How Particle Life emerges from simplicity
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- čas přidán 12. 06. 2024
- Other video explaining the maths & code: • The code behind Partic...
Download (Windows 64-bit): particle-life.com
Source Code: github.com/tom-mohr/particle-...
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Particle Life is a very simple particle system. The simulation shows the emergence of incredibly beautiful life-like structures from rudimentary rules.
CHAPTERS
0:00 Intro
0:48 Impressions
5:08 Explanation
7:27 Example
9:20 Outro
I think the most innovative/important rule is the fact particle interactions can be asymetric.
What do you mean?
@@gdavis9296 symmetric means that two particles either attract each other or repel each other. Asymmetric means that one attracts while the other repels; they don't have the same effect on each other.
Innovative? Been since ever!
Interestingly, all particle interactions in the universe are symmetric. Its why we do not have infinite movers which can accelerate without an external force being inputted.
Each particle has it's pair, whom it interacts with. Locally there may be an area with more particles than other, but on an universal scale everything is homogeneous and evenly distributed.
Most Galaxies we see started formation when the universe was the size of Atoms, because Locally some parts were slightly denser than others for a fraction of time then went back to normal, so it is really interesting
“orange may be attached to blue, but blue might be repelled by orange” story of my life :/
I need to know how much they are attracted
oof
I'm the like 150 :)
7:06 I love how this video shows that even life based on very simple laws can, in fact, get the zoomies
😆😆😆
This is really interesting, because I have been studying molecular orbital theory for the last bit and it kind of makes me think about what is happening at the level of chemical reactions, and the degree of complexity that can arise from things we often take for granted. In many ways the simple 'attraction-repulsion' interactions here give me the same sense of appreciation for what can be accomplished at these simple levels.
undergrad organic chemistry
It's actually quite simple what is happening here. It only seems complex when you start trying to describe it with words.
@@TalkAboutaTrapstar it quite literally turns complex by the very scientific definition of the word.
Everything is on a spectum, with chaotic noise on one end, and rigid order on the other. Both noise and order are referred to as simple states, low entropy. Noise is too chaotic and therefore too unstable to produce complexity, while order is too rigid and therefore cant change, so it cannot produce complexity either.
The more you diverge from either side, the more complex your systems can be, regardless of the underlying simplicity of the rule set. Being able to form structures or patterns is hereby referred to as complexity.
We are currently researching the critical point on which complexity is almost stable, the self organising criticality point, where it is both noisy enough to change, but rigid enough to be stable, and with the right mix, you can have a stable system that evolves over time and reacts to outside influence, such as stimuli or environmental changes, such as found in many different fields across science and the universe.
The self organisation of neurons, the stability of ecosystems, evolution, chemistry, the actual large scale behaviour of animals and humans, in all of these we can observe those complex, self organising patterns.
How many different rules are involved in a given systems formation is irrelevant by this definition of the word complexity, as complexity only refers to the behaviour or structure formation, and not the number of steps required to get there.
I hope this was an interesting read, and if you wish to know more:
Self organising criticality or simply
Self organisation are fantastic terms to research. Having a good professor explain in detail why both chaos and order are just different sides of the same coin, and that everything meaningful happens in between the two, and then pointing at different examples in the real world in which this behaviour can be observed can be an ethereal experience. Or terrifying, if you begin to play with the implications a bit and connect them to existing knowledge in other fields of science, such as our lack of conscious decision making in neuroscience. It can be quite a thing to ponder over regardless
@@MrMegaMetroid that was a good write-up; thanks homie. Just be careful appropriating terms; saying highly ordered states have low entropy is poor form. I know what you mean, but it's important not to conglate entropy with bistable equilibrium
almost as if the universe was catered for the creation of life.
You may be interested in Buddhaman's "Chemistry Life", which is an extention on Particle Life that "reactions": where two particles touch, they change color according to predetermined rules. A red and a blue particle that touch may turn to a green and a yellow particle, for example.
Also, very cool video!
Great comment that addresses the concerns I have expressed in my own observations in this thread
Are there videos on it ? CZcams turned up nothing but videos on Buddhism and chemistry
:) Yes! buddhaman.itch.io/tims-insane-meta-universe
@@tom-mohr Woah, please look at this more!!!
