How to Train a Brain: Crash Course Psychology #11
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- čas přidán 15. 06. 2024
- I'm sure you've heard of Pavlov's Bell, but what was Ivan Pavlov up to, exactly? And how are our brains trained? And what is a "Skinner Box"? All those questions and more are answered in today's Crash Course Psychology, in which Hank talks about some of the aspects of learning.
Want more videos about psychology? Check out our sister channel SciShow Psych at / scishowpsych !
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Chapters:
Introduction: Ivan Pavlov 00:00
Associative Learning 1:33
Classical Conditioning 2:47
Behaviorist Theory 4:22
Watson's Experiments 4:46
Operant Conditioning 5:42
Positive & Negative Reinforcement 7:18
Primary Reinforcers & Conditioned Reinforcers 8:54
Reinforcement Scheduling 9:32
Review & Credits 11:00
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My teacher called us Pavlov's dogs when she saw our cellphones buzz and we check it immediately.
HAHAHAHAHA
lmao
it's kinda true lmao
actually, that is correct, if you turn off buzzers or notifications, cell phones become less addicting.
I know this is a joke but I don't get the reasoning. It's like receiving a message in the mail. You're gonna check it. You aren't conditioned to do so because you see the mailman, you see the mailman and go "I have mail." And what's the point of mail? It's to read it. Like someone tapping you on the shoulder to get your attention. Does looking behind me when I get tapped on the shoulder mean I'm conditioned, pavlov's dog?
After watching this, it reminded me of something that happened to me when I was younger. I didn't realize that I was doing it, but for a period of a month or two I always chewed on this certain flavour/brand of gum while reading this certain book series. I guess I didn't realize it because I just didn't think it was anything out of the ordinary to chew gum while reading, it was only until I decided to chew this gum while not reading the books did I realize what had happened. Almost as soon as the taste hit me, I felt the strongest urge to read my usual favourite book. I dismissed it as coincidence at first, but it happened again some time later, and then I realized my brain associated the flavour of that gum with the by now familiar text of my favourite book. It was pretty cool, so I began trying to intentionally associate things using senses, mainly taste. I bought 3 packs of gum of distinctly different flavours, then chose things to do while chewing each of these flavours. It was a little more difficult than I imagined, doing it intentionally, but eventually I got it. Month later I found myself actually wanting to do homework at the taste of strawberry gum, and cleaning things at the taste of mint gum. Funny how that works, it can be a very useful tool.
So if i eat chocolate while learning for exams, will i start liking exams or start hating chocolate?
More like you will start associating your beautiful experience with chocolate with the horrible event (exam). As a result you'll hate chocolate ..good luck😭
Depends on whether you like chocolate more than you hate exams, or vice versa.
Wherrimy
Yes
You will probably drool while giving exam. >_
That face Hank makes right after "rings a bell" is priceless. I want that giffed.
it was turned into a gif, I found it before I knew who he was. And I laughed at for several minutes. No shame, I need to find it again though.
You mean gif’d.
Great. A ten minute video effectively covered what I've learned over several weeks of my college psychology course.
are you an unconditioned stimulus?
cause gurl, you're making me drool
Who else is here cramming for a Psych exam?
me
TJSUchiha30 yeah, but I live in the uk so I think it’s taught different
You can actually study for an exam by these videos? :0 What grade can you achieve by this?
I have done that for the past four years now... still cramming
@@annabago8621 You can take Intro to Psychology CLEP test and get 3 credits if you pass (and not have to take the class). If you remember everything they go over in these videos, you will pass. I did with Intro to Sociology CLEP.
i have a psychology exam tomorrow lol god bless these videos
CalifOlivia SAME
Saaaaame
CalifOlivia lol mines in 20 minutes
CalifOlivia SAAMMMEEE
CalifOlivia how did you do on your test?
If you want an example of classical conditioning in humans: people who undergo chemotherapy often get sick and throw up because of the stuff. This may make it so that when they see the setup in which they will get their chemo, they will get sick. Eventually, they may even get sick because of a white coat, since doctors wear those, and there was a doctor when they got their chemo.
