The Rise and Fall of the Hittites in Ancient Anatolia
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- čas přidán 8. 06. 2024
- The Hittites were an Indo-European culture that occupied the region of Ancient Anatolia, also known as Asia Minor and today is the region of Turkey. The Hittites expanded their territories from their capital at Hattusa, and ended up consolidating the Hittite Empire which both rivalled and threatened the nation of Egypt.
The Hittites were in control of the Anatolian region in two periods which have been divided by modern scholars as the Old Kingdom between 1700 and 1500 BCE, and the New Kingdom which is also known as the Hittite Empire between 1400 and 1200 BCE. The one-hundred-year gap between the two periods is due to our lack of evidence or sources from the period, which some consider a dark age, and some call the Middle Kingdom, but there was no discontinuity between the Old and the New Kingdoms of the Hittites.
Between c. 1344 and 1322 BCE, during the reign of King Suppiluliuma I, the Hittites reached their peak, but after the death of his son Mursilli II in 1295 BCE, the Hittites decline and finally fell to the Assyrians after being repeatedly attacked by the Sea Peoples and the Kaska tribe.
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- CHAPTERS -
0:00 Introduction
1:20 Who are the Hittites?
3:19 Discovery of the Hittites
4:17 The Old Hittite Kingdom
7:17 The Hittite Empire
10:21 Decline and Fall of the Hittites
12:21 Outro
- WANT TO KNOW MORE? -
The Hittites www.worldhistory.org/hittite/
Anatolia www.worldhistory.org/Asia_Minor/
Five Key Historical Sites of the Hittites www.worldhistory.org/article/...
Bronze Age Collapse www.worldhistory.org/Bronze_A...
Suppiluliuma I www.worldhistory.org/Suppilul...
The Battle of Kadesh www.worldhistory.org/article/...
The Hatti www.worldhistory.org/hatti/
- WATCH NEXT -
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- ATTRIBUTIONS -
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The music used in this recording is the intellectual copyright of Michael Levy, a prolific composer for the recreated lyres of antiquity, and used with the creator's permission. Michael Levy's music is available to stream at all the major digital music platforms. Find out more on:
www.ancientlyre.com
open.spotify.com/artist/7Dx2v...
/ @michaellevymusic
- THUMBNAIL IMAGE -
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Carole Raddato
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Carole Raddato
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World History Encyclopedia
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#hittites #hittiteempire #thehittites #anatolia
What do you find most interesting about the Hittites?
Thank you! I, for one, did not know anything about The Hittites! I was pleased to hear the ancient Egyptian lineages!
🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
The first constitutional monarchy
Find it so sad that a peoples can vanish from history so easily. A lesson for all current civilizations
@@CZcamsCollege-es7tf Any source??
It's ironic that with all of the mention of the Hittites in the Bible, Academics were totally unaware of the Hittites until the early 20th Century. Smart people!
Kudos for pronouncing Suppiluliuma with such ease!
This channel is like a paradise for me.
It's one of the best I found so far about this kind of subject.
I only miss videos about Ancient Israel. I think there are enough subject to be talked about this people.
I love the maps you guys make. Easy to follow and beautiful layouts.
Informative as always! Thank you!
Glad you enjoyed it!
The idea of the Hittite prince going to Egypt to become Pharaoh is really fun. Imagine if he survived and made it
Thanks for the information❤🎉
First time I know about this ancient civilisations because of the Japanese comic called “Red River”. After reading that comic book I was really curious about this mystery empire. I want to know more about it. Also I wish I could visit turkey one day.
We hope you'll get there one day. It's a wonderful country with a very rich history and culture. 🙂
I learned of the Hittites reading the Bible.
Great video! Wow!
Do you guys produce these maps yourselves?? Those are some of the best maps I’ve seen. Yo
Yes, they're made by our graphic designer. You can find them here: member.worldhistory.org/mapselect/ 🙂
@@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia Why thank you! These are some incredible maps, and your site is phenomenal. Thank you for what you guys are doing, very helpful resource!
