Enzymes | Cells | Biology | FuseSchool

Enzymes | Cells | Biology | FuseSchool
Enzymes are really important proteins that speed up the rates of reactions such as in photosynthesis, respiration and protein synthesis.
The enzymes and substrates are always moving, and occasionally they collide at the right speed and orientation so that the substrate fits into the enzyme at the active site. Collision theory dictates that collisions must occur with sufficient energy and in a specific orientation for a reaction to occur.
Enzymes are specialised; their active site matches the shape of the specific substrate that they react with. The enzyme and the substrate fit together using a lock and key mechanism. Once the substrate is in the active site, the reaction takes place. The required product is produced and the enzyme releases itself and carries on moving around.
The enzyme could be: protease, which breaks down proteins into amino acids; carbohydrase which breaks down carbohydrates into glucose; or lipase which breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerols.
Hydrogen peroxide is often formed as a result of reactions in cells, and if it is left to build up it is harmful. Luckily, we have catalase enzymes that are really fast. They break the hydrogen peroxide down into the harmless water and oxygen.
Equally, enzymes can help build up molecules like this… but the process is still exactly the same.
Whilst enzymes do fantastic things, they are sensitive. Each enzyme has optimum conditions under which it works best. Firstly, there needs to be enough substrate around - they need a high enough substrate concentration for the reaction that they catalyse. If there is too little substrate, then the rate of reaction is slowed. Sometimes, if there is too much product around, the reaction slows because the enzymes and substrates have less chance of bumping into each other. So the product needs to be removed for a higher rate of reaction.
Enzymes also have optimum pH and temperature conditions. Up to a point, an increase in temperature causes an increased rate of reaction because there is more heat energy. More energy means more collisions. However, above a certain temperature the rate drops off due to denaturing. We will look at the effect of pH and temperature on enzymes in our video ‘Denaturation of Enzymes’. The pH and temperature optimum conditions are specific to the conditions in which they work in; an enzyme that works in the stomach, for example, would have a more acidic optimum pH.
And of course, there need to be enough enzymes around for the rate of reaction to be optimised.
So we know that enzymes and substrates fit together at the active site and form a ‘lock and key’ mechanism. The enzyme then releases the product and can be reused again. They are sensitive to temperature and pH, and there needs to be sufficient enzyme and substrate concentrations for reactions to occur.
Enzymes not only control all kinds of reactions such as in photosynthesis, respiration, digestion and protein synthesis, but we also make use of them in day to day life. Protease and lipase enzymes are used in biological washing powders to remove proteins and fats from stains in our clothes. We also use enzymes in our food and drink industries; pectinase is used to break down the cells in fruit when making fruit juice so that more juice is released.
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[@shazinshafi6329]

Every topic of enzyme covered in 4 mins wow 😨👏🏻 ! N that too with full explanation. My teacher required 2 classes for this 😂😭

[@Simon_D01]

This was for my homework and my lord how well explained!

[@Lossyblues854]

Mannn I’m doing it rn

[@gayathri.8523]

LOL mine too!!

[@fallenkiller89]

agreed

[@deeferz]

SyZ7OC lord?

[@johnmadden2421]

no

[@keziahmayer6155]

What accent is this? Sounds to me like a South African moved to England and stayed with the Queen for 10 years. Very nice! Also, great explanation :)

[@TheBullsBaller]

what??? no its not

[@TheBullsBaller]

this doesn't sound like a southerner at all

[@dhyanammehta4672]

that's a bit racist

[@deeferz]

keziah mayer lmaooooooo

[@RuthlesssMagic]

kiwi/new Zealand I think?

[@TsetsiStoyanova]

Много добро видео!

[@titantinigaming2493]

it is confusing

[@sophiemicheal9574]

The topic was really well explained! Thank you so much!❤️❤️❤️

[@fuseschool]

Thank you! Glad you liked it!!

[@raniahamid5929]

I am doing o levels and your notes are very helpful for me thanks

[@WaseemAhmed-ej4rw]

you explained the best up until now :D

[@ksumar]

Fantastic summary Sir!
Brilliantly put together and explained in 4 mins!👍

[@fuseschool]

Thank you kindly!

[@MrX-jw6bq]

Thank you for well explanation !! I was very tensed for the bio midterm on Tuesday, but after watching this I'm relieved now!! Hopefully gonna attempt the paper with credence !! Eeehh 9th grade GCSE 😋

[@fuseschool]

Hope all went well!

[@ikking9041]

You literally summed up an entire text book!

[@cjhepburn7406]

The lock and key are just random collisions?

[@antonia5357]

Thank you for this explanation!!! This is perfect for 12-13 year olds like me! I needed this for my upcoming test on enzymes, nutrition, drugs and sugar intake so thank you! Wish me lucks guys my test is on Monday :D !!!

[@fuseschool]

Hope it went well!