This really happens to people, and it's a classical example of classical conditioning.
wow i tried so hard to explain that to my doctors. I take methotrexate for Chrons disease via deltoid injections. When i initially received te injections, i would always feel nauseous and weak. It would generally take 6-12 hours for me to feel the effects. However, when my doctor informed me that nausea and fatigue are common symptoms, i soon associated the feelings with the drug (before i associated them with Chrons) . Infact, not only would i begin feeling nauseous as soon as i saw the needle, i would actually throw up because of how psychologically revved up i became. I tried to explain to my doctor that the vomiting wasn't from the methotrexate but because of the association i made to feeling nauseous and methotrexate. To say the least, they didnt believe me... I figured they would, it seems logical enough.
nathan rous Do deltoid injections suck as much as they sound like they do? I've had subcutaneous injections and spinal taps, but never deltoid.
TimMinecraftMassacre That's really interesting. I know quite a lot of cancer survivors (being one myself), so now I kinda want to poll them and see if this happened to any of them.
@DanThePropMan no they werent that bad, im pretty sure they were subcutaneous injections. They arent all that bad, but it sucks when you have to get a needle weekly in the same arm over and over again. They offered to give it in the back, legs, or stomach, but i was WAY too freaked out enough taking it in the arm. What are you getting injections for?
nathan rous Not anymore, but I had to get both types I mentioned as part of my chemotherapy a few years ago. (Cancer free for just over two years now.)
Fun fact: little Albert was never unconditioned. He feared white fluffy things for the rest of his short life (he died from hydrocephalus, a condition he had from birth, therefore compromising the validity of the entire experiment).
... actually that fact wasn't that fun.
Is this like the story of Skinner's daughter, who lived for several decades after committing suicide?
Wait what? No I haven't heard that story, that sounds... confusing :D
***** I was just saying what Hank said later on in the video, only in a more roundabout way. That's what happens when you comment before watching a video to the end.
Lorenzo Benito I did watch the video to the end before making any comments, mainly to make sure Hank didn't say what I wanted to say about little Albert. I was however distracted by my cat deciding to use my leg as a scratching post at the moment when Hank described Skinner's daughter's story during my initial viewing of the video, hence my confusion at your comment. As we're watching a psyc video, perhaps next time don't assume that my confusion is causally linked to not watching to the end, and consider potential confounding variables such as over-zealous felines :)
Albert was removed from the study by his mother before it ended, and we don't know what happened to him afterwards. the study by watson and rayner (1920) is avaliable online, it's a good read.
My favorite example of classical conditioning is the school bell. What, you say. Yeah, we've all been conditioned during our school years to leave class when the bell rings even if the teacher is the one that is supposed to dismiss us.
the bell is a signal for me, not for you! SIT BACK DOWN :V
"the bell doesn't dismiss you, I do"
Is this why I hate the sound of my wake up-alarm
Yes, yes it is!
And why you look at you phone when it rings. Maybe your crush has answered???
@@acesquare30 this is so dark. We're all mind controlled lol damn phones!
That's why I change mine regularly
@@z3lop59 We check the door to see who's knocking. That's common sense. You get a notification on your phone, so you check it to see what the notification is. I fail to see your reasoning. It's the same as being tapped on the shoulder by someone to get your attention
I remember learning this from The Office in 2008
Lance Lovecraft I was looking for this reference
My teacher in 5th grade mentioned it once.
I think I actually learned more watching this ten minute episode than I have all semester trying to tackle extremely extensive chapters in my textbook:/ Thank you so much for the videos!
0:02 Hank's face.
Earl Vic Longakit that's my face when I see my friends in public XD
+ShurshCrazyTrailers righttttt
+Sans the Moral Compass hahaha
I am REALLY loving this series! I can't stress enough how much I hope this continues for a LONG time! You guys ring my bell, Hank!
I'm sure you've heard of Pavlov's Bell (and I'm not talking about the Aimee Mann song), but what was Ivan Pavlov up to, exactly? And how are our brains trained? And what is a "Skinner Box"? All those questions and more are answered in today's Crash Course Psychology, in which ***** talks about some of the aspects of learning.
How to Train a Brain - Crash Course Psychology #11
Great video, thanks!!!
***** I have a playlist of all the crash course psychology videos, in order nice and neat. ^^
***** And fix the “Next Episode” links when the next episode goes up.
.
Percy Jackson
that's a good idea
I just wanna say, that I've always been interested in psychology, sociology, and neurological disorders and I plan to go into that career path after high school and college. I found this page and I'm currently sitting and watching the crash course for psychology, I love it.