@@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia Holy sht i just looked at the interactive map, that things impressive. Wow.
First-time watcher here, only 30 seconds into it and I'm being asked to give a thumbs up. Well not going to give you a thumbs up you have to earn that. but i did click subscribed
It's funny that all the civilisations in the Mediterranean Sea collapsed right before the Phoenicians' hegemony and reemerged right after the end of it, like 300 years later for Greeks.
It's interesting indeed. Thanks for watching!
Their origin stories. All ancient Mesopotamian creation myths. That melts my brain. But The Sumerians are my obsession.
The first written treaty of the World Kadesh happened during a sun eclipse just during the battle between Hittites and Eygptians 1250 BC and one copy of it is in United Nations building in New York and it was in Kadesh the plain in central southeastern Turkey. Also the battle and Treaty mentioned in pyramid of Tutankamun pharos' grave depicted. The day became deark totally and they were so scared all said gods were anger of this battle and they signed by the force of nature and knew nothing probably of sun eclipse.
Thanks for watching!
...seems they started the iron age and improved the axel positioning of their chariots thus giving them greater speed and mobility at battle than even the mighty Ramases and their writing even though in Akkadian is the oldest writting of any indo-European language
Thanks for watching!
Was cuneiform script in common use throughout the area even by civilizations warring against one another?
Trade and exchange of informative was still important so yes.
it was, yeah. especially akkadian written in cuneiform since it was the lingua franga at the time
do we know what the hittites look like? imagine a movie about them, extending portrayal of civilizations in that time and area beyond egypt
spear with fibre thrusting tip
How to looking Hittites
This might sound nitpicky. The language was Nesili, but the empire was Hatti. I don't recall the ruling elite ever referring to themselves as Nesites. Maybe someone can point me to a source tablet?
Hard to beat old world drama ... Tuts queen wants to marry a Hittite prince in hopes of gaining an ally in military power. The young man is assassinated and the father sends his armies to thrash the Egyptians ... The Queen's almost always get what they want one way or another. I have always thought Tut was killed by his ruling priest class. So the whole scenario makes sense to me that his queen would get her revenge.
Indo European Urvater thunder
could be first pro spear
blood pull out splater driping down slippery
is there a connection between the hittietes and prophet abraham ?
Prophet Abraham was from the border of Turkey and Iraq (now) where the Kurds live. It’s still called Ibrahim Khalil there.
first middle east charuiteer proffesional army
"The state is concerned primarily with the preservation of law and order, and must therefore at the outset endeavor to set a limit to private vengeance and eventually to eliminate it altogether."
[The Hittites, O.R. Gurney, 1966]
"In this respect Hittite law is comparatively advanced. retribution plays an inconspicuous part in comparison with the principle of restitution. The only capital offenses are rape, sexual intercourse with animals, and defiance of the authority of the state; also, if the offender is a slave, disobedience to his master and sorcery."
[The Hittites, O.R. Gurney, 1966]
"Both version make a careful distinction between killing in anger and killing accidentally; but it is curious that the only case which we should describe as willful murder is mentioned in connexion with a merchant, who seems to be treated rather in a class by himself, and is associated with the motive of robbery. The absence of a specific clause dealing with murder has been noticed also in both the code of Hammurabi and in the Assyrian laws. The crime is treated at length in the Israelite code, but we see from such passages as Deuteronomy xix. 12 that the Hebrew judicial authority ties had nothing to do with the murderer except to hand him over to the vengeance of the go-el, the 'redeemer', i.e. the next of kin."
[The Hittites, O.R. Gurney, 1966]
"In primitive society punishment is synonymous with revenge, & is impossible to distinguish 'civil' from 'criminal' offenses. The injured party will avenge himself as best he can upon the wrongdoer, or if he is dead, vengeance becomes the duty of his relatives, & there then arises a blood-feud. The matter may, however, be settled by payment of money if the parties can agree to this; such a payment is known as 'COMPOSITION'....
