I am a biology major and started watching this in the background for fun while I played Minecraft. An interesting thing I learned recently is that plants are very much conscious and can experience pain and stress. They are also extremely empathetic and will show signals of stress, like a human, when other animals or plants get stressed or are in danger. They can also somewhat read your mind or more so your intention. This was found out when putting a polygraph test. It also makes sense for them to be conscious since trees share information and nutrients with each out through their root systems and because pruning works and vines are able to climb the way they do. They have shown in many ways they are capable of learning, we just didn't realize it was consciousness until somewhat recently.
Dr. Jagadesh Chandra Bose, proved this in the 1920’s before our good brother, Cleve Backster, whom continued on where Dr Bose left off. Another great soul; George Washington Carver and his relationship with plants and that he “communicated “, with the plants he worked with.
People have been saying that ever since I can remember and for centuries before… but we were considered Tin foil hatters. Lol… I’d love to see the body of research you’ve come across … you might be interested in dr emoto’s water experiments if you haven’t seen that yet
This was a very unique insight to horticulture I have recently applied for a college course in horticulture and Im trying to get as much details about the very basics of horticulture and also the introductory side of horticulture I love everything to with nature and plants and the outdoors
Just starting dabbling into horticulture but it's so cool that you can not only learn new stuff fast, but put it into practice immidietly most of the time.
Love and Light. The instructor is teaching that plants are not conscious. I plan on studying this subject but I can’t help feel, this is the reason why the young people say that “school is full of sh&t!”
I'm a freshman at my college and they have a Landscaping Horticulture class, I applied for the fall and I'm taking their horticulture degree. This video was really helpful in getting a view of what it'd be like.
250 something trying some to remember and memorizing the Botanical names... am honored to be introduced to these nature. You got love plants to try to study them. but who hates plant? :) Chrysanthemum is most used botanical name, I wish most of the common names used were used by their botanical names.
I'm an absolute nuffy, my terrible maths skills have held be back from learning science and horticulture was as close as it gets without having to feel like an idiot (Failed my degree in science in the first semester xD). I start a cert III in Horticulture while I work on my maths so I can eventually move into plant sciences/biochem down the track. I dream of growing plants sustainably in low earth orbit or maybe even on a moon base. Lets get it!
Jodell Mae Alpanta Hi! I'm a senior in High School. I've been thinking on majoring in Horticulture, nevertheless I have no idea were to take it, can you tell me where did choose to take it. Thank you
@@valeriage5701 ytt You can get you a new tubes and I there operation des office. Please.gtm8kemike cadexsdew the same time to get a big one and I love you too it's 67
Im looking into this because I've studied a course that had a lot of plant science and crop and field protection. I know the science and how the ecosystems work but the practical would be beyond me. X 😂
Definitively, maybe not youtube by itself but the internet will and for many already has. Wikiversity for example has been around for a while. Learned how to make both Hollywood style visual effects and make videogames from youtube. Learned everything from how to build cool lamps to making an oscilloscope. Online you can even find instructions for how to make everything from an open source EEG to an open source Coca Cola. I love the internet, lets make sure we save it and keep it as free and open as possible, knowledge should be for everyone.
CZcams will, but this video won’t I had to stop watching this at 10:42 because it got so cringe worthy… Charles Darwin described “descent with modification“, survival of the fittest was an oversimplification of his contemporaries. Also talking about “seeds” being fertilized Is just beyond ignorant like, even my nephew knows that it’s the ovaries that accept the pollen tubes to become the fertilized offspring i.e. the seed.
It already has, if your not in need of a certification you tube is the ultimate college, I’m a you tube graduate and I’m successful and it’s only getting better! Life is good :-) thank you You Tube
8:00 Liz Woodward states, "they have no conscience", but on the slide it says "no conscious". I would imagine plants have their own unique consciousness, no? or is it that they have no conscience, aka, they do not judge perceptions as right or wrong? I would assume the latter, but I am hoping for clarification! Thank you in advance
It’s usually an Ag school major. Design school does Landscape Architecture, so look into your State Uni, they have the Ag schools. Might have landscape architecture.
What does your research say about job growth in this sector for the foreseeable future. You want to invest you time and hard earned money into something thats going to be around a while. I'm sure as with most things that horticulture has many different areas to make a good career. May God guide you in your search.