Wow. This concept and the Programm are so amazing! I would love to see a deeper dive into the code and a simulation of more particles that’s wasn’t generated in real time!
First videos for a channel are supposed to be really bad, but that's ok because nobody hears about you for the first few years...amazing first video, and CZcams must like you because I just found this at random. 1k views, keep going! (45th subscriber) I hope to see more soon.
Mine is really bad
Jaw-droppingly amazing!!! 😲
The most beautiful and mesmerising demonstration of emergence: how complex and apparently sophisticated behaviour -- so similar to the natural world -- can coalesce from such simple attraction-repulsion rules.
A mind-blowing epiphany!
Brilliant job! 👌
Thank you!!! 🙏
Let us not forget John Conway, the father of artificial particle life and cellular autamata, who passed away in 2020 of COVID-19 👾👾👾
Beautiful simulation btw :)
I've always wanted to code something like this, just to simulate what the first kind of DNA or cells could create. I've always had interest in these kinds of things and I'm glad I'm not the only one
czcams.com/video/fEDqdvKO5Y0/video.html
a program that attempts to simulate the evolution from single celled organisms into multi-cellular organisms
Youre definitely not alone, i've been interested about this exact thing for a good while and this video is exactly what i needed lol
If you are interested in that type of code I highly recommend researching bioinformatics, which is like a combination of computer science and microbiology. Truly fascinating stuff, it's where a lot of our knowledge about DNA comes from. After all, DNA is just code for living beings.
Crick
I thought I was alone until I saw this, it's nice to see that other people find interests in this.
Beautiful! Also, you have a very nice calming voice. It kept me soothed and calm throughout your video. Thank you.
This young channel is underrated! Keep it up! I'm watching forward to your next video I'm eager to see what comes next 👀😁PS: self-awareness in AGI will emerge from such mechanism. If you put many AIs together that are in itself specialized in single tasks but are intimate connected with each other you will get complex behavior and finally consciousness in AGIs
This is so simple and yet elegant, good job
I appreciate that you didn’t explain the method right away, so I could develop ideas about what is actually happening while watching your animations. Fascinating video and topic, thank you!
I love it! I think it is mind blowing how the emergence of complex properties can arise from very simple starting points. I have a gut feeling (intuition?) that understanding this phenomenon will be beneficial to humans in many areas of social life, not just biological systems.
What an interesting time to be wearing a meat suit! 🍖
> _"What an interesting time to be wearing a meat suit! 🍖"_
wow, that's an interesting, but perfectly valid way of putting that.
@@yash1152 Thanks 😊 👍
What do you mean by "wearing a meat suit"?
@Sieni Eläin Hi, Sieni, "wearing a meat suit" is a post-modernist, semi popular way of describing being alive!
It is referring to the somewhat popular Judeo/Christian belief that we are eternal souls living in an impermanent physical body. Thus, in a tongue-in-cheek and humorous way we can say we wear "meat suits"(the body) as we wear clothes. Actually, the ancient Vedic Indian tradition also teaches the same thing. Whether or not that is factually true is beside the point. It's just a different way to speak of being alive.
That was how I used the term. Here is the Urbane Dictionary version....
The human body, especially one's flesh, suggesting the burdens of corporeality for an otherwise ethereal being.
"Why did I have to be reincarnated into this meat suit?"
I hope I have answered your question, however you are welcome to ask me anything. I am better than Chat GPT, a small prompt and I will generate masses of human content! Lol.
@@That_Freedom_Guy I- I........ lol
9:48 that poor particle cluster just got obliterated
This is so cool! Your implementation here looks gorgeous. Thanks for sharing!
Incredible stuff, if all videos have this quality of content this channel will grow fast! Happy to be one of its first subscribers :)
I used particle life, and I have to admit that the complexity I obtained was mind-blowing.
It's not so hard to see how molecular machines evolved in the primordial soup in a similar manner. So cool! Thanks so much for this, especially the open source access.
one of the most beautiful and comprehensive works i have ever seen. Thanks
this was so mesmerizing and beautiful in many ways. I could watch something like this all day. Thank you for this video!
Your app is amazing. Took me a few moments to figure out how the options works. Well done.
Amazing work! It's great to finally see in a video what you always talked about 😁
I wouldn't mind watching a few more videos of just these relaxing images. Your calm comment on the video works for me, not sure if it would for everybody, and the calm music was also good. I'm subscribing and waiting for the next video.
