Gula dan Budaya Rakyat Malaysia | Dr Roland Victor | Dr Bhuwan (Part 1)

Pada episode terbaru Lesung Batu Medic Show minggu ini, Dr. Roland Victor dan Dr. Bhuwaneswaran Vijayam, yang mesra disapa Dr. Bhuwan, menghadirkan perbincangan yang memikat tentang 'Gula dan Budaya Rakyat Malaysia'. Mereka tidak hanya menyentuh bahaya konsumsi gula dalam budaya Malaysia, tetapi juga memberikan wawasan mendalam tentang bagaimana kebiasaan makan dan pemikiran masyarakat kita telah mempengaruhi kesihatan kita secara keseluruhan.
Dengan Malaysia menduduki tempat kedua dalam statistik obesiti global, perbincangan ini menjanjikan untuk memberi impak yang signifikan dalam menyedarkan masyarakat akan bahaya gula dan pentingnya mengubah kebiasaan makan kita. Melalui platform ini, Dr. Roland dan Dr. Bhuwan tidak hanya memberikan fakta dan statistik, tetapi juga memberikan strategi praktikal dan solusi untuk mengurangkan pengambilan gula dalam kehidupan harian kita.
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[@LesungBatu_medicshow]

Timeline and references
3:36 - Sedentary Malaysia [1], [2]
5:05 - Microbiota changes / diabesity [3]
7:09 - Malaysian carb intake [4]
7:49 - 20g carbs restriction guarantees ketosis [5]
8:31 - Rice strains [6]
8:57 - Low GI failure [7]
9:20 - Lack of adaptation for research translation [8]
13:02 - Mung Bean noodle II [9]
13:12 - Rice based noodle II [10]
15:12 - Semolina wheat in pasta, resistant starch and insulin response [11], [12]
15:45 - Wine II [12]
15:57 - Current food insulin index list and database [12]
16:48 - RS in Japanese rice [13], [14]
17:38 - Rehabilitation and reversal of diabetes [15], [16], [17]
19:55 - Diabetes reversal research systemic review 2019 [17]
25:12 - Amylose-Amylopectin ratio, and glycemic index [14], [18], [19]
25:49 - Amylose-Lipid complex resistant starch [18], [20], [21], [22], [23]
26:09 - Vinegar has insulin lowering properties [24], [25]
26:35 - Rice II
i) Low II Rice - [10], [26]
ii) Brown Rice II [9], [27]
iii) White Rice II [6]
27:03 - Functionalization of food[28]
29:13 - Epigenetics [29]
30:41 - Muscle mass, exercise and insulin response [30], [31], [32]
32:05 - Indian, Chinese, Malay, Caucasian, Arabs Insulin response towards rice [33], [34]
References:
[1] N. M. Nik-Nasir et al., “Physical Activity in Malaysia: Are We Doing Enough? Findings from the REDISCOVER Study,” Int J Environ Res Public Health, vol. 19, no. 24, p. 16888, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416888.
[2] T. Cai Lian, G. Bonn, Y. Si Han, Y. Chin Choo, and W. Chee Piau, “Physical Activity and Its Correlates among Adults in Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study,” PLoS One, vol. 11, no. 6, p. e0157730, Jun. 2016, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157730.
[3] B.-N. Liu, X.-T. Liu, Z.-H. Liang, and J.-H. Wang, “Gut microbiota in obesity,” World J Gastroenterol, vol. 27, no. 25, pp. 3837-3850, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i25.3837.
[4] T. Karupaiah et al., “A Cross-Sectional Study on the Dietary Pattern Impact on Cardiovascular Disease Biomarkers in Malaysia,” Sci Rep, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 13666, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49911-6.
[5] B. Vijayam, M. B. Malarvili, M. F. Md Shakhih, N. Omar, and A. A. Wahab, “Effect of short-term ketogenic diet on end-tidal carbon dioxide,” Clin Nutr ESPEN, vol. 42, pp. 124-131, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.02.005.
[6] C. H. Se, K. A. Chuah, A. Mishra, R. Wickneswari, and T. Karupaiah, “Evaluating crossbred red rice variants for postprandial glucometabolic responses: A comparison with commercial varieties,” Nutrients, vol. 8, no. 5, May 2016, doi: 10.3390/nu8050308.
[7] M. I. Zafar et al., “Low-glycemic index diets as an intervention for diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 110, no. 4, pp. 891-902, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz149.
[8] K. Bell and S. Colagiuri, “Clinical Application of the Food Insulin Index to Diabetes Mellitus Introduction & literature review,” 2014.
[9] M. H. A. Lin, M. C. Wu, S. Lu, and J. Lin, “Glycemic index, glycemic load and insulinemic index of Chinese starchy foods,” World J Gastroenterol, vol. 16, no. 39, pp. 4973-4979, 2010, doi: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i39.4973.
[10] S. Sato, K. Fukumura, A. Nishiyama, I. Kanamoto, Y. Inoue, and T. Konishi, “Glycemic Index and Glucose Utilization of Rice Vermicelli in Healthy Subjects,” Biol Pharm Bull, vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 1385-1393, 2010, doi: 10.1248/bpb.33.1385.
[11] S. G. Camps, J. Lim, M. X. N. Koh, and C. J. Henry, “The glycaemic and insulinaemic response of pasta in chinese and indians compared to asian carbohydrate staples: Taking spaghetti back to asia,” Nutrients, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 1-10, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.3390/nu13020451.
[12] J. Bao, V. De Jong, F. Atkinson, P. Petocz, and J. C. Brand-Miller, “Food insulin index: Physiologic basis for predicting insulin demand evoked by composite meals,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 90, no. 4, pp. 986-992, Oct. 2009, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27720.
[13] W. Zhang, Y. Liu, X. Luo, and X. Zeng, “Pasting, cooking, and digestible properties of Japonica rice with different amylose contents,” Int J Food Prop, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 936-947, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2069806.
