Who was the Pharaoh of the Exodus? Evidence of the Exodus [1/4]
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- čas přidán 29. 06. 2024
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Who was the Pharaoh of the Exodus? The Bible never mentions the Pharaoh’s name, and some think the Exodus account may be more myth than history. However, the Bible does give us some clues on dates, locations, and events in the kingdom of Egypt. And although Egypt’s own timeline is contested, we can connect the dots and get a pretty good idea of who might have been the Pharaoh of the Exodus. This lesson is one of four episodes from our Biblical Archaeology series on the Exodus.
Developed & Hosted by Michael Lane
Produced & Edited by Charlotte Fohner
TIMESTAMPS:
0:00 Preview & Introduction
2:12 Timeframe of the Exodus
7:06 Historian Hypotheses
14:23 Historical Relations between Egyptians & Hebrews
26:00 The Thutmosis Dynasty
45:30 The Reign that ended in Silence
56:00 Summary & Conclusion
CREDITS:
• Title clips by The Instagrapher on Pexels:
o www.pexels.com/video/hierogly...
o www.pexels.com/video/ancient-...
o www.pexels.com/video/close-up...
• Thumbnail photography by antonio filigno on Pexels: www.pexels.com/photo/a-statue...
• Photographs by E4F staff Charlotte Fohner from the Penn Museum: www.penn.museum/
• Stock Music provided by lynnepublishing, and SplashStudio from Pond5
• Additional Photography and Art:
o AXP Photography on Unsplash
o MEUM MARE: www.pexels.com/photo/close-up...
o Thutmosis III, Chipdawes/Oltau, Public Domain, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
o Hatshepsut, Metropolitan Museum of Art, CC0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
o Amenhotep II’s Mummy, Unknown Author, egypt-museum.com/mummy-of-ame...
o Amenhotep II’s Mummy (1902), Howard Carter, Public Domain, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
o Yul Brynner as Ramses the Great, Unknown Author, Public Domain, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
o 18th Dynasty Map, Andrei Nacu/Jeff Dahl, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
o Hyksos Period Map, Iry-Hor, CC BY-SA 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
o Faiyum Oasis Map, H.Seldon/Jeff Dahl, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
o Carnarvon Tablet (1912), George Edward Stanhope Molyneux Herbert, Public Domain, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
o Nile God Hapi Vector, Jeff Dahl, CC BY-SA 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
o Nile God Hapi Photography, Olaf Tausch, CC BY 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
o Dream Stela, Carl Richard Lepsius, Public Domain, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
o Amenhotep II mural at Temple of Amada, Dennis Jarvis, CC BY-SA 2.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
ADDITIONAL READING/RESOURCES:
• The Hyksos: Evidence of Jacob’s Family in Ancient Egypt? By the Armstrong Institute: armstronginstitute.org/835-th...
• 12 Tribes of Israel on a Seal from Avaris by Patterns of Evidence: www.patternsofevidence.com/20...
#exodus #pharaoh #egypt #egyptology #bible #biblicalarchaeology #whowasthepharaoh #history #archaeology
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15:30
Jacob was placed in charge of the royal flocks. Pharoah acquired these flocks by selling grain to the Egyptians during the 2nd year of the 7 years of Famine. Also, it was the second year of the famine that Jacob migrated to Egypt. Therefore, Pharoah needed someone to care for these recently acquired flocks and herds, and here before him was a family of professional herders asking to settle in the land of Goshen. As a bonus this family was the family of his most trusted servants, the one who had saved Egypt. It was just what he needed. It was a miracle.
Mostly right, however, I don't recall reading that they "asked" to live in Goshen. Moreover, it was granted to them because of Joseph's standing with the Pharoah.
Awesome teaching, God bless this channel and ministry!❤️🙏🏾
This dude really stretchessssssssss the truth. But I’ll give him a thumbs up for his enthusiasm. 👍
**apologies to the presenter and host for any implication -- however unintentional on my part -- that there was or might have been an intent to deceive on their part**
**I do not believe that there is an intent to deceive (and didn't believe at the time of my unartfully worded original comment).**
**My disagreement as-to "who" the pharaoh of the Exodus is, is simply that. The video asserts Amenhotep II, I believe it's Dedumose.**
Here's why ... (by the way, this is an excellent production quality, in every sense).