Thank you;)!
This was incredible! Lovely calm video yet endlessly fascinating. Just beautiful!
By observing particle life and thinking that it can be generalized to include the real world, I feel a sense of omnipotence.
thank you for creating the video from japan🇯🇵
amazing video !!!
i personally love math for the complexity that arises from simple rules :0
I believe this concept across life is one of the most beautiful :)
Dude, you're playing on the same level as Wolfram, Conway, and von Neumann... this is brilliant!
Incredible video. Thank you for the time and the effort you put on this.
Thank you so much for this! Extraordinary! Makes you wonder what systems that emerge you would classify as life and which ones you would not
Beautiful and insanely impressive video. Hats off to you!
The stunningly beautiful spectacle of complexity.
It is so enthralling to see the underlying rules and patterns of the physical world binding everything together in this glorious cascade of propagating energy🦠🌱🏞️🦕
Thank you so much for this video, for this gift of your attention and creativity. It was inspiring in the most profound sense..
Educational _and_ ASMR at the same time? I need Mohr.
came up with same school joke but checked first XD
This so much appreciated you cannot even imagine! Will definitely subscribe.
It's so beautiful that this didn't even have to be designed, it's just throwing random types of particles with random attraction/repulsion properties at each other, and 'designs' seem to come out of it.
Wow this is incredible.
CZcams is a real mfer for waiting over an entire year before recommending it...
Thanks for making this!
wow! world class video, ASMR vibes, please keep them coming!
I enjoyed watching this slow-paced video by chance before going to bed. Will check out the website in the morning!
Thank you for sharing the app, had an amazing evening playing with it
This stuff is the coolest thing in the world to me
truely remarkable piece of code for demonstrative purposes, can't wait to see what can be gleamed from such things with more factors.
So the challenge I have is finding a real world analogy for the simultaneous attraction and repulsion of colours. In the "real world" of biomolecules or cells there is either *mutual" electrostatic attraction or repulsion, not both so far as I know. Maybe I am wrong (strong and weak nuclear forces come to mind) but this feels like a barrier to my wholesale acceptance of the simulation. Great work though.
Thanks :) Yes -- Particle Life is generally not adhering to Newton's third law, except if the matrix is symmetrical. But under symmetrical matrices, not much life-like behavior is emerging in Particle Life. Nature, on the other side, somehow manages to get this done even with symmetrical forces! So yes, I totally agree here.
It’s amazing how technology can simulate such realistic “life”
Wow - absolutely beautiful! Fascinating, thank you :)
I started playing with my own simulation and quickly realized that the behavior has a lot to do with the error from approximating sharp forces at large time scales. It creates a jittery effect that explains a lot of patters. When I made my own, I used matrix calculations (intending to make the sim more efficient) for all the particle forces and caused many of the patterns to disappear.
Particle Life sounds like an album from an early 80s synth band. Great video!
this is fascinating, and could lead to something incredibly innovative, good job.
Very good work. You have explained something very complex in a very simple way
Congratulations and beautiful work!
all these particle life simulators are insane. what they manage is super cool. I feel like if we had more computer power and aughmented the ammounts of particles to somewhere in the realm of reality (orders of >10*23 particles) we could get to see even more awesome emergent features. I'm really curious to see a simulation like that
Great synchronisation of the music and particles
I love this. Thank you for sharing!
3:29 I love how the rhythm of the music matches the movement of the "hamburger"!
Thanks for this implementation and for the video! I'm fascinated by the concept of complex systems and emergence for a long time, but it always fascinates me to see new content exploring these topics. 4:28 Evolution is a big part of real life though, which is absent here: so imagine (and probably you already thought about it) if the particle rules were allowed to evolve! Apart from the coding itself, maybe the most difficult part would be to come up with meaningful selection pressure ideas...
Keep up the amazing work!
Real-life particle rules don't evolve. These bigger structures shown in the video (like the "worm") can work together to make something like a cell, but it would be massive since this video is showing individual subatomic particles. To show real evolution, you would need enough computing power to simulate things on the order of cells, which are crazy complex (one human cell has billions of DNA codons for example, and there are tons of molecules like proteins and fats and carbohydrates all interacting). It would also, like real life, take millions of years of simulated compute time for actual life to emerge which would not be doable unless the computer is fast enough to simulate millions of years in a shorter time with GPUs or something.