Since I'm not old enough to take psychology at my high school yet...
(Have to be in 11th or 12th.)
I can't get all the information I wanna learn about from just Google. Yet I found this and I just yeah, love it, like a lot.
Surprise twist: you sleep-typed this...
Wikipedia is great. Try reading those pages.
+Bree Lashea Get psychology 10th ed by Myers. 100% of the information in these videos are coming from that book. I know this because I read chapter 3 (consciousness) and that corresponded for videos 8,9, and 10. This video corresponds to chapter 7 (learning). The textbook provides in depth explanations and more example, just watching these videos will teach you the surface knowledge but misses out on a lot of key terms. In 1st year of university you will take a 1-2 courses that will probably require you to get that book anyways.
Quick Question Is Ap Psychology Hard ?
+Neal Lucas not really
That's learning, not the bullshit that our kids suffer at school.
Bruno N. Lol
3 hours till my psych exam, help!
+Uncle Iroh Considering you posted this 1 month ago, how did yo do on that test?
haha i did ok, enough to pass bass but it was close :P
Uncle Iroh Well at least you passed :P
Congratulations
Congratulations!
You forgot Thorndike's law of effect.
My favorite experiment is when they put a bird in something that is essentially a Skinner box but the reward is purely random. The bird quickly develops extreme superstitious behavior as it tries to figure out what it did when it got the food. Even better is when you do the same thing with people... hilarious.
Came here to find a comment about superstitious pigeon food dance. Was not disappointed. Thank you.
you explained better than my lecturer. thanks man.
best. intro. ever.
0:02
Hands down.
agreed!!!
I love how all the crash course videos have been lately. They're very clean looking, with a great flow of information. And the summary at the end of the video with links is awesome. Keep it up!
I have AP Psychology exam tomorrow and these videos are working well thanks!
Same though ,good luck today!
I had to finish a worksheet on the human heart. That video helped, and I pointed everything out in the pig heart dissection.
Always nice to see an accurate definition of negative reinforcement!
Thanks a lot, this is really awesome. I took AP psych last year and I learned that you forget things if you don't use them at all. So, I'm watching your psych videos to jog my memory. You do a really good job!
Correct me if I am wrong:
during an interrogation,
negative reinforcement: beating a suspect until he speaks
positive reinforcement: giving him a cookie each time he reveals something
positive punishment: punching the guy for each time he lies.
negative punishment: taking a piece of his clothing and leaving him to feel cold whenever he lies.
You are completely correct and you simplified these terms for me.
Thanks dude.
Fearofthemonster you are right for for everything except negative reinforcement. Don't think about negative as "bad" but think of it as taking away. For example, negative reinforcement for telling the truth would be like "I'll take one year off of your sentence for each confession you make" or something like that. You are taking away years from jail time to reinforce a wanted behavior, which is telling the truth. Hope this helped!
Evan so negative punishment is taking away a bad thing.
Fearofthemonster No, negative punishment is taking away a "good" thing to decrease bad behavior. For example, if my son were to drive past midnight, I would take away his driver's license. The license is a "good thing" that he likes and I am taking it away to punish his bad behavior of driving past midnight. Make sense?
but isnt his version of negative reinforcement right?
"beating a subject until he speaks"
you apply something negative until you get the wanted behavior, and then remove the negative stimulus as a reward.
At last, this is more like it. Shame it has taken 11 weeks, but still at least we are on track now.
This channel is so amazing I can barely believe it. The way you are able to educate people is so entertaining and so quick and witty! Please never stop!
We must remember that the radical behaviorism of B.F. Skinner did not ignore the studies of
thoughts, feelings, emotions, perceptions, memories, etc... he just didn't think of these
phenomena as causes of human behavior, but as behavior phenomenas themselfs, and so, they should (and could) be explained in the light of operant and reflex behaviors paradigms. There are many researches in these topics now days, but it was B.F. Skinner who found a way to operationalize these concepts, making these researches possible! That was one of the most important contributions of Skinner to behavior psychology. For more information, I suggest his book "Science and human behavior" (1953).