After acknowledging that there are multiple and conflicting Egyptian timelines, this presentation then selects one specific timeline (albeit the most commonly accepted one in academia, sometimes called the Academic (or Orthodox) chronology)) and then use it to advocate multiple date (mis)associations.
Let's take, for example, the first anchor point of Josephus citing Manetho.
Keeping in mind the name of the Pharaoh is wrapped in layers of translations (also in ancient Egyptian there were no vowels), Josephus (citing a small portion of Manetho) identifies “Timaios” as the pharaoh of the Exodus -- not one of the "Tut-Moses" as stated in the video (in ancient Egyptian these are quite different).
However, Josephus next says that during the reign of "... Tutimaos [which the video states in Tutmosis II] a blast of God smote us, and unexpectedly from the regions of the East, invaders of obscure race marched in confidence of victory against our land. By main force they easily seized it without striking a blow;" These "invaders" then burned the cities of Egypt and raised temples to the ground.
The Hebrews fled *out* of Egypt -- not into it -- instead of entering suddenly while burning cities and knocking down temples.
That description does *not* fit Amenhotep II's (or the III's) Egypt at all. It sounds pre/early-Hyksos (specifically, the Lesser Hyksos).
The pharaoh that most accurately fits the timeline I prefer - - called the New Chronology - - would be Dedumose (also spelled Dudimose as well as Tutimaios) II.
This fits Josephus/Manetho and other evidence quite well. The plunderers are then the Hyksos, who are removed on schedule by the 18th Dynasty pharaoh Ahmose I.
I'm looking forward to viewing additional and future videos.
(Editor Charlotte here) There is no deceit here. Michael is reading his own notes so he stays on topic and the video remains a reasonable length. We acknowledge the different opinions and the timelines at the very beginning because that is the reality of the situation. I have seen all flavors of pharaohs suggested in the comments so far and it seems like people are missing the point that several Pharaohs are involved from the last chapter of Genesis through the first portion of Exodus. Amenhotep II is the Pharaoh we suggest is in power when the Hebrews actually flee Egypt. Lastly, we are creating these videos for ages 14+, so sometimes that means picking a timeline we think is the most correct and/or cutting out other issues of academic debate so as to not confuse the audience (and keep the video at a reasonable length). If we were making this for a PhD audience it might look a lot different.
With a little reading between the lines you can sort out the events you describe. Manetho wrote that a blast of "God" (not THE Gods) smote Egypt. That is significant. He, an Egyptian himself, was describing the 10 plagues from the Hebrew God, not the Egyptian "Gods".
Recall that the Bible makes it clear that during the time of the conquest, word of the defeat of Egypt by God himself had spread throughout the land of Canan and all the people of Jerico were terrified of the Israelite's because they knew of the incredible events of the Exodus. The "invaders of obscure race" who "marched in confidence" was NOT a reference to the Hebrews going BACK to Egypt. It was the Hyksos being opportunists during Egypts moment of weakness because they too knew that Egypt had just suffered a severe defeat. And archeology confirms that they did indeed re-occupy Avaris AFTER it was suddenly, strangely abandoned by another Cananite people. Who were obviously the Hebrew slaves.
Amenhotep II is the perfect Exodus Pharaoh. He had a reputation for being a brutal Tyrant. It is easy to see why the Pharaoh of the Exodus would be angry, his rule was made very difficult. And the campaign to remove Hatshepsut from Egyptian history also fits the Biblical narrative like a glove. Whats more, the Pharaoh preceding the Exodus Pharaoh had to have reigned for over 40 years. Very few Egyptian Pharaohs fill that requirement. Thutmose III had to have been that Pharaoh.
Mind blowing information! These historical facts match the Biblical accounts and is no coincidence!! Let all the sceptics be confounded! The Bible is the truth!!