The blood-feud still survived in the Hittite Old Kingdom is clear from the following passage in the Edict of Telipinus:
The rule of blood is a follows. Whoever commits a deed of blood, whatever the 'lord of blood (i.e., the Hebrew go'el) says-if he says 'Let him die', he shall die; but if he says 'Let him make restitution', he shall make restitution: the king shall have no say in it.
The practice of giving 'persons' as part of the COMPOSITION for manslaughter is remarkable. The expression is that generally used for slaves. Perhaps such slaves were slain at the tomb of the deceased, as in some other ancient societies."
[The Hittites, O.R. Gurney, 1966, Ch. Laws & Institutions, §. 3: Retribution & Restitution, p. 94-98]
""... its striking resemblance to the 'Theogony' of the Greek poet Hesiod. There the Earth (Gaia) gives birth to Heaven (Uranos); then Uranos and Gaia together become the parents of Kronos and the Titans. Uranos hates his children and seeks to prevent their birth, but Kronos, incited by Gaia, emasculates his father with a sickle, and out of the blood which flows comes forth the Erinyes (Furies), the Giants, and the Melian nymphs, while Aphrodite is born from the foam what's arises when the severed member falls into the sea. Kronos and his wife Rhea then beget the Olympian gods, foremost among whom is Zeus. Kronos swallows all his children except Zeus, who is saved by the substitution of a stone which Kronos swallows instead of him. Zeus, on growing to manhood, forces Kronos to spit out the gods whom he has swallowed, and the stone, which comes out first, is set up as a cult-object at Pytho (Delphi). The poem ends with the Battle of the Gods and Titans and the final victory of the Olympians.
Hesiod's sequence Uranus-Kronos-Zeus is matched in the hittite version by the sequence: Anu (Sumerian 'an'= heaven)- Kumarbi, father of the gods,- Weather-god, though Alalu in the Hittite version represent a still older generation unknown to Hesiod. The emasculation of the Sky-god occurs in both myths, though the motif of the swallowing and spitting out seems to have become attached to a different incident. In the broken part of the tablet there is some reference to Kumarbi eating and to a stone which may possibly correspond to the Pythian 'omphalos' of Hesiod's version; & it is probable that the Hittite myth ends with the victory of the Weather-god. These points of resemblance are enough to establish a strong probability that both versions derive ultimately from the same Hurrian myth.
The 'Song of Ullikummi'...""
[The Hittites, O. R. Gurney, 1966, Ch. VIII. LITERATURE; §. Myths, Legends, & Romance, p. 190-191]
I wonder,why it's a tabu to mention the name of the location of Western Armenia in Anatolia annexd by the turks at the beginning of the 20-th century,who you are afraid of.
Anatolia means Mum is humans
Damn…..heard a bunch of Kings and their sons names and battle winners and losers but know nothing about the culture I came here to learn about. I leave knowing that Hatties existed I guess
I think you mean the Hittites? 😉 Here's our article, in case you'd rather read about them: worldhistory.org/hittite/
"We have now to deal with the paradoxical fact that, whereas the Hittites appear in the Old Testament as a Palestinian tribe, increasing knowledge of the history of the ancient people of Hatti has led us even farther from Palestine, until their Homeland has been discovered in the heart of the Anatolian plateau. ..."
[The Hittites, O.R. Gurney, 1966, p. 59]
"The presence of Hittites in Palestine before the Israelite Conquest thus presents a curious problem. So far from explaining it, all our accumulated knowledge of the people of Hatti has only made it more perplexing..."
"We must also consider the passage Joshua i. 2-4, where Yahweh says to Joshua: 'Arise, go over this Jordan, thou, and all this people, unto the land which I do give to them, even to the children of Israel. ... from the Wilderness, and this Lebanon, even unto the Great River, the river Euphrates, and all the land of the Hittites, and unto the great sea towards the going down of the Sun, shall be your border.' This command does not make sense. The country between the Lebanon and the Euphrates was not across the Jordan for the Israelites at that time - their tents were pitched in the plains of Moab - nor was it ever occupied by them. In fact, they crossed the Jordan and occupied the hill-country of Judea - precisely the country attributed to the Hittites in Numbers xiii. 29. If we omit the words 'from the wilderness oh, and this Lebanon, even unto the Great River, the river Euphrates' the passage at once becomes intelligible. The addition of these words is easily explained as a gloss by a late writer to whom the name Hittite meant the Neo-Hittite kingdoms of Syria, the Hittites of the Judean hills having long since disappeared."