[@ladofthecentury7311]

FuseSchool - Global Education nah they failed

[@unknown_6025]

Thank You very much for the great explaination my bro❤💘👀

[@kabeerfazlani9719]

Appreciated
Amazing!!!
Understood well!!

[@fuseschool]

So glad!

[@iconic_specter9237]

good educational video

[@rudainajadallah1075]

Thanks for fuse school for your endless efforts I learn so much and adding loads of explanation after my teacher..

[@fuseschool]

Always happy to help! 🤗

[@concreteiskool6384]

Thank you so much this was super helpful!!

[@fuseschool]

You're welcome! Glad it was helpful!

[@rosebumble9099]

You only mentioned the lock and key hypothesis. What about the induced fit hypothesis?

[@MegaTrivial]

Where do we find catalase in food, or wherever?

[@bihansathathsari7254]

this video helped me a lot in biology .
thanks
this is the best educational channel for me

[@fuseschool]

That's so great to hear! ❤️

[@rahmaosama9866]

You are perfect 👌!

[@applesiek7296]

Thanks! This really help me! I have test today!!

[@fuseschool]

Hope it went well!

[@emanmohm6966]

Great explain. Thank you..ser

[@fuseschool]

You are welcome!

[@Free_Palestine_75]

I have to re-sit my biology year 10 biology exam but it's my last one and I finish school on friday (7th June) 👌👌👌

[@sfezz9915]

Really like your videos and they are a great teaching tool. However, the lock and key model for enzyme reactions was discarded years ago for the Induced fit model. Any chance of an update on your video?

[@fuseschool]

Yes, we will be working on it. Thank you!

[@palesacreighton3452]

so good! thanks a lot!!!

[@fuseschool]

No problem!

[@user-ji1sp9le6i]

Good luck bro

[@user-ji1sp9le6i]

Good

[@fuseschool]

Thanks!

[@puma8262]

I passed AP bio but I'm still watching these videos....guess I just miss it that much 😭

[@ahmedelmi9266]

you have notes? i'm struggling.

[@jessicasiek4999]

Thank you! This really help me!

[@fuseschool]

Glad it did!

[@ileanamurillo8902]

please dont stop making videos :) good job !

[@fuseschool]

Thank you!

[@tolonews5189]

Love
You
Sir
For Your Great Jobs And I Learn Alots From Your #Video

[@fuseschool]

That's great!

[@MadrassaDzOubahMed]

Thanks a lot dude 💖 don't stop making videos..
I just have a question... Which program did u use to make this type of videos

[@fuseschool]

Thanks 😉 We use After Effects to create our videos.

[@divyagaudeb9538]

Helpful

[@metamorphosis6061]

if collision is taking place with sufficient energy
what if two different substrate and enzymes collide with each other don't they damage each other

[@sushilkumarray266]

Good question talented child

[@subhihangmalimboosubhihang9181]

Thanks to u.. U saved me 😅

[@xxgamer_raxx1737]

Omg thank u so much I was so stuck at this topic ❤

[@fuseschool]

You're so welcome!

[@matteogadda1105]

Siate onorati, perché il maestro ha benedetto questo video

[@bambiduke1856]

good video

[@pinderboy4565]

Thanks dude very helpful for me and my teacher

[@fuseschool]

No problem! Glad it was helpful!

[@obchoeiikamin5013]

thank you

[@slimesquishesandmore7679]

This helped me so much thank you ❤️❤️🙏🙏

[@fuseschool]

You're so welcome! Glad it helped!

[@itsjpdelossantos]

This video is a great supplemental to my studies. Thank you! THUMBS UP!

[@fuseschool]

Thank you!

[@nijanshisingh7765]

Thank you so much !

[@fuseschool]

You are most welcome!

[@user-og6vw8kg6t]

Finally i understood enzymes. Wow

[@fuseschool]

So glad!

[@poetic_pianist_]

It says video not available on mac, I right now am on windows device. My mac doesn't have any bugs, please fix it.

[@orietrecknell2982]

Wow, really well explained.

[@fuseschool]

Thank you!

[@summerd170]

@@fuseschool hi. I have a question please reply
What exactly is the definition or role of the substrate and is the active site where the enzyme and substrate bind together? Pls take a minute out of your day to respond will be appreciated

[@fuseschool]

@Summer :D This should answer your questions: biologydictionary.net/substrate/

[@abidahassan]

this was so helpful omg

[@fuseschool]

Glad it was helpful!

[@mariahdavis9545]

I wonder if there is a worksheet for this video

[@christophercancel934]

So question: if I were to turn Enzyme into a transformation for a character in my book, what would it’s abilities be used for against enemies?

[@sansquid1773]

my brain just lagged

[@ujaanaich8216]

So Nice Animations! Thanks for making the topic crystal clear for me. I will surely support you :)

[@fuseschool]

Thank you so much 🤗 appreciate it!

[@plantscience.]

Good lecture

[@fuseschool]

Thank you!