600.000 men , not counting the ladies and children. Bugging around for 4 decades in a relatively small area like the Sinai.... Where is the evidence for that ?
@@mauricematla8379 your refusal to accept the evidence in front of your own eyes only proves you’re blind. How about all the prophecies Jesus Christ spoke of in the four Gospels about the events that would happen in the last days…all happening in front of your eyes and you reuse to see that too. And how about all the people who have life after death experiences from all different religions and beliefs and yet they ALL claim to see the same things…Jesus, Hell and some even Heaven. There is so much more evidence right in front of your face and you want other kinds of proof to convince your feeble mind the Bible is real. You may think you’re wiser than God and the people who he has revealed himself to but you’re only fooling yourself. You’re a victim of the lies of Satan and I pray your eyes be opened before it’s too late. You will know the truth one day my friend… I just hope for your sake you don’t find out the hard way! You will see God face to face and give an answer for your life…especially when you have been warned about spending eternity in hell because you didn’t repent of your sins and ask Jesus to save you!
@@mauricematla8379 If you're looking in the Sinai peninsula region, you're looking in the wrong place. Try Northwestern Saudi Arabia, which in ancient times was called the land of Midian. This is where the Israelites went, not Sinai.
The question remains the same. What is the evidence that lets be conservatieve 2 million people and their animals bugged around the. place for 4 decades ? Also what was the population of Egypt ? That many people poof get erased from the system whe should find the repercussions
@@mauricematla8379 Jesus described people like you in Luke 11:39…
39 ¶ But he answered and said unto them, An evil and adulterous generation seeketh after a sign; and there shall no sign be given to it, but the sign of the prophet Jonas:
40 For as Jonas was three days and three nights in the whale's belly; so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.
41 The men of Nineveh shall rise in judgment with this generation, and shall condemn it: because they repented at the preaching of Jonas; and, behold, a greater than Jonas is here.
42 The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment with this generation, and shall condemn it: for she came from the uttermost parts of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon; and, behold, a greater than Solomon is here.
Itk really makes a lot ofsence. It fits so well together. Thank you for this enlightening program!
I really enjoyed this! Great stuff!
Thank you so much for this extraordinary teaching. I can't believe how much I've learnt from you in this video. I love Biblical studies and archaeology. I'm studying Bible Hermeneutics and totally blown away with all the sychronicities of events. Having watched the documentary presented by Simcha Jovovich and James Cameron, titled "The Exodus Decoded," we see that the timeline for the Exodus is 1,500BC at the time of the Santorini volcanic eruption... It certainly excludes Rameses and fits your theory...!
Amenhotep II was the Pharoah of the Exodus.
Maybe
How do you know who it was?
I agree. He aligns with the timeline. And his first born son died.
@@mr.invisible3770 So what ?
@@mr.invisible3770 also his mummy has some boils on his face and body an evidence of the plagues mentioned in the bible
The Hyksos were not Indigenous African Egyptians, The Hyksos were Asaiatic Norhtern Semetic people who came from the Lavant areas
You are incorrect. Manetho said it was Tethtoosis (Thuthmose). It was Thuthmose I.
If the Exodus happened around 1440BC, it would be King Thutmose (maybe how Moses got his name!) the III! Wonderful story! Thank you for providing such accurate historical information! Now, it makes so much sense! The history is no longer a mystery! Beautiful account! Thank you! 🪷💙
Moses got his name from pharaoh’s daughter meaning she pulled him from the water and the reeds his basket was made out of.
@@mtchar9312 this is wrong....Moses translated as "son of'... Tutmoses means son if Thoth... the biblical Moses is deliberately silent in who he was son of. I believe deliberately so to d'etat h him more from Pharaoh...
Great lesson...Im gonna watch this again
These are very compelling arguments.
In regards to Hatchepsut and Hapi the god who presided over the Nile's annual life giving flood, the only thing I could find was that Hapi is one of the gods honored in Hatcheput's temple. Does anyone know of any scholars who have other evidence or perhaps just speculate that she asked Hapi for a son based on the context of how she honors Hapi in her temple? ANY evidence in ancient Egyptian records of her making this request would be absolutely HUGE.