[The Hittites, O.R. Gurney, 1966, p. 59-60]
Nowsdays chineses are the defendant from hittites. I am from central asia . We still call Chinese are hittite until now.
It's before Christ and after the death of Christ get it right ☦️
Killed by Assyria. Hattusa was Vasall of Assyria ❤❤❤
It's pronounce BO-AZZ-COY
Thanks for your feedback.
Unfortunately Herodotus does not give the native names of other Scythian tribes, but calls them Ploughers, Husbandmen , Man eaters, and Black robes. He has said enough, however, to indicate without any doubt the fact that the so-called Scythians were Hittites with a few intermingled Celtic and Japhetic tribes. The customs of the Scythians as described by him are those of many of the Siberian and American aborigines. Such are the burial of their kings and great chiefs under huge mounds, the scalping of their slain enemies, the use of the vapour bath, and the setting up a stuffed horse-hide on stakes beside a warrior's grave. The cloak generally black and the capuchin like head -dress attached to it, as figured in tombs at Kertch and elsewhere in the Scythian area, correspond with the Hittite attire set forth in carvings in Asia Minor, and agree with the dress of the ancient Mexican priests as described by native authors. The trowsers depicted on the Kertch figures must have been borrowed from the Celts, from whom those Persians who were not Celts adopted them.
....
The story of the Etruscans brings them from Lydia by sea to the Tyrrhenian coast, and that of the Messapian Japygians of Apulia is that they came in the same way from the island of Crete.6 But according to Latin tradition the Umbrians were among the oldest inhabitants of Italy and predecessors of the Etruscans ;they are also said to have dwelt originally far north in Cisalpine Gaul, out of which they were driven by the Boii, Senones, and more recent Celtic colonists."
[HITTITES: THEIR INSCRIPTIONS & THEIR HISTORY, JOHN CAMPBELL, M.A. , LL.D., CH. XX: THE WESTERN DISPERSION OF THE HITTITES, 1891]
Polat Kaya: This citation states that: “The Hattic "Hattus" now became Hittite "Hattusa", and the king took the name of Hattusili I, the "one from Hattusa". I must note that, if the Hittite name HATTUSILI means “one from HATTUSA”, it means so because this word is a pure TURKISH word! This we see from the suffix “LI” at the end of the name HATTUSILI. The Turkish suffix “LI” means “from; of”. The name HATTUSİLİ is like present Turkish sayings such as ANKARALI, SİVASLI, KAYSERİLİ, etc. All of these mean “one from Ankara, one from Sivas, and one from Kayseri respectively. Please note that this does not mean that these people were different tribes with different languages. Thus, this HATTI word of some 4000 years ago is unquestionable evidence that the Hattians were Turkish speaking Tur/Turk/Oguz peoples - contrary to all kinds of mythological terms given in the Bible or anywhere else!
Additionally, the name HITTITE, voiced as “HITTAYT”, is a modern concoction that is fabricated from a Turkish expression intended to replace the old Turanian word HATTI (KHATTI). In other words, the term HITTITEis an Aryanized form of the name HATTI.
Actually, when we decipher the name HITTAYT (HITTITE) by rearranging its letters as “HATTI-TY”, we find that the term HITTITE is really the altered, restructured and alienated form of the Turkish name “HATTİ’Dİ” (HATTI İDİ) meaning “it was Hatti”. This alone indicates that the modern name HITTITE was concocted from the name HATTI into HITTITE. In other words, the original was Turanian AKHATETE (which has been “interpreted” as KHATTI) but the “scholars” who supposedly read these ancient KHATTIAN texts simply changed the name into HITTITE and claimed it as “Indo-European”! Thus, the so-called name HITTITE is another Aryan term fabricated from Turkish.