[14] L.-J. Zhu, Q.-Q. Liu, J. D. Wilson, M.-H. Gu, and Y.-C. Shi, “Digestibility and physicochemical properties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) flours and starches differing in amylose content,” Carbohydr Polym, vol. 86, no. 4, pp. 1751-1759, Oct. 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.017.
[15] R. Taylor, A. Ramachandran, W. S. Yancy, and N. G. Forouhi, “Nutritional basis of type 2 diabetes remission,” BMJ, p. n1449, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1136/bmj.n1449.
[16] R. Taylor, A. Al-Mrabeh, and N. Sattar, “Understanding the mechanisms of reversal of type 2 diabetes,” Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 726-736, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30076-2.
[17] S. J. Hallberg, V. M. Gershuni, T. L. Hazbun, and S. J. Athinarayanan, “Reversing Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review of the Evidence,” Nutrients, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 766, Apr. 2019, doi: 10.3390/nu11040766.
[18] B. S. Rao, A. R. V. Murthy, and R. S. Subrahmanya, “The amylose and the amylopectin contents of rice and their influence on the cooking quality of the cereal,” Proceedings / Indian Academy of Sciences, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 70-80, Aug. 1952, doi: 10.1007/BF03050178.
[19] S. Varghese et al., “Amylose-Amylopectin Ratio,” in Handbook of Biopolymers, Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022, pp. 1-30. doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-6603-2_48-1.
[20] R. J. Hsu, H.-J. Chen, S. Lu, and W. Chiang, “Effects of cooking, retrogradation and drying on starch digestibility in instant rice making,” J Cereal Sci, vol. 65, pp. 154-161, Sep. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.jcs.2015.05.015.
[21] S. Wang, C. Chao, J. Cai, B. Niu, L. Copeland, and S. Wang, “Starch-lipid and starch-lipid-protein complexes: A comprehensive review,” Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 1056-1079, May 2020, doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12550.
[22] R. L. Ordonio and M. Matsuoka, “Increasing resistant starch content in rice for better consumer health,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 113, no. 45, pp. 12616-12618, Nov. 2016, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1616053113.
[23] K. Ohtsubo, “Bio-Functionality of Super-Hard Rice with Long-Chain Amylopectin-Multiple Prevention Against Diabetes and Dementia,” Biomed J Sci Tech Res, vol. 19, no. 3, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.26717/BJSTR.2019.19.003316.
[24] M. Leeman, E. Östman, and I. Björck, “Vinegar dressing and cold storage of potatoes lowers postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses in healthy subjects,” Eur J Clin Nutr, vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 1266-1271, Nov. 2005, doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602238.
[25] E. Östman, Y. Granfeldt, L. Persson, and I. Björck, “Vinegar supplementation lowers glucose and insulin responses and increases satiety after a bread meal in healthy subjects,” Eur J Clin Nutr, vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 983-988, Sep. 2005, doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602197.
[26] M. Li, J. H. Piao, Y. Tian, W. D. Li, K. J. Li, and X. G. Yang, “Postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to GM-resistant starch-enriched rice and the production of fermentation-related H2 in healthy Chinese adults,” British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 103, no. 7, pp. 1029-1034, Apr. 2010, doi: 10.1017/S0007114509992820.
[27] T. Karupaiah et al., “A transgressive brown rice mediates favourable glycaemic and insulin responses,” J Sci Food Agric, vol. 91, no. 11, pp. 1951-1956, Aug. 2011, doi: 10.1002/jsfa.4395.
[28] T. Ichikawa, “Functional Foods in Japan,” in Functional Foods, Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994, pp. 453-467. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2073-3_18.
[29] B. Bandera-Merchan, H. Boughanem, A. B. Crujeiras, M. Macias-Gonzalez, and F. J. Tinahones, “Ketotherapy as an epigenetic modifier in cancer,” Rev Endocr Metab Disord, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 509-519, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s11154-020-09567-4.
[30] J. Shou, P.-J. Chen, and W.-H. Xiao, “Mechanism of increased risk of insulin resistance in aging skeletal muscle,” Diabetol Metab Syndr, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 14, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1186/s13098-020-0523-x.
[31] S. K. Malin, C. A. Rynders, J. Y. Weltman, E. J. Barrett, and A. Weltman, “Exercise Intensity Modulates Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion when Adjusted for Adipose, Liver and Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance,” PLoS One, vol. 11, no. 4, p. e0154063, Apr. 2016, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154063.
[32] L. L. Ji et al., “An acute exercise at low to moderate intensity attenuated postprandial lipemia and insulin responses,” J Exerc Sci Fit, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 14-22, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.jesf.2023.10.006.
[33] A. Sadiya, V. Jakapure, and V. Kumar, “Ethnic Variability in Glucose and Insulin Response to Rice Among Healthy Overweight Adults: A Randomized Cross-Over Study,” Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity, vol. Volume 16, pp. 993-1002, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S404212.
[34] S. Dickinson, S. Colagiuri, E. Faramus, P. Petocz, and J. C. Brand-Miller, “Postprandial hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity differ among lean young adults of different ethnicities.,” J Nutr, vol. 132, no. 9, pp. 2574-9, Sep. 2002, doi: 10.1093/jn/132.9.2574.