حقيقة محاضرة تاريخية رائعة، و أتمنى أن أجد محاضرات علمية أخرى ناقدة.
Thank you video and the information, just a correction this is not Hatchpsut tomb its Hatchpsut funeral temple, her tomb is located in side the mountain of the valley of the kings , west bank of luxor and right behind this temple the other side.
Hope that i can see you soon once in luxor and show you around.
Jacob Samuel
Archeologist, antiquities inspector with ministry of Egyptian antiques and an Egyptologist tour guide.
This was awesome!!!! Thank you!!!🙏🏽
Very a fascinating story, with many Biblical eyes open to lessons.
Thank you for your great teaching.
Amenhotep II was the Pharoh in the Exodus account.
Super fascinating! Thanks!
Enjoyed your video.
I truly enjoyed this presentation.
Thank you for this video!
David Rohl and Tim Mahoney( Patterns of Evidence ) has made interesting videos about the Exodus and who the Pharaoh was at the time. Very convincing points laid forth.
Dedumose of Dynasty 13, specifically.
I have seen David Rohl TV program and read his book; The lost testament, in which he challenge the chronology of the ancient Egyptian kingdoms and believe is about 200 years out of whack. No one knows for certain who was the Pharaoh of the exodus, the only thing that I find strange is the fact that the Israelites must have known his name, but is not mentioned anywhere, in the Bible.
@@marcellogenesi6390 In the ancient world, a name written was a form of honor and respect. A name unmentioned was a slur ... "I did not have relations with that woman."
I watched David Rohl and respect his work cos he's one of the few experts in CHRONOLOGY. And if he says there's chaos and (if I recall ) a 200 or 250 years gap in Egyptology chronology.
But I can't find his book in Brazil . Can you tell me if he thinks Moses met several pharaohs who lived during simultanous 12th,13th and even 14th dynasties? Does he believe one of them was Sobekotep and other was Amenotep III and the one who died in the Red Sea was Dudimose ? Pharaohs who also had different names?
@@ThrashLawPatentsAndTMs
I watched David Rohl and respect his work cos he's one of the few experts in CHRONOLOGY. And if he says there's chaos and (if I recall ) a 200 or 250 years gap in Egyptology chronology.
But I can't find his book in Brazil . Can you tell me if he thinks Moses met several pharaohs who lived during simultanous 12th,13th and even 14th dynasties? Does he believe one of them was Sobekotep and other was Amenotep III and the one who died in the Red Sea was Dudimose/ Dedumose ? Pharaohs who also had different names?
Amenhotep III reigned from 1386 to 1349 BC. His oldest son, Crown Prince Thutmose, set to become his successor, disappears from historical records without explanation, leading to Akhenaten becoming his successor (victim of the Passover...?). Akhenaten suddenly chooses to disavow all others and revere only one god, the Aten, or sun-disc. Is it possible that maybe he was witness to an experience that was so powerful, such as pillars of fire in the sky that easily destroyed the entire Egyptian army, that he decided only to worship "the sun-disc"? If there's any truth at all to the Exodus, then everything has to be taken into account. We see similar things in the skies today, perhaps these same things interfered with human history by helping to free the Hebrew slaves, for some reason we can't contemplate. Does it make any less sense than if an actual "god" performed feats of magic? Which is the more logical explanation, if an explanation is warranted?
techniques and the condition of Amenhotep II’s preserved body support the view that his death was likely due to natural causes rather than violence or illness. The mummy reveals a physically fit man, which corresponds with historical accounts of his athleticism and military capability.
Amenhotep II is credited with maintaining strong military control over Egypt’s territories, especially in Asia, including actual Israel territories where he suppressed rebellions and maintained the empire’s borders against potential invaders.
Dear Evidence 4 Faith,
Very good information and very well presented !!!
