc are just basic common sense disguised behind jargon
OK, that segue into the sponsor message was hilarious.
Excellent. Thank you for the clarification.
Great as always!
All hail the Gradient 🔽
I love how you explained the divergence in that simple way!
It's something that is explained in physics classes, but between the lines because MATH AND FORMALISM FIRST! and necessarily you lost the physical meaning behind it
I got the impression the professors teaching it didn’t have the best understanding. If you watch MIT lectures you will see they know what they are doing and they can explain in the simplest terms.
I wouldn't say that everything is always ok with math and formalism either (it usually isn't)
One of my favorite ytube subscriptions. I hate the math tho, but the visual breakdowns helps. I like Mr clone too...always asking questions and getting tossed around in space. Lol
Two observations; 1) Are kids watching this? 120V circuit with all those clip leads laying around? In this day and age, I would water that down to low voltage LEDs to account for today’s uninitiated. 2) The video is essentially demonstrating current flow. But the current ripples in the illustration show electron flow or current flow moving in the direction from positive to negative. It’s the other way around. Well, you did mention charge flow a few times, and that would suffice in engineering circles, but this lesson targets basic electronics students. Thanks for the math lesson, though. I always learn from your show. Love it.
Once I posted a negative comment in this section. Well, I am sorry. Now that you have really broadened my mind enough to write it, I must say I appreciate your work a lot. Every time I hear you say sth absolutely wrong, an outward lie, a word trick of some sort, I finish watching a bit off, but some time passes and some things I learn... and a brainwave happens. Always, like in a flash, I remember that you had expressed the same thought that I now produced in my mind and it was me who was on the wrong side of the fence. For that reason, I think this is one of the best channels on the whole Censor-me (because the Medieval is in the vogue) Tube. You do broaden the mind. Good job. Thanks.
Saying stuff like this is difficult. Your effort is acknowledged.
Well, in a video about electronics, a negative comment would be pretty on-topic...
'One of your light bulbs isn't bulbing!' Hilarious! d>_0b
I really hope that you can teach calculus and other math classes
it's so intuitive and math students need you
Awesome content and quality of teaching man. 👏
Holy smokes this is a cool experiment!! Thanks my Crazy Science Sensei! I'm too much of a wuss to try electronics experiments at home, but I may start...
The setup I had is extremely dangerous with all that exposed metal and wall socket power, but I'm a trained professional. I'd recommend starting with battery powered circuits and hobby bulbs.
Yes, please don't do this with mains electricity. It's far too dangerous even if you know what you are doing.
It will work perfectly fine with a battery-powered circuit and will give you exactly the same result.
@@ScienceAsylum - Nick, I really wish you had done this with 24V DC - you could have used the same light bulbs, and it would have been far less dangerous.
I would love to see a video about the similarities between heat flow, electricity, and fluid flow...we just use the analogies to solve physics problems, but it feels a little...wrong
It's definitely a little wrong, but analogies can be helpful.
Analogies are mere models. Models have limitations. Analogies seem to "fail" only when the limitations of the models used are not explicitly presented beforehand.
Those models are actually super useful and helped me out a lot when I studied physics. You do have to understand their limitations though. Like turbulence in hydraulic flow: it doesn't have an equivalent in electric flow so that's where the analogy breaks down.
@@XEinstein There is Eddy current and induction which are somewhat turbulent in nature
@@vinlebo88 eddy currents also happen in hydraulic flow, but when the flow is laminar, not when it is turbulent, so you can't compare that to electrical eddy's
The technical difficulties splash screen is absolutely hilarious. I work in software, it seems like a lot of my work devolves to seeing this screen a lot!
😆 Thanks for appreciating it.
what a perfect timing for an add. it certainly must feel better than companies watching my browsing habbits
It's interesting, this is one of those things that I've always wondered about.
In school they tell you that current takes the path of least resistance; but if that was literally the case; then only one light bulb will light up, in a parallel circuit.
I'm really glad to finally have that question answered after all these years. Thank you for such a comprehensive video.
Here's an extra thought. In that circuit, with 4 bulbs in parallel, there is 120V (or so) advertorial that circuit. Each bulb still has 120V across it, regardless of whether or not the other bulbs are present. Each bulb then passes current according only to its own resistance.
Electronics says: “Resistance is futile!”
Picard says: There...are...FOUR lights!
Diode enters the chat...
Current distributes paths inverse proportionally to diminishing resistance.
Resistance doesn't really exist in alternating current systems. It's instead inductance.
09:01 just.... it's just so much intuitive!!!!
Thank you for your teaching and sharing ur knowledge. U r like feynman for ohysics in my lofe right now. I mean that sentence helps in solving a lot problems and doibts i had since i had about electricity in middle school.
Such an awesome explanation! Keep it up dude👍👍👍
Thanks! 🤓
I live my life by the principles of MCTTPQLR, BSCTEAEP.
Great video Nick. Often hear this misconception, even from some of my electrical engineering buddies. They know Kirchhoff's current law, but I think the path of least resistance "rule" is something they learned so early that they sometimes forget it isn't really true. Next time I have to explain to someone why we need to protect our electronics from lightning, even if we have a lightning rod with a thick cable on it, I will send them your video.
There was an article a while back where a car went off the road. It knocked over a fire hydrant and a streetlight, and stopped over the exposed wires from the streetlight. If I remember right, two people died when they stepped into the water going to help the person in the car. Current was flowing all through that pool, not only the short distance between the exposed wires.
Your channel is very good. Informative and entertaining!
Thank you 🤓
I learned that Kirchhoff is pronounced as Kirkoff .
Kirchhoff rules are actually very useful , it helped me a lot when i was learning about current and circuits.
I _love_ Kirchhoff's rules! I would often go "full geek" whenever I had the chance to teach them in a classroom.