[@meorsyazwan9941]

Thank you doctors!!
Kesimpulan yang saya dapat buat dari podcast ni,
1) sugar/carbohydrate intake cause too many problem bila ambik berlebihan.
- dah lah ambik nasi berlebihan, tambah pula dengan sugary drinks yang memang orang dulu dulu takde minum. Tak pelik lah kita obese teruk.
2) Doctor berdua ada mention pasal petani tak gemuk. Maksudnya kita boleh katakan yang rakyat malaysia sebenarnya kurang otot(peratusan lemak mesti tinggi) disebabkan dari gaya hidup yang memang tak allocate masa untuk exercise. Tuan puan esok pergi kerja, Tanya rakan kerja berapa orang je yang exercise setiap hari, tengok jiran, tengok family member dan Yang penting check diri sendiri ada tak exercise 3-5 Kali seminggu? Kalau takde mungkin kita kena start exercise dari pening pening mencari makanan “yang paling bagus” untuk turun berat badan sbb petani dulu dulu diorang tak tahu pun pasal semua ni.
Akhir kata, semoga kita semua dapat ubah lifestyle, jaga makan, dan dapat jaga kesihatan dengan Baik lepas ni.

[@LesungBatu_medicshow]

Simply Impressive..very good analysis..

[@aliffshanusi]

I learned a lot about health through Dr. bhuwan ...

[@tundewasakti4624]

Bagus podcast mcm ini,memberi kesedaran dan ilmu pengetahuan pd masyarakat malaysia yg begitu ramai sudah jadi gemuk,buncit,sado,gendut2...

[@easypitsy]

Low carb, whole food, healthy fat, and intermittent fasting are the way to go. We consume too much unhealthy carb and unhealthy fat with a sedentary lifestyle, which is really bad for us.

[@jeraldvalentineafinidad8041]

Thank you Dr & team. Malaysian need to hear this podcast! Common general knowledge bout health & lifestyle shud be heard for all Malaysian! Also in bahasa Malaysia! Unik & mudah untuk difahami. I love this! done subs

[@LesungBatu_medicshow]

Thank you Brother Jerald

[@khayzlea]

Just knew abt this podcast and subscribed. Thank you buat kupasan ini. Menarik untuk didengar

[@warnacreamadeicecreamskool6305]

Alternatif sweetener pula mahal. 200g saja dah rm14. Apa pun, bagus podcast bincang bab healthy living mcm ni. Banyak kita perlu tau

[@mzprI5]

Berapa ramai makan nasi lebih 3x sehari berbanding makan snek, kuih muih, air manis dan segala makanan sampingan yang lain dalam sehari? Nak kata nasi sebagai isu gula yang tak sihat diambil setiap hari, macam kelakar. Bahkan orang zaman sekarang, nasi pun dah tak heran nak makan. Tetap juga bermasalah dengan gula berlebihan. Jadi dari mana gula diorang ni ambil?

[@afiqdanialhm2529]

banyak sangat makan nasi

[@mf.haisak]

one thing that ive learn today. rice is racist. lmao

[@LesungBatu_medicshow]

Hahahaha 😂

[@muhammadnaqiuddin5819]

ricesist !

[@baruakapitalis]

Cmon la doktor, your Indian food got nothing wrong at all. Nenek moyang you dulu pun makan macam tu. But, are you doing the same activity like them now? Change it la... jangan naik motor. Naik basikal. Jangan kerja dalam office, go for outdoor job. Agriculture. Tapi siapa yang sanggup? Ada orang suka masuk hospital. I rather get sweaty everyday doing outdoor job. It is a long term investment.

[@LesungBatu_medicshow]

So.we should all go back to the farm 😂