I think you have presented a good, informative, concise summary of some very interesting, and relevant synchronisms between the accounts in the Biblical Documents and some of the external sources that may very well support the historicity of the events.
Just needs documentation from ancient sources. Maybe you have the documentation on your website. If Not, please develop a page on your site providing documentation from ancient sources of the claims that you mention. That would be a very important and significant need !!!
I look forward to Part 2.
I really hope you will not step down to the Gulf of Aqaba Crossing / Mt. Sinai in Saudi Arabia, pop-archaeology hypotheses.
It would be very disappointing to see you leave the Biblical Scholarship that was exhibited in Part 1 of this video series, and go down the pseudo-archaeology road.
Please stay on the scholarly, Biblical road, and away from the sensationalistic, ear tickling stories. Those stories have been evaluated, "weighed and measured and found wanting".
Stick with the Biblical Documents and scholarly research !!
Be Well, DZ
Great info! History supports the Bible!
B1 no it doesn't 2 there was no exodus 3 get some help
@@markbriten6999 LOL - get some help yourself, Troll.
Another little published fact is that the linage to the throne was passed down via the female line, thus Hatshepsut's great desire for a son to continue the true line of Pharaohs.
THIS IS AMAZINH
It’s Beautiful - To Listen and Know New Things-All Together -As Human History…..With Love and Respect…….🌞
Fascinating. I’ll have to check with Moses when I meet him. Thanks for posting this.
I saw the place of Hatshepsut in luxor ( ancient Thebes ). The video is right on the kingdom of lower Egypt. We don't have writing evidence of exodus, but it didn't suggest that it didn't. Thank you
Wich does not mean it did either.
We do have the book of Exodus itself, as well as papyrus called The Admonitions of Ipuwer.
This papyrus is dismissed by scholars because it describes Asiatics "arriving."
However, if placed (dated) in the context of the Lesser Hysksos (who were Asiatics) arriving, then the dating of the papyrus (linguistically, to 'around the 12th or 13th dynasty'), the exodus dating of the New Chronology timeline, and the records of Manetho/Josephus (conquering Egypt without a fight, but war-like enough to smash temples and palaces) perfectly.
@@steventhrasher3495 And ?
@@mauricematla8379 if what you want is a signature of the Almighty, you (no doubt intentionally) ask for the impossible.
The comment said "... any writing evidence ... " I just provided a sampling of "some" written evidence.
@@steventhrasher3495 So you are basicly saying the almighty is not almighty.
The Book of Jasher says Adikam Azuz was the Pharaoh that was ruling during the time of Exodus
The book of Jasher is fake! It was written in the 1600's
There is an inscription in Hattusa where the queen of Egypt requested a son from Hittite king because her husband died. This would fit the timeframe of the exodus. Also, It would seem possible that Imhotep could be Egyptian name of Joseph. Senenmut or Thutmose II could have been Moses as coregent pharaoh before he ran away. Akhenaten could have turned to the one God after learning about the God of Moses. All this fits the narrative. I think Ron Wyatt proposed something similar several decades ago. His wife wrote a book called battle for the first born about this.
Imhotep is too early to be Joseph and other details don't fit.
@@ajrwilde14 they didn’t have calendars so the dates may be off. Imhotep was second in command to Djoser. The famine stele indicates 7 years of plenty and seven years of famine under Djoser. Next to Djoser step pyramid are large bin areas where grain could have been stored.
Mary (Ron Wyatt's wife) did a great job compiling Ron's work. I believe Ron had it right as Senenmut meets all the criteria for Moses.
Fascinating historic construction.
Have you researched the historic literature to see if anyone else has postulated Amenhotep II as Pharaoh whose reign straddled the years of Moses in Egypt?
Your construction sounds like it may be attractive to contemporary Egyptian Antiquities authorities, no?
I have always believed that the Hyksos were invaders who overthrew the legitimate pharaoh and this was known as a time of chaos. I believe it comes as the second intermediate period between Egyptian kingdoms. Some believe the Hyksos were northern invaders and were sheep herders, this is a derogatory description used by the Egyptians in later times. The Egyptians believed in ma’at which roughly meant order, they abhorred chaos. Therefore when the upper king overthrew the Hyksos he reunited Egypt once again re-establishing ma’at.