"And that guy who taught kids to be scared of furry animals."
tsk tsk Watson
This video is great, but a note. They recently realized that they were wrong about little albert dying. That was a different child in the hospital at the same time as little albert. In fact the child from the reserch ended up living well into his 80s and lost his fear of rats quickly after the tests were over.
got my first college exam and I've watched all 5 human growth and development and I feel super confident on this now. Bless up.
Taking an online psychology class, and these videos have helped me significantly! Love these videos more than just the normal classroom setting!
I use Applied Behavioral Analysis with very young children with autism. The behavioral and operand conditioning is basically exactly what I use to help my babies. It's much more complex (what isn't?) but I was thrilled to see this here. Also, thank you for pointing out negative does NOT mean punishment in this case.
Did anyone ever try to put Schrödinger's cat into a Skinner box?
I think there is something to discover here, although I don't know what...
Jessica Norden
We only know if there is a cat once we see the effect of the button being pushed. Does it ring a bell or something? Wait! Maybe the cat exists but he is not pushing the button because he is dead? ...I'm lost now :P
At best we'll either have a dead cat in the box or a really stupid cat in the box
You'd get a division by zero error. Perhaps you folks from Betelgeuse (that's near Jersey, right?) have figured that out.
I maybe saw what you did there...
that makes no sense
Finally someone on the internet gets Skinner right. Good research.
I'm always surprised by the incredible quality of these crashcourse videos. This psychology series is just as good my introductory university course.
literally cramming this video 15 minutes before my psychology exam😂
Try this on for size:
1) Get a soundboard
2) Get a Nerf gun
3) Shoot an unsuspecting sibling and play the MLG airhorn
4) Repeat step 3 for, what, 30 days
5) After 30 days, play the airhorn on the same unsuspecting sibling, while he/she is unsuspecting. DON'T SHOOT!
6) Watch them flinch!
The awesomeness of these videos cannot be measured. Very helpful, thanks!
My AP Psych teacher shows us every single one of your psychology videos. Thank you for helping me ace this class! I couldn't do it without you Mr. Green!
You saved me from depression.
Paused at 0:03. No regrets.
My screen froze there :):)
This series is like revisiting my A level psychology class. I'm pleased to say that I've actually remembered some of it. :)
I love that the example dog for the Pavlov graphics is a Bernese Mountain Dog, my husband and I have one and they are the best!
I F-ing LOVE SCIENCE!!!
This is absolutely amazing! It really is helping me with my studies, so thank you very much. :)
thank you for explaining this bc my psych teacher just couldn't. you're amazing thank you you're a life saver
brilliant friend!!! love how you explain things and make it so easy to understand
ive been watching crashcourse videos on 1.5x speed to study for ap exams and now normal speed sounds like really slow and condescending oops
+Sheila Patel play it at 0.5 speed its glorius
+Sheila Patel hank sounds drunk
Sheila Patel sounds condescending without hearing it in fast forward honestly
hey me too!!
You've been conditioned to accept the 1.5x speed as normal.
Never raised my kids in a box, but this Skinner did get them a Cheerios dispenser that released the stuff every time they pressed a button on the top.
This is EXACTLY what I needed!
these videos are so helpful... bless y'all for these
this helped so much for my exam i love dude :D
***** bet he failed. haha
mediahater lol probabily he should focus on studying instead of talking crap about people in the internet....like so many do lol
lol dwight and jim
The psychology version of the end-tune is so awesomely smooth.
This is the first one of your videos that I already knew most of what you said. I'm proud now.
I have a test on exactly this next week! :D
@05:34 is probably the most "bad taste" joke in the Crash Course series. Hank talks about a kid dying while there's Casper flying around :') **satanic giggle**
I_Created_U That's incorrect anyways. Little Albert died at the age of 87, his real name was William Barger.
@@gprompt nope
@@donnathompson6903 Look it up. There are only two reasonable theories. William Barger theory, and the one who died of hydrocephalus, nothing related to the study.
@@gprompt nope
Its vary easy to study with these videos. Thanks to everyone who made this video possible. :)
0:03 . HOW HAS THAT NOT BECOME A MEME?!
This is great!!! I wish I would've found crash course in high school when I had all those AP Classes! 😕
Hank's opening joke (and the accompanying face) almost made me spit milk all over my laptop :P
These videos are very helped for my Psychology class
Thank you for all these amazing videos and saving me for my AP Psych final tomorrow!! also managed to pass the AP US History test because of you guys!!