Evolution more closely resembles a shrub in its shape, with varied genera ancestors leading to newer species in time. Because of that, humans cannot be considered most evolved, since old branches of life continue to be evolving (e.g. 3.5 billion years of evolution in the Archaea domain). Pertaining to plants, newer and newer species of asteraceae are being discovered worldwide, as well as orchidaceae.
Angiosperms. I’d say they have more complex system than laters. Those are all flowering plants. Venus fly trap, pitcher plant etc, they all fall under Angiosperms
I did a quick Google search under university of California master gardener textbook 2015, and voilà. Not sure if it's the same exact as in the video but I'm sure there is plenty of useful info.
@@kalobazar5696 a lot of universities have horticulture majors and minors, just look up colleges and universities in your area, or not because you could probably take some online classes too now, just look on their academics page and their offered programs then you can apply :)
Unfortunately people spend many years in the universities getting very important and rich knowledge in this world with a silly aim of getting employment at the end of the day instead of applying it in their own lives and see how they can use it to create jobs for themselves and their own children. I dont mean in a badway but someone like you only need a land outside the city to work on and an office to guide people on how to start small gardening for those who have interest in gardening but lack the knowledge you have in exchange for some few dollars in return.thats a job to you.you dont have to sit there and wait for people to give you job
Agriculture: cultivation of land (soil) Horticulture: cultivation of a garden I think the big difference is in the scale? Although not quite sure, some gardens can be huge too! Or maybe agriculture = food, whereas horticulture = flowers. Not sure where the line is drawn.
Agriculture deals with large scale food production, doesnt even need to deal with plants technically. Horticulture is more intensive and specifically deals with plants, and includes food producing plants, ornamentals, and native species propagation. Horticulture is more botany leaning whereas agriculture is more about cultivation and production. They overlap, but there focus is a bit different.
@ la crema I am a student of Agriculture and majoring in Horticulture. Actually, Horticulture is a branch of Agriculture. Agriculture consists of 1. Crop production (called Agronomy) 2. Plant protection (called Plant Pathology for diseases of plants and Entomology for insect pests) 3. Plant Breeding and Genetics 4. Agricultural Extension 5. Horticulture which deals with fruits (Pomology), vegetables (Olericulture) and flowers (Floriculture)
@@enjoypolo I am a student of Agriculture and majoring in Horticulture. Actually, Horticulture is a branch of Agriculture. Agriculture consists of 1. Crop production (called Agronomy) 2. Plant protection (called Plant Pathology for diseases of plants and Entomology for insect pests) 3. Plant Breeding and Genetics 4. Agricultural Extension 5. Horticulture which deals with fruits (Pomology), vegetables (Olericulture) and flowers (Floriculture)
Plants are conscious. It's been more than demonstrated beyond doubt. But as usual, academics need to lag behind about 20 years on what the actual knowledge is.
@@dustinb1070 Yes, I know. The discovery isn't that recent. The original study is by Bakster and it is entitled "Elements of Primary Perception in Plants'. Then the studies went on to an amazing extent, finding out that plants literally understand our intentions, with no doubt, and there's a book that collects all the studies, wonderful read if a bit technical, "The Secret Life of Plants..
It’s a fact. If you’d been to school you’d know the professions use words in a more exacting way than the vernacular speaker like you. You’re confusing theory with hypothesis, the latter is an unproven idea. The food you eat and the modern medicine you expect to save you are both proof of evolution. Stop being ignorant in public.
Why does cannabis smell like almost every aroma on the planet, but nothing smells quite like cannabis? lol Was it actually the very 1st terpene producing plant?
I took notes and loved learning but I have to say, it's ridiculous to think all these beautiful plants and animals evolved for nothing from nothing. It's just nonsense. There are 2 options: either God created the world or the world created itself. I don't have enough faith to be an atheist.
Lol god did it right? Why even study anything at all if your just going to outright deny the fundamentals because it clashes with your archaic world view?
Scientific means facts. Evolution is true wether you believe it or not, so please stop waving your ignorance around in public. The very fact that flowers and food crops are bred for changes proves evolution, so why are you even here?
Following the word's etymology, 'herbe' is an Anglo-French 14th-century word, which would mean all dialects of English, probably with the exception of Jersey in the Channel, are wrongly eununciating 'herb' in English conversation.