The question remains?
Are we being obedient
To the New
Spiritual
Priesthood Covenant,
Paul's Glorious Gospel,
The Glorious Gospel of Christ,
The Glorious Gospel of God,
Being offered to us?
To that form of doctrine:
Romans 6:17
Not: 2 Cor 11:4
Note:
HIS Commandments- 1 Cor 14:37
The Book of Life=Paul's Gospel
Judged by Paul's Gospel-
Romans 2:16
Books Opened-Rev 20:12
Solomon's Temple was began in 1034 bc and was completed in 1027 bc. Also the Exodus occurred exactly in year 1513 bc.
in which chronology?
well, first off, i want to say that I have observed the same thing that Michael Lane stated. Everyone seems to have a different opinion of who the exodus pharaoh was. haha. In my biblical and historical research, I sought a bit of a different question and answer, but one that would lead to a similar place. Instead of "who was the exodus pharaoh", I sought for "who was Moses". It was a question which had a much deeper and darker truth to it than I expected to get. I'll save you all the details unless someone asks for them in a reply comment, but in a nutshell and my opinion the biblical Moses was Thuthmosis III. Analysis of the biblical texts(mainly the book of Numbers and Joshua) purportedly written by Moses are essentially the same story as written in the "annals of thuthmosis III" at Karnak temple in Egypt. There are of course slight differences in the texts, for instance in the thuthmosis III annals, thuthmosis sends "scouts" into the land of Canaan, where as in the biblical texts it was "spies" sent into the land of Canaan. nonetheless, that is but one circumstantial piece of evidence for Moses being thuthmosis III. I encourage the individual to go read the annals for themselves. I have much more circumstantial information to indicate thuthmosis III was Moses, including the time pertaining to when the walls of Jericho were built. There is so much, that at some point....it can't possibly just be circumstantial...can it???
I do want to add that I think just looking at the exodus story to try and determine who was pharaoh is not really feasible, and may be part of the reason everyone has a different opinion on who the pharaoh was. there were many "exodus" like events out of Egypt over its history. But the one that has peaked interest seems to have been the one pertaining to the torah/biblical accounts. Amenhotep may meet some of the textual information listed in the biblical scriptures, but there is no archeological evidence of him being in the canaan area like there is for thuthmosis III. But anyway keep up the good work on the research everyone!
I like the fact that the real name for the book of Exodus in Hebrew is Shemot which means names. So looking at who was honored and named in the book like the merciful midwives is important to God and they are remembered to this day. Equally, pharaoh's name was blotted out of the narrative and everyone keeps trying to figure out his identity. Egyptians loved having a permanent recollection of their names and histories but the writer of Shemot erases this honor. I think it's part of the judgment against him that his name wasn't included. I know that Joseph's and Abraham's pharaohs weren't named either but if they had been we would have known the identity of God's adversary and his name was meant to be forgotten.
Thank you.BRLLIANT...
Excellent thank you
I have a theory on Ramsay II he suffered tremendous humiliation at the hands of Moses and God. The devastating blow must of echoed for decades. After the epic Battle of Kadesh Ramses declares " Through out Heaven and Earth I Myself Alone am the Honoured One " this was his chance reclaim some honour amongst the peoples of the ancient world proving that his ego was so large he never got over the hard truth of the true God ,Moses the plagues, the loss of his son and finally the Exodus..
Do E4F have a communication coach to train in using half the words and half the time to cover the same ground?
You said Thutmose I was the successor to Ahmose I. What about Amenhotep I?
Interesting also that Amenhotep 2 great grandson Akhenaten embraced monotheism. Worshiping the Aten or sun as Egypts only true god. Perhaps the events of the exodus had an influence.