0:03 he's really proud of his pun......And yup me too lol
The first ten seconds."So the name ivan pablov rings a bell" (happh face)Best moment ever XD
Very clear explanation.
Awesome channel!
Dear Crash Course,
Thank you for making this quick, thoroughly informative, and entertaining video about the crazy world of classical and operant conditioning. Now I feel much more prepared for my exam!
"Despite all my rage, I am still just a rat in a cage" - B.F. Skinner
For my psych class assignment, I have to leave a comment, I sure hope you see it professor.
I have one thought on classical conditioning, if the food makes the dog drool, and the dog can be conditioned to drool from the bell, then does that mean that the drool from the dog may caused because the dog is actually hungry to eat the food? Or is the dog just drooling because it was conditioned to from the food, did the dog drool when it was first presented with the meat powder food? I guess basically what I'm curious is does the original stimulus itself become a condition at some point? Another such as negative reinforcement (where a person has to do something to remove something that negatively effects them) is also a curious case. In my personal experience, having to do something to avoid discomfort is not very rewarding because it implies I must experience something negative whenever I don't fulfill desired behavior and most of the time, I didn't wanna do it anyway
I didnt know that I had a psych midterm tmrw, just found out, this is like the billionth time that crashcourse has saved me
This playlist is the reason why I'm going into psychology in college.
Haha I laughed way too hard at the 'Pavlov rings a bell' pun.
Laughing in the middle of the class at that first line. Everyone is staring.
I know this an older video, but this is so well written and well done that I started physcoanalizing everyone around me. Good job Crash Course!
Loving this series
lol "tap dance at a leash" aint that the truth
Who else actually pauses at the intro to read all the facts?
I'm loving this so much, I've always wanted to learn psychology
My teacher includes links to these videos as part of our lessons. They are great and your delivery of the material is very entertaining.
"And watching kids beat up blow-up dolls."
My series "Training your inner beast" Discusses this but goes much deeper into the topic, as well as animal training and mindful meditation. Check it out in my playlist. Its pretty useful.
Diana Peña Just let the guy comment. It's not harming you or anyone else. If someone else wants to tell someone else to stop advertising, fine. If you don't fine.
We used to have something called video responses so we didn't have to advertise. These days its extremely hard to be a youtuber and get new people from different pockets of the internet to be aware of your existence. Of course that was back when youtube gave a crap about the content creator and not as much about advertising. Pay or die here.
anubis2814 I don't know about that, but maybe one reason you aren't more successful and have to post all over to advertise is because a lot of people don't care to watch someone reading an essay to them. I find your videos fairly boring...I could read the same content twice as fast.
Just saying, don't just blame CZcams for your lack of greater viewcounts.
Haters gonna hate. Until google changed its settings, I had a gradual rise to around 4k subscribers. Since they changed it everything started to slow down to a trickle.
Thank you for these videos!
great video Hank! awesome revision for my upcoming psychology sac
wow I took a 3 hour class that could have been reduced to 12 minutes :(
0:00 -- "So if the name of Ivan Pavlov rings a bell, it's because... " -- at this point, I was immediately conscious of the salivation happening in my mouth.
OMG This Is So Helpful Thank You! Just What I Needed For My School Studies!
Crash Course is so good... Awesome work!!
what's the psychology behind why I hate your sport coat so much?
Can you do one on dyslexia
I agree
Very informative. Thanks!
Thanks so much for your videos on psychology! Really helped to refresh my memory on the units (:
today I learned that I like beeping cookies :D
bf skinner may not have stuffed kids in skinner boxes himself but he did invent the technology and now kids do in fact spend 13 years, 5 days per week, 7 hours per day in a skinner box.
Are you saying today's kids play WoW all day at school?
R3Testa Wow is another very good example of a modern day skinner box in action. But no you know what im talking about. Public school has a lever called unquestioningly obey, defer, or otherwise submit ones self to the whims and preferences of externally imposed hierarchical "authority" structures in exchange for a treat. Disobey, question, or otherwise think for ones self in exchange for a reprimand. Thus children are conditioned to associate obedience to hierarchical authority structures with positive stimulus and the expression of their own individual autonomy with negative stimulus exactly the same as the rat.
Thank you! it's great course!
Loved the video! Thks for sharing :D