Both of you know nothing of Linguistics. The pronunciation of a word is determined by the agreed upon usage by a community of users in a particular location. Also known as a dialect. There is no singular correct way that is applicable to all English speakers and furthermore one doesn’t determine what the modern pronunciation is based off etymology or historical usage.
I liked it untill you kept speaking darwinism. he was proving wrong many times. find someone that know what there talking about lady and u could pry teach it really good
I've studied evolutionary biology at university and Darwin, although in some instances having hypotheses disproven like any scientist, is still reputed today for his evolutionary theory that a tonne of since research has confirmed. That theory is still the best explanation we have to date. Disproven by who? Show us.
I am a biology major and started watching this in the background for fun while I played Minecraft. An interesting thing I learned recently is that plants are very much conscious and can experience pain and stress. They are also extremely empathetic and will show signals of stress, like a human, when other animals or plants get stressed or are in danger. They can also somewhat read your mind or more so your intention. This was found out when putting a polygraph test. It also makes sense for them to be conscious since trees share information and nutrients with each out through their root systems and because pruning works and vines are able to climb the way they do. They have shown in many ways they are capable of learning, we just didn't realize it was consciousness until somewhat recently.
Dr. Jagadesh Chandra Bose, proved this in the 1920’s before our good brother, Cleve Backster, whom continued on where Dr Bose left off. Another great soul; George Washington Carver and his relationship with plants and that he “communicated “, with the plants he worked with.
i totally agree
People have been saying that ever since I can remember and for centuries before… but we were considered Tin foil hatters. Lol… I’d love to see the body of research you’ve come across … you might be interested in dr emoto’s water experiments if you haven’t seen that yet
We know next to nothing about everything
- Frankincense
❤💞❤
This series is what let's people become florists who can't afford education. Thank you.
This was a very unique insight to horticulture I have recently applied for a college course in horticulture and Im trying to get as much details about the very basics of horticulture and also the introductory side of horticulture I love everything to with nature and plants and the outdoors
How is it going?
Yeah Mark, How is it going?
We're waiting Mark
🤣
How is it going mark?
thank you for making this available online!
Just starting dabbling into horticulture but it's so cool that you can not only learn new stuff fast, but put it into practice immidietly most of the time.
Love and Light. The instructor is teaching that plants are not conscious. I plan on studying this subject but I can’t help feel, this is the reason why the young people say that
“school is full of sh&t!”
thank you. i'm really enjoying this lecture. I'm hoping this is the start of a series. Cheers, from Beth, an avid gardener from Sydney Australia
Thank you very much for sharing great lesson materials, Introduction to Horticulture Part 1 👍👍
This is excellent. Thank you so much for sharing and looking forward to the next part of this.
Thank you for making this available online. It's a great help to my horticulture studies. 🙏
I'm a freshman at my college and they have a Landscaping Horticulture class, I applied for the fall and I'm taking their horticulture degree. This video was really helpful in getting a view of what it'd be like.
Amazing that there is so much info out there! Starting my horticultural journey and this is very insightful!
I love your voice and reading sound, it’s very Impress and make me know a lot
thank you for making this video and sharing your knowledge
Excellent Explanatory Material .
I Soak Up the Knowledge I Need .
Kind Regards from Old Hibernia 🍀
250 something trying some to remember and memorizing the Botanical names... am honored to be introduced to these nature. You got love plants to try to study them. but who hates plant? :) Chrysanthemum is most used botanical name, I wish most of the common names used were used by their botanical names.
I'm an absolute nuffy, my terrible maths skills have held be back from learning science and horticulture was as close as it gets without having to feel like an idiot (Failed my degree in science in the first semester xD). I start a cert III in Horticulture while I work on my maths so I can eventually move into plant sciences/biochem down the track. I dream of growing plants sustainably in low earth orbit or maybe even on a moon base. Lets get it!
Fantastic always a pleasure.
FANTASTIC ALWAYS PLEASURE
this is my major its more fun to watch this i gain more more knowleged :)
Jodell Mae Alpanta Hi! I'm a senior in High School. I've been thinking on majoring in Horticulture, nevertheless I have no idea were to take it, can you tell me where did choose to take it. Thank you
@@valeriage5701 lsu has an awesome program. Continue with the landscape arch. program as well
we are
@@valeriage5701
G yg6ygh g 😂😭😂😭😭😭😭😂😂😭😂 rg and there t3 ggggggggggggtrfr and I can t you r f 4d3ex43334433333363e3yu
@@valeriage5701 ytt
You can get you a new tubes and I there operation des office. Please.gtm8kemike cadexsdew the same time to get a big one and I love you too it's 67
Thank you.for defining horticulture
This is some genius stuff
i learned a lot from this, thankyou so much
Thank you for posting this! Is there somewhere I can find these slides for reference? Are they in a textbook or available somewhere online?