When the Egyptian chronology is fixed, then it will become more clear, but even then it will almost be impossible to know. According to Sefer haYashar the Pharaoh was named Adikam Ahuz and ruled 4 years. His father was named Malol, and ruled for 94 years. There is a Pharaoh recorded with a very long reign, also 94 years, named Pepi II. Perhaps his son was the Exodus Pharaoh, named Merenre Nemtyemsaf
Maybe it’s the biblical translations that need fixed. The list of pharaohs are written in stone and papyrus of Turin. There’s is no archeological evidence of the exodus, and no original text to substantiate this story
interesting. I'm unfamiliar with this theory (and I'm aware of nearly a dozen((!)). Looking forward to checking it out.
Very Interesting……🌞
I think Tut-Moses II resented being named after the Liberator of slaves that brought down the Old Kingdom, so much that is why he was so cruel to the slaves. Makes perfect sense. Haha!
In my theological studies, I've learned that the Pharoah who oppressed the Hebrews was Thutmosis 3 1504-1450 B.C. The Pharoah that gave chase after the Hebrew people was Amenhotep 2 1452-1415 B.C.
hoi ad not to buggerbut try pharaoh, Good evening
Just read the book of Jasher! Explains it beautifully and in truth!❤❤❤
Israel Finkelstein is an archaeologist and he forms his opinions on what has been found in the archaeological record, which is why he rejects most of what the Bible says.
That was convincing, thank yiu
Please look at the work of the British historian, Ralph Ellis. He provides a serious historical analysis of the Exodus based on actual historical events that match the Biblical description.
God chose not to honor that wicked pharaoh by putting his name in His scriptures so I doubt if we will ever know just who it was. God wants it that way.
We know who it is because the evidence is very strong
What is the evidence for Hatshepsut raising a foreign infant?
One problem with the Exodus account is that Egypt ruled the area that Moses supposedly led his people to wander for 40 years. So the exodus was from Egypt to another land ruled by Egypt.
Not really
I thought Rameses ,was the ruler during Exodus
*I saw the Ten Commandments movie starring Charlton Heston and thought the same but after reading everyone’s comments I’m now confused.* 😢
Interesting
4:12 I think you misread "480 years" as meaning 480, neither more nor less.
I think the correct reading is, at least 480 years. It's Jephtha's 300 years plus 180 years after he had spoken, but Jephtha's 300 years are definitely "at least 300 years" and in fact beyond that.
May i ask why we don't see carvings of Slavery of Hebrews on the walls/ tombs from any Nisut Bity anywhere, particularly from a Civilation that loves praise and self importance?
The Bible is 2 thousand years Kemet is over 5 thousand years
Please explain
Perhaps it has not been uncovered as yet…
@@mtchar9312 well I've been to Kemet and the Murals in stone can't be missed and if a Pharoah/Nisut Bity enslave a nation of people it wouldn't be missed and the people with claims there where Enslaved there would surly point it out.. Where is the Evidence? There is none
The slavery of the Israelites would have lasted about 120 years according to some accounts. As you said, there is over 5 thousand years of history. Then if you agree with this timeline, most of the tombs were not completed and many were defaced.
The reason we know it was Amenhotep II is because Amenhotep was not the first born son Thutmose I, Amenhotep II was Thutmose I 2nd son.
The Jewish calendar is based on the lunar calendar. The unisolar calendar did not exist during those days. Hence you should use the lunar year rather than the solar calendar. Then you get 480 lunar year equal to 465 solar year. Adding this to 960 BC as the date of the building of temple you’ll get 1425BC. The pharaoh that died during that time was Thutmose iii
A Kemetic child born to Asenati and Zapenat Panea (Y0suf), the High priest at Memphis, named Menessah(Menes) but called Nar-mere by his mother and her people became the unifier of upper and lower KEMET c.3150bc. KEMET went to war with LYBIA, NUBIA, and the Damascus city of the ARAMEAN, c.2707bc, under Pharaoh Sneferu. Kemet won the war and enslaved people of these three nations, along with the Hebrews because they are related to the Aramean, fearing a Hebrew protest against Aramean enslavement, done for 480years, until 2227bc when the land was suffered by 10 plagues, when prince RA-Mozez liberated the from the slaves from the house of PEPi1, and crossed the Red sea to the east. After which the pagan priests erased ALL evidence of Hebrews in Kemet because of their disgrace.