[@tolonews5189]

Thanks

[@fuseschool]

No problem

[@trollite5384]

OML! I just had a Chem test yesterday and I watched yo video and go 90% so tomorrow is a bio quiz les see what happen!

[@fuseschool]

Amazing! Good luck with the bio quiz!

[@trollite5384]

@@fuseschool I GOT 100% INSANE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!TYSM!

[@fuseschool]

Awesome! Well done 🙌👏🎉

[@jayachowdhury2724]

Beautiful animation

[@fuseschool]

Thank you!

[@F-Cornucopia]

How does immobilised enzymes differ to normal enzyme process? Or is it part of the same thing...

[@fuseschool]

The process is the same, but with immobilised enzymes - the enzyme is fixed to a solid substrate so it is not washed away - useful in biotechnology.

[@sararaza4741]

Thank u v helpful

[@fuseschool]

Glad it was helpful!

[@makhalelala2351]

how do they word in food

[@zainkhosabaloch6135]

Love yaaa

[@RomulusMorgan]

Hhhhhh another Life Sciences video by a South African. Why do we like Life Sciences so muchhhhh

[@kibby3913]

So basically i have a jigsaw inside of me.

[@rufikunbargi9407]

thanks

[@johnmadden2421]

no

[@cjhepburn7406]

Protein Synthasis?

[@NoshabaNawaz]

Can you explain it more sir

[@dewniwasundara3242]

very important

[@deeferz]

Dewni Wasundara wht

[@johnmadden2421]

no

[@elizamorga4444]

I feel like I understood this so well because the man in the video sounds like a South African(who has lived in England for a while)

[@chamaricaldera5216]

Ok

[@byebye6828]

Wow it's almost as if someone already said that...

[@cjhepburn7406]

I like when more juice...

[@lanaxooo]

gah damn how u disliking a video about enzymes LMAO

[@jaimas76]

0:38

[@user-rs9pr1ob2b]

Very helpful thank you

[@johnmadden2421]

no

[@fuseschool]

Glad it was helpful!

[@rohitsurve8411]

Thanks good explanation

[@johnmadden2421]

no

[@fuseschool]

@rohit surve Thank you!

[@muhammadsaif780]

No offense to thia channel its great but yall should try amoeba sisters

[@TT-San]

Nice voice

[@calebwitcher3460]

yeeeaaaah..no

[@deeferz]

Lol Caleb

[@johnmadden2421]

no

[@jaimas76]

1:13

[@amitcarbyne3635]

Slow the video to 0.75x. Much better

[@shoulders-of-giants]

prote-ASE

[@alannahwright9839]

Hehe me being here for school

[@blohshpp]

is this the queen speaking??

[@anniew4279]

Shouldn't enzymes and substrates have an induced-fit model instead of lock-and-key since enzymes can change shapes to better accommodate their specific substrates?

[@johnmadden2421]

no

[@tjipenaetjombonde8579]

They have both

[@floralynphea3400]

He needs to speak a bit slower and clearer and the background music is distracting so should be omitted.

[@euphoria1942]

I think its perfectly fine

[@aditabeesh9247]

Put the speed at 0.75

[@charlotteward3843]

You can slow down the playback speed 😊

[@amitcarbyne3635]

Reduce the playback speed to 0.75x. Click on the 3 dots at the top right -> playback speed -> 0.75x

[@parthaadhikary7276]

Exactly whatever he is saying is not clear

[@morganap5648]

my school didnt sub so i will

[@andrewnewcomb5030]

Who’s here for Jacobsens class lol

[@koketsobaholo7]

Jesus will always love you fam, regardless of your past.

[@jamesvarney8783]

Anybody else see the deathstar?

[@bolajiasuelimen6579]

Nice video well explained but kindly speak at a slower rate so as for listeners to jot down what you are saying. But once again well explained video

[@johnmadden2421]

no

[@fuseschool]

Thanks and noted!

[@nickheiser1027]

Yeet

[@vandine690]

Hi this is wasif

[@phinp9734]

that music in the background is very annoying

[@fuseschool]

Sorry about that!

[@phinp9734]

@@fuseschool np it might not be a problem for others but I couldn't concentrate, it's not ur fault. Sorry for worthless comment. Hope I did not offend you.

[@fuseschool]

Not at all, we appreciate your feedback! Thank you!

[@hanahahmad]

hi

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धन्यवाद (thankyou in hindi )

[@medquiz8859]

Nice video

[@johnmadden2421]

no

[@fuseschool]

Thanks!

[@archimedies9369]

h

[@hershel4129]

N

[@ethanjobson6150]

Day before the exam anyone?

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Nope just you how did it go

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HI GUYS I AM RHODRI JONES VERY EMO HELLO

[@johnmadden2421]

no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no

[@domichuyt6439]

Yes

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Mommy

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bin yong

[@johnmadden2421]

no

[@progamersking9374]

Gane english na fake

[@barnabyk6987]

I can see you reading this 9.4.

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thanks

[@johnmadden2421]

no

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no

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John Madden yes