The meaning of this is that the Hatti empire continued on as a HATTI empire but modern scholars changed the name HATTI to HITTITE and labelled the whole thing as an “Indo-European Empire” to suit their purposes (i.e., painting the ancient Turanian world as an Aryan and Jewish world). Such modern labelling, some 4000 years after the event, changes the history of ancient Anatolia artificially into an “Aryan” or “Indo-European” dominated land rather than a land that was populated by the native Turanian Tur/Turk/Oguz peoples. Since what they did has not been questioned all this time, what they throw in - stayed in - thus giving the impression that what they say was true some 4000 years ago. Continuous propaganda of their concocted falsehood - conditions the unquestioning public into concluding that there was an “Indo-European” Empire in the heart of Turanian Anatolia. The truth is that there was no “Indo-European” languages until the wanderer Aryan priests artificially fabricated them from the much older Turkish language. One example of this is the wanderer Semite priests fabricating “Accadian and Assyrian” languages from the much older Turko-Sumerian language. Recently we have another example of such falsehood stating that “All Indo-European languages originated from Anatolia”. The intensive media propaganda presentation of this so-called “linguistic research of the Indo-European languages” by means of some computer manipulations is well implanted in the minds of the public - as if what was said was the truth. Actually, they would have been speaking the truth if they had labelled their paper as “All Indo-European languages originated from the ancient Turanian language of Turkish”.
Finally, I point the reader to Isaiah 65:17 where the sovereign lord Jehova (YHWA) has said: ‘FOR HERE I AM CREATING NEW HEAVENS AND A NEW EARTH; AND THE FORMER THINGS WILL NOT BE CALLED TO MIND, NEITHER WILL THEY COME UP INTO THE HEART.’
Translated into simple terms, this means “I AM ERASING FROM HISTORY THE ANCIENT TURANIAN WORLD AND INSTALLING IN ITS PLACE A SEMITIC WORLD”. But the later Aryans also took the same concept and ran with it - with the so-called Christianity!
Polat Kaya
2013-07-05
I have read somewhere that all Indo-European languages originated from Sanskrit. Isn’t Turkish language an indoeuropean language as well?
@@Haijwsyz51846 All the religions are Turkic. Moses, Jesus and Muhammed are Turks. And the Sumerian Turkic cuneiform also, Sanskrit also. All the languages derived from the Turanian Turkic writing system(Isaac Taylor).
- Gene D. Matlock - What Strange Mystery Unites the Turkish Nations, India, Catholicism, and Mexico?
You do know that Turks first came to Anatolia in 1071 AD? There were no Turks for many thousands years after the Hittites. They were Indo-European speaking so it’s very likely that they were Kurds since they have been living in that region (what is now Turkey, north Syria, north Iraq and West Iran for 7000 years and their ancestors till 11.600 year ago. There wasn’t a single Turk there. I don’t understand why you had to bring the Turks there who are colonizers who took the power from 1299-1453.
@@narienzawity862 Wrong Turks were already in Anatolia. It is from us.
The God of the thora and bible, blessed, we Oğuz Turks from Kanturah above all families on earth. Thus, we didn't came in 1071. Western fairytale lies.
You didn't even read that book before you commented. What a stupidity. What a stupid uneducated hate. Grow up, be a man.
The Children of Keturah as the Realization of God’s Blessing to Abraham
Gen. 26 lists the six children that Keturah bore to Abraham: Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah, to which the midrash applies the verse (Ps. 1:3): “and whatever he does prospers” (Gen. Rabbah 61:1). These offspring express the fulfillment of the blessing given by God to Abraham in Gen. 12:3: “and all the families of the earth shall bless themselves by you,” for thirty families came from Abraham: the twelve chieftains from Ishmael, the sixteen descendants of Keturah, and (Gen. 25:23) “two nations are in your womb” (Tanhuma [ed. Buber], Hayyei Sarah 8). The Rabbis further learn from Abraham that even if a man has children while he is young, he should still take another wife in his old age and beget further offspring (Gen. Rabbah 61:3). All of Keturah’s sons were the heads of nations (Gen. Rabbah 61:5).