You should look into Wolfram's Physics Model. I've studied Complex Systems and Emergence for a very long time. And in that research, everything lead, like a trail of bread crumbs, to the Wolfram Model being the true theory of reality.
Perhaps to get your mind going : In the Wolfram Model of Physics, the universe is thought of as a kind of Turing Machine-like computation, running all possible rules...and that these rules are computationally equivalent (capable of doing computation of equivalent sophistication : Turing universal computations )
I would highly suggest reading his Book New Kind of Science, and looking up the NKS series here on CZcams where he reads the book along with you. In that book, He basically ran solid experiments on cellular automata, and derived principles based on the behavior he observed that are ground breaking : "That if the universe is computational, then all systems that exist are equivalent." And he proves this by running simple rules, and proving that they can compute Turing universal computation; the maximal ceiling for complexity.
If you think about the implication of that for a moment, you realize that every question you have about complex systems...emergence...relativity are unified by the existence of such a principle, and he predicted back then that he could make a theory of physics based on those experiments...and 20 years later he did just that.
Cheers,
@@matthewe3813 Yes, I completely understand that simulating real-life evolution would require immense computing power and time. My intention wasn't to get a faithful representation of life evolution, but rather to experiment and see what rule evolution could bring. Consider that evolutionary algorithms are just a stripped-down version of actual evolution, yet they are able to perform incredible feats in much shorter times. I think it would be interesting to see what new structures or patterns emerge from evolving the particle rules, and what insights we can gain from that.
@@NightmareCourtPictures I totally agree with you on the significance of Wolfram's Physics Model! I have been following and appreciating the development of his theory since the beginning as well. I think emergence plays a crucial role in everything in the universe, and it's truly underappreciated. I believe it should be taught in elementary school to give future generations a better understanding of how the world works. The idea that everything in the universe can be reduced to simple computational rules is truly groundbreaking and has far-reaching implications. Thanks for sharing this with me, it's always exciting to discuss these topics with someone who shares the same interest.
@@nembobuldrini To simulate real life evolution you should be God.
But we will never reach that.
We only make simpler versions, copying from what we are allowed to know.
To simulate real life "evolution" you should simulate real life.
And you don't know what dark matter is, among many other things.
How did those evolve?
We keep setting the systems up, perhaps it's not because of our lack of resources, but because this system also was set up.
This video doesn't show evolution as materialists claim it happened, it shows a relatively wise "creator" setting rules that allow complexity to emerge.
Evolution as to say adaptation is undeniable, because we see how species change, and because the scripture literally says that we evolve in the wombs, creation after creation.
But as the scripture says, it still is creation, every evolutionary stage is a new creation.
71:13-14
What is the matter with you that you are not in awe of the Majesty of Allah(God),
when He truly created you in stages ?
- Dr. Mustafa Khattab, the Clear Quran
When I was an agnostic, I always found simulations amazing and very interesting, I think people just don't realize that not all religion is fake, and that discipline is indeed good for you, even if some people hate it since they believe it limits their "freedom", be it of thinking or in general.
But, i think you can think freely still, you just need to have evidence, as the Quran says, and not wonder in assumptions.
If you have evidence for your beliefs, then you are cool.
But few people consider actual evidence when they contradict their beliefs (be it atheism or whatever) and they are tempted to follow their desires based on assumptions.
I hope you like the comment, don't want to pressure anyone but since you mentioned the criteria of what would be needed to simulate evolution i kinda sneak this in haha, peace.
super interesting video! happy to be here under 1000, keep making great stuff :)
This is really awsome! The way it lets you almost infinatly scale anything is great. One thing though, the rmax value seems to almost determine the size of a structure, as the maximum size the particles can attract and repel. What I think needs to happen to allow for infinatly large 'creatures' is the repulsion and attraction being able to stack from how many particles are near one another. So 10 yellow particles attracts blue particles stronger than 1 yellow particle. (Though this could already be implemented). Just an idea.
I haven't looked at the code, but my guess is that the distance limit was put in place so that larger particle counts could be simulated. If the forces acted over too large of a distance then the program would have to calculate the attraction and repulsion of hundreds of thousands of particles against each other. This could probably be resolved with some of the techniques used by n-body gravity simulation programs which basically lump distant particles into regions.