Thank you so much.
😌🙏🏼
need more like these! very wonderful, learned a lot ^__^
my mans growing the good good ^ ;)
I like your teaching so much may you keep teaching God bless you.
I did a year's course in horticulture at Reaseheath College, Cheshire, and I basically know nothing about the subject!
That was a amazing class we are missing class a lot ..
Bruh I just wanna learn how to not kill my plants. I wanna grow veggies and actually have them taste good.
😂😂 I love you
Im looking into this because I've studied a course that had a lot of plant science and crop and field protection. I know the science and how the ecosystems work but the practical would be beyond me. X 😂
That’s for the content , I feel like I just went to school 👩🏾🌾
Good product
thank you soooo much for this!
Is there a textbook to correspond with this course??
Coming from psychology and hearing how relaxed it is here tomatoe tomatoe
Nice video
Thirty some years ago I went to the Norfolk Botanical Horticulture School for about a year.
was it fun? what do you do now?
@@lorenzo_vlogs I always have a compost pile in my backyard. I lead a very healthy and fitness lifestyle. And I study a lot on a wide range of topics.
@@JohnJohnson-hl4fv wow cool!
Thank you!
Thanks a lot!!
Are charles and carl going to be on the test?
waw thanks
nice
Thank you so much ❤💞❤
I love my job horticulture
Thank you
#horticulturejrf
omgogmogmogmg so cool so cool so cool!!! THANK YOU THANK YOU THANK YOU :D
wow
Will you tube kill University?
one day my friend... one day,
hi no, debt already killed it
Definitively, maybe not youtube by itself but the internet will and for many already has. Wikiversity for example has been around for a while. Learned how to make both Hollywood style visual effects and make videogames from youtube. Learned everything from how to build cool lamps to making an oscilloscope. Online you can even find instructions for how to make everything from an open source EEG to an open source Coca Cola. I love the internet, lets make sure we save it and keep it as free and open as possible, knowledge should be for everyone.
CZcams will, but this video won’t I had to stop watching this at 10:42 because it got so cringe worthy… Charles Darwin described “descent with modification“, survival of the fittest was an oversimplification of his contemporaries. Also talking about “seeds” being fertilized Is just beyond ignorant like, even my nephew knows that it’s the ovaries that accept the pollen tubes to become the fertilized offspring i.e. the seed.
It already has, if your not in need of a certification you tube is the ultimate college, I’m a you tube graduate and I’m successful and it’s only getting better! Life is good :-) thank you You Tube
I don't want to be that person but...
That one dude coughing
I have a Alyogyna huegelii
I wish I did my graduation as a youtube college of technologies.
8:00 Liz Woodward states, "they have no conscience", but on the slide it says "no conscious". I would imagine plants have their own unique consciousness, no? or is it that they have no conscience, aka, they do not judge perceptions as right or wrong? I would assume the latter, but I am hoping for clarification! Thank you in advance
Unless your on enough acid to power a battery... plants do not have conscience
@@drdoctor2433 acid is the reason why i want to get in horticulture. I felt like plants and trees were trying to talk.
@@drdoctor2433terrible
Great video!
Thanks
Reason I can't sit in class I have to skip the whole part where they say who discovered what lets get into the meat of the plants lol
Is there a place to download the slideshow?
Yeah I'd really like a copy of the PowerPoint! Any luck?
dont forget to study on that test bois
ياري رک يا ڏي جواب ؟ باڪي صدقو وڃائي ليڪچر سٺو ڏنو اٿئي ♥️
Did anyone come here after jknews?👀
✅
Where these cources are given. Plz reply me iam hugely interested towards garden and lendscaps designing..
It’s usually an Ag school major. Design school does Landscape Architecture, so look into your State Uni, they have the Ag schools. Might have landscape architecture.
The Garden Club in Rapid City South Dakota
I am watching this in 2020 and studing second semester of horticulture at our university. Is horticulture a field to invest on for my future ?