The Meaning of the Name “Keturah”
The name Keturah lends itself to a number of Rabbinic interpretations. She was perfumed (mekuteret) with commandments and good deeds (Gen. Rabbah 61:4); she was (through her good deeds) more savory (mekuteret) than all manner of spices (Pirkei de-Rabbi Eliezer [ed. Higger], chap. 29); her deeds were as fine as incense (ketoret-Tanhuma, Hayyei Sarah 8). An additional explanation gives this word the meaning of binding or sealing (keshurah). When a person secures his valuables with his seal, they are still shut when he opens his treasury. Thus, even though Abraham sent Hagar forth and she wandered in the wilderness, when he brought her back she remained chaste and no other man had known her, for which she was known as Keturah (Gen. Rabbah 61:4).
By the way, interestingly enough, you can see how long the Egyptians had controlled the area of Canaan (Israel) - so the story with Moses Exodus can't be quite right, at least in terms of timing?! Did the Israelites flee Egypt to settle in Egyptian-controlled territory? Abraham's mother is said to have been a Hittite, his father an Aramean - both in today's Turkish-Syrian border area (today Kurdish territory).
Hitti people already came from Arab Generations was leaving in in Jerusalem they are the brothers of Kanani people and the piple talk about them .
Hittites are Circassians
The Hittite Empire is part of the Kurdish people
Ahahahahahahahaha Hititlerin gerçek çocukları, Türkiye Türkleridir, bizim atalarımızın yarısı Hitit yarısı Turkic, dnamiz %40 Hitit %30-40 Turkic, bizim atalarımızı sahiplenme hewal, senin toprakların Zagros dağları
More like proto Kurds
The Hittites, one of the many reasons we know the Bible is the living Word of God.
Long before modern man had discovered a shred of archeological evidence for the Hittites, the Bible told us that they were a civilization around at the time of Abraham.
What was once a reason for atheists to attack the Bible, has become yet another reason to trust what the Bible says is true.
Then Abraham rose from beside his dead wife and spoke to the Hittites. He said, “I am a foreigner and stranger among you. Sell me some property for a burial site here so I can bury my dead.”
The Hittites replied to Abraham, “Sir, listen to us. You are a mighty prince among us. Bury your dead in the choicest of our tombs. None of us will refuse you his tomb for burying your dead.”
Then Abraham rose and bowed down before the people of the land, the Hittites. -Genesis 23: 3-7
Whoever believes in Jesus has eternal life, but whoever rejects Jesus will not see life, for God’s wrath remains on them. -John 3: 36
I hope you will consider the great importance of your eternal soul.
God bless you.
Thanks for your words and for watching! 🙂
The Hittites are Not Indo-Europeans ... They Were Semites ... Even The Name Hatti ...is A Semite Name ...
The consensus is that they were Indo-European.
@@WorldHistoryEncyclopedia They Say The Same About The Minoans , The Mycenaeans , And The Hittites ... but The Answer Is ... If They Were Indo-Europrans ... Why In Mycena The Statues of Canaanite Gods Were Discovered ... And Why Baal-Hadad ( The Storm God ) was Worshiped by The Hittites , The Hurrians ?????!!!! And Why The Minoan Culture Worshiped The Bull ( Baal ) ... And Why All Their Cultural and Society Aspects Are Phoenisian ????!!!! And Why The Statue of Annat ( The Lady holding The Serpents ) Was Found in Crete ????!!! These Zones Were Colonized by The Canaanites long before Spain and North Africa ????!!! If They Were able to Colonize Even South Britain why Not All The Levant , Anatolia , Crete , And Greek South Continental Land And Islands ????!!!! Iam Sure That This Will be Confirmed by Further Archeological discoveries ....
The Hittites were Hamites not indo-Europeans
@@treybanks1068 😀😀😀😀 Yahhhhh
U all are confused the Hittites u guys have in mind are not the biblical ones. The were hamites from Canaan. Indo-Europeans are Japheth peoples