I'm sure that could be implemented here, but it would probably pose a great deal of challenges just because there are so many interaction combinations which might negatively affect the performance.
I'm not saying it's impossible, just challenging. If I wasn't already working on something I might take a crack at it myself, but I will leave that to someone more motivated than myself.
It might also be interesting to see if smoothing the attraction curve would create any interesting behaviors, but again, doing so could affect performance.
Amazing and inspiring work. I am working in the same direction in 3D with Unity.
amazing I can already see how this can be a step to help us understand how life and DNA emerged if simulated on a bigger scale
truly outstanding
Very cool! Thank you for your contribution
How is this channel only 368 subs? It's been a long while since I have been moved by a youtube video. Good job my man and hope you grow to become a big channel
Absolutely fascinating to watch, I downloaded ur program, mesmerizing. well done.
Here’s an idea:
This simplicity is truly incredible, but the color are discrete- there are a set number of colors. But what if there were in-between colors? Perhaps, a force applied on the color space of the particle which will then change its color and then interpolate between the two colors it is closest to? This may result in chaos, but I can imagine even more complex emergent behaviors arising from a non-discrete color change rule
This is a concept that I've slowly been mulling over in my head for several years now, ever since I came across Conway's game of life. I still have to dig into the rules for particle life, so I'm not sure how it works. But some stuff I've thought about: What if not just the colours can change, but they each have some value of rgb, and each can change as it "interacts" with the environment. Maybe even different "species" that are effected differently or behave differently based on each colour. Or my favourite, that I think would be really interesting: Evolution.
Here's an interesting idea, what if you defined the rules for each color based on a transcendental number, so each one can look at a different three digits of the number to tell it their attraction to another color.
Gorgeous! Thanks for the code
I absolutely love this, its such a good tool for illustrating this concept and beautiful to boot.
What concept is being illustrated here exactly?
very intresting, good exemple to how complex system can be made from few simple rules
Well if you have billions of atoms it's no longer simple.
@@Brukrex rules are simple, state is not.
You can literally hallucinate objects and beings into existence because what's happening is you're tapping into that pure abstract creative potential of mind. That's exactly what you want. Of course it can be kind of freaky but a psychedelic is that times a thousand.
Thank you for making this visual art!
This is fascinating. I'll be thinking about this for a while
This is the coolest vid ive seen in a while, im bout to do this myselff!!
This is SOOOOOOOOOOO cool! Good work!
absolutely awesome! that is so much fun
Yoo this is insane. and THANK YOU for sharing the app :)
I saw a mobile game very similar to this a few years ago. I loved it to bits and was my go-to time passer despite all the weird looks I get staring at what seemed like just dots moving
There was an interesting result I got quite a few times, where there was one particle that repulsed itself and one that was attracted to it. They ended up spreading themselves across the screen in blobs. Looking alot like the nucleus of atoms.
@@DanksterPaws Sounds like something I'd like to have on my phone as well, what was it called?
What's it called
@@smaug131 To both of you, it was called clusters. I believe it was Clusters 2 infact. I still have the game’s icon on my ipad, however it’s been offloaded and I can’t reinstall the game anymore, It’s no longer on IOS stores. But I remember playing it as recently as November 2022. So it was only recently removed
So it's pretty safe to say that so called consciousness and will are nothing but words we give to mass particle movements (too many, not too complex, of them to be understood by us).
Consciousness is not movement but experience of movement
Just awesome. Thank you.
This is amazing! It’s so cool I love it!
I dont know much about physics, I like to learn about it but a lot of it is over my head. I did discover jeffrey ventrella's particle life a while ago, though. SInce then, I love seeing everyone's versions! It's so cool how complex structures just show up from a random mess.
I just felt my brain taking a 180 degree turn from its plan for me in life! This changes everything!
Stay of the dope bro.
Amazing work 👏
It looks gorgeous. Would LOVE to make something like this.
Good work, looks amazing!
wow! im so glad you brought attention to ventrella's work. I remember deobfuscating his JS a really long time ago and trying to understand it
amazing Tom!
Thanks for sharing this beautiful software
Inspiring. Thank you for sharing!
Wow yes - This really makes me look at abiogenesis in a new light!!