What does your research say about job growth in this sector for the foreseeable future. You want to invest you time and hard earned money into something thats going to be around a while. I'm sure as with most things that horticulture has many different areas to make a good career. May God guide you in your search.
we're like the most evolved animal, so then what's the most evolved plant?
Trees. They live longer than us. I think lol
Evolution more closely resembles a shrub in its shape, with varied genera ancestors leading to newer species in time. Because of that, humans cannot be considered most evolved, since old branches of life continue to be evolving (e.g. 3.5 billion years of evolution in the Archaea domain). Pertaining to plants, newer and newer species of asteraceae are being discovered worldwide, as well as orchidaceae.
Angiosperms. I’d say they have more complex system than laters. Those are all flowering plants. Venus fly trap, pitcher plant etc, they all fall under Angiosperms
Not having the text or access to the visuals makes this hard to follow.
I did a quick Google search under university of California master gardener textbook 2015, and voilà. Not sure if it's the same exact as in the video but I'm sure there is plenty of useful info.
Any schlorships are available for msc in Horticulture
What book is she referencing?
In Mizoram we say Taw Ma Taw
Is there anyway I can get a copy of all of these PowerPoints?
Screenshot
Zo - ology
Ok one Question is Horticulture hard to pass in college ???
No..If u study u will pass.. Horticulture very interesting Sissy...
Huhuhuhuhuhuhuh😍
Where these cources are given . Iam hugely interested but no any idea could u please help me.. ? Location and all.. i couldnt find on internet also..
It’s a STEM major, hands on biology. If it’s your interest, no problem.
@@kalobazar5696 a lot of universities have horticulture majors and minors, just look up colleges and universities in your area, or not because you could probably take some online classes too now, just look on their academics page and their offered programs then you can apply :)
my first digree is horticulture
Where's the timestamp person when it's actually needed
This was uploaded in 2016
wow i finish horticulture and after 4 years of study i can t fiind a job because it s impossibile in my country
ciprian N from which country are you
Unfortunately people spend many years in the universities getting very important and rich knowledge in this world with a silly aim of getting employment at the end of the day instead of applying it in their own lives and see how they can use it to create jobs for themselves and their own children.
I dont mean in a badway but someone like you only need a land outside the city to work on and an office to guide people on how to start small gardening for those who have interest in gardening but lack the knowledge you have in exchange for some few dollars in return.thats a job to you.you dont have to sit there and wait for people to give you job
@@halimamohamed1244 this.
What university is this from?
CG san diego i believe
Whats the difference between agriculture and horticulture?? Plz some1
Agriculture: cultivation of land (soil)
Horticulture: cultivation of a garden
I think the big difference is in the scale? Although not quite sure, some gardens can be huge too! Or maybe agriculture = food, whereas horticulture = flowers. Not sure where the line is drawn.
Agriculture deals with large scale food production, doesnt even need to deal with plants technically.
Horticulture is more intensive and specifically deals with plants, and includes food producing plants, ornamentals, and native species propagation.
Horticulture is more botany leaning whereas agriculture is more about cultivation and production.
They overlap, but there focus is a bit different.
Food crops vs flower crops. But plenty of overlap.
@ la crema
I am a student of Agriculture and majoring in Horticulture.
Actually, Horticulture is a branch of Agriculture. Agriculture consists of
1. Crop production (called Agronomy)
2. Plant protection (called Plant Pathology for diseases of plants and Entomology for insect pests)
3. Plant Breeding and Genetics
4. Agricultural Extension
5. Horticulture which deals with fruits (Pomology), vegetables (Olericulture) and flowers (Floriculture)
@@enjoypolo I am a student of Agriculture and majoring in Horticulture.
Actually, Horticulture is a branch of Agriculture. Agriculture consists of
1. Crop production (called Agronomy)
2. Plant protection (called Plant Pathology for diseases of plants and Entomology for insect pests)
3. Plant Breeding and Genetics
4. Agricultural Extension
5. Horticulture which deals with fruits (Pomology), vegetables (Olericulture) and flowers (Floriculture)
This is my job in the UAE
What part of the uae
18:10
Plese uplod in hinde
Soft copy pls. Tyou
Plants are conscious. It's been more than demonstrated beyond doubt. But as usual, academics need to lag behind about 20 years on what the actual knowledge is.