At 24:41 of the video. That’s not a B sound in Egyptian. The Foot is the b sound. Those are two Q sounds which are hillsides.
As recorded by the ancient historians of the day "Most writers, however, agree in stating that once a disease, which horribly disfigured the body, broke out over Egypt; that king Bocchoris, seeking a remedy, consulted the oracle of Hammon, and was bidden to cleanse his realm, and to convey into some foreign land this race detested by the gods. The people, who had been collected after diligent search, finding themselves left in a desert, sat for the most part in a stupor of grief, till one of the exiles, Moyses by name, warned them ....
This is authentic history is ignored because it does not suit the biblical tales and contains no magic in the events of the exodus and makes plain it was an expulsion... the magic is in the ink, the foundation for belief in the truth of middle eastern mythology is ignorance..
6:59 One need not disbelieve the Bible to not consider 480 years the exact year.
It may be mentioned, the Douay Rheims Bible in the Haydock comment is annotated with Ussher chronology.
a) Completion of the temple is in 1012 BC, not in 967,
b) the distance is not seen as exactly 480 years, I think with the interpretation "at least 480" we need not presume a copyist error, it's just that the early judges period was bad at keeping chronological overall records, and so they had an "at least" number. Here are the comments on how many years there were between Exodus and Temple:
Eightieth year. This chronology meets with the approbation of most people. See Usher. (Chap. xii.) Some, however, find a difficulty in reconciling it with Acts xiii. 20., which seems to attribute 450 years to the government of the judges. (Calmet) --- Septuagint have 440; Josephus 592, though Ruffin neglects the 90 in his version; Petau 520; Severus 582; Clement of Alexandria 566; Vossius 580; Cano 590; Serarius 680. --- Houbigant would read 350 in the Acts. But Capellus would add 100 here, &c. (Haydock)
Thank You Very Much ……🌞
This is fascinating, however, I can’t help being confused by some of the pronunciation of names. I’m no Egyptologist, just an armchair enthusiasts who took one honors Egyptian art history course in college, so I could be wrong, but isn’t it “Hyksos” and “Hatshepsut”? Is anyone else bothered by this or am I just misinformed?
[Editor Charlotte here] Since this has come up a few times I'll answer it. There's two reasons for pronunciation variations:
1- Michael is trying his best with only knowing Midwest American English fluently.
2- Michael has a traumatic brain injury and the doctor put him on different meds for a couple of months (including while we shot this series). Side effects included speech issues. Imagine seeing the word and hearing the word correctly in your head but it comes out as gibberish from your mouth. That's what he was like for about 4 months. He no longer has to take this medication. Speech is mostly back to normal now but some of it will stick around, because his brain don't brain like it used to.
So if you want to be exact with pronunciation, please look it up from those who work in that specific field or language. We're just trying to share the info to the best of our abilities :)
What about the plague of the first born. And what about the Pharoh who drown in the Red Sea with his army chasing Isreal? 42:42
Egypt would have to be gone from Canaan for the Israelites to settle there 40 years later.
Genesis 41:44 Joseph Married the daughter of The Priest of Heliopolis before a city was built by slaves at Heliopolis ?
Ramses was also Avaris, which is where they were living since Joseph. These were new towns, they were store-cities, most likely built next to existing cities, from what I can gather.
The Atrahasis and the Enuma Elish is where you should start if you want to know something that's probably closer to the truth.
2:06 this is how far I made it into this video before stopping. You immediately established the concept that the only options are devote belief to the bible, or complete disbelief. Those aren’t the only two options, do better. Teacher better.
I really admire you, but my question will be isn't that unifying lower and upper Egypts happened under the very early dynastic periods of pharaohs, specifically under leadership of pharaoh Narmer?
The Bible says they got along with the Hyksos, but war and an invasion says completely the opposite
I'm thinking the pharoah was