Thank you so much for creating the video
I installed the application, and it is fascinating. So I run a simulation the absolutely blew my mind. The matrix had 3 colours , red yellow and blow . Each colour was strongly attracted to itself. Yellow was strongly attracted to red , and so was red to yellow. But blue , was strongly attracted to yellow and red , but yellow and red was strongly repelled by yellow and red. Now what surprised me is that the particles figured out a way to make peace in this chaos. Upon making the rebellion rule about blew , the system became violent , shooting particles all around. I thought at first it was just a chaotic screen with particles traveling at high speed. But then I saw something that fascinated ; red and yellow worked together to stabilise the blues , forming spheres , that would consist of a blue core , and a yellow-red outer shell. Since blue was attracted to itself , it would create a powerful core , that due to the attraction to the shell , caused the thing to move. But since red and yellow were very strongly bonded , they managed to keep the blue stable. However, since there was still Instability to some other spheres , high speed particles would collide with the spheres , causing their defences (outer shell) to weaken , thus causing instability. This tiny instability would make the blue core go rampage, creating a violent explosion that was so strong the the fundamental force of the simulation was not strong enough to hold things together. However, it was strong enough to slow down particles upon their launch , thus creating stable spheres , starting the circle all over again. It's crazy how nothing but colourful dots figured out a way to unite and protect eachother against a force created by an actual living creature , me. A crazy world our Lord made for us.
Beautiful. Thanks for sharing
This looks amazing. I'm just starting to learn programming and got introduced to matrix the other day. Never would've imagined they could be used like this
incredible video bud!!
that snake like movement was a holy sh!t moment! amazing work, thank you
All complex particle interactions fundamentally allow for one important thing to happen: the creation of hydrogen. Hydrogen scales absolutely perfectly via star formation to create the other heavier elements. This would be like a particle impression in Particle Life where there is a hydrogen atom (center positive with outer electron shell) that gravitationally attracts 10^57 other hydrogens (creating a star) that causes the hydrogen in the center to fuse to helium (double center positive with double outer electron shell), which then fuses to lithium, and this continues on until a supernova creating the heaviest elements. Hydrogen in enough quantities in space naturally creates humans in 14 billion years after complex elements have time to lump together, form life via Miller-Urey, and evolve. Hydrogen best demonstrates the elegance and precision of the universe, and the complete force and radii parameter tweaking of the subatomic particles making up hydrogen are only fully understood by God, as he is the sole creator of every hydrogen atom ever made.
You are making the assumption that other ‘bubbles’ of existence with starting parameters different from our laws of physics can’t possibly exist outside the horizon of our observable universe. Earth seems ‘tuned’ for life from our perspective until you take into account the uncountably vast numbers of planets out there which are completely unsuited to developing any form of life.
For all we know our type of universe isn’t even particularly hospitable for life when compared to other universes; it might just be that beings like us only develop to have this conversation in universes with laws that resemble ours.
Great point, but from an engineering perspective, the vast universe not habitable to life could just be God’s workshop with crap all over the place. Creating a biological supercomputer brain with 100 trillion connections from scratch is an enormous undertaking that takes ~15B years, of course it’ll make a mess and require a lot of space, parts, and time. Is it crazy to think that our phones and computers have teams of super talented engineers, but we as humans, who designed and created that technology, somehow don’t have our own engineer? Perhaps God is in a bubble of existence with bigger more dense atoms, that don’t melt during the early stages of the Big Bang when everything is super hot plasma so he can interact with our matter in some way without melting. Maybe he still interacts with our matter in some way. Maybe he made us because our specific matter and neurons can compute in ways that his can’t and that’s why he loves us. Maybe part of the universe is actually habitable given the right technology and he wants us to create technology here to get there, and make different more advanced technology there with the different resources.
Amazing piece of work
Bro I think you figured out the universe with this piece of software... fr Behold: Human Life - from single cell all the way to the emergence of consciousness. I am forever in your debt Prometheus Tom. This is neat!
thank you, this is really interesting!
something under-acknowledged is the fact that he said that the explanation will come in the second half of the video and the explanation section starts at exactly 5:09, right after the exact mid-way point of 10:16
It just looks so amazing... could be an awesome live desktop background with fancy particles moving around and creating things that almost behave like organic creatures...
this something amazing and very thought provoking.