They have recently have discovered certain plants scream when they are under watered or receive physical trauma. Its peer reviewed and replicated.
@@dustinb1070 Yes, I know.
The discovery isn't that recent. The original study is by Bakster and it is entitled "Elements of Primary Perception in Plants'.
Then the studies went on to an amazing extent, finding out that plants literally understand our intentions, with no doubt, and there's a book that collects all the studies, wonderful read if a bit technical, "The Secret Life of Plants..
@@adrianobulla7875 it's recent that the isolated the frequency's and showed how the plants actually do it and replicate it.
They are already trying machine learning with sensitive recording equipment trying to maximize growth. I can wait.
She talks kinda fast .....
Ugh! Common error, but Darwin never said “survival of the fittest.” He touted “natural selection.” Spencer was the “fittest survival” guy.
This is so cool... only issue is the theory of evolution that she speaks of is a theory not fact.
I hope you learn one day why your comment is dumb.
It’s a fact. If you’d been to school you’d know the professions use words in a more exacting way than the vernacular speaker like you.
You’re confusing theory with hypothesis, the latter is an unproven idea.
The food you eat and the modern medicine you expect to save you are both proof of evolution. Stop being ignorant in public.
Ssp is subspecies
Fancy talk
Skip to 37:17 when they actually talk about things that matter
thanks
I'm here in 2021 and I'm really disturbed because I swear someone has COVID
lmao i always freak out and I'm like "where are yalls masks???" but then i remember it was made before 2020
Dt
Why does cannabis smell like almost every aroma on the planet, but nothing smells quite like cannabis? lol
Was it actually the very 1st terpene producing plant?
Great content but for God's sake (I'm talking to the videographer here) if you can't track your subject on a tight shot, PAN OUT!
She lost me with Charles Darwin! He was a nut!
You are a religious nutcase. You have no place commenting on a science course.
Old lady : I would’ve loved living back then and getting on boats to explore new plants and stuff
Black ppl in the class: 🙄
yeahhhh I was thinking about that omg
Evolutionist are so silly.
I took notes and loved learning but I have to say, it's ridiculous to think all these beautiful plants and animals evolved for nothing from nothing. It's just nonsense. There are 2 options: either God created the world or the world created itself. I don't have enough faith to be an atheist.
Lost me at Darwin.... Was hoping for a free and actually scientific study..... 😔.
Lol god did it right? Why even study anything at all if your just going to outright deny the fundamentals because it clashes with your archaic world view?
Scientific means facts. Evolution is true wether you believe it or not, so please stop waving your ignorance around in public.
The very fact that flowers and food crops are bred for changes proves evolution, so why are you even here?
@@cabinboy5282 it's more likely that God created this world than the world creating itself from nothing. Just saying brother.
@@Smarticus13745 lol the world didn't just create itself . . . that's not how the physics of the universe work. Just saying lad.
You are a religious nutcase. You have no place commenting on a science course.
can you put your religion out of the class
It's "H"ERB not ERB, why don't North Americans get it!
Following the word's etymology, 'herbe' is an Anglo-French 14th-century word, which would mean all dialects of English, probably with the exception of Jersey in the Channel, are wrongly eununciating 'herb' in English conversation.
Both of you know nothing of Linguistics. The pronunciation of a word is determined by the agreed upon usage by a community of users in a particular location. Also known as a dialect. There is no singular correct way that is applicable to all English speakers and furthermore one doesn’t determine what the modern pronunciation is based off etymology or historical usage.
Pretty sure Adam was the father of taxonomy and Darwin was a freemason but still can't wait to watch the video once you get done with the propaganda
You are a religious nutcase. You have no place commenting on a science course.
I liked it untill you kept speaking darwinism. he was proving wrong many times. find someone that know what there talking about lady and u could pry teach it really good
Josiah Shimmel Darwin proven wrong ??? insane.
I've studied evolutionary biology at university and Darwin, although in some instances having hypotheses disproven like any scientist, is still reputed today for his evolutionary theory that a tonne of since research has confirmed. That theory is still the best explanation we have to date. Disproven by who? Show us.
But I was going to say the autotroph/ we are ahead of troph thing wasn't very darwinian...Evolution is not directional in that sense.
Oh shut up.
Don’t show off your extreme undereducation in public. It just makes you a figure of fun with stomach turning sad undertones.
Thank you
#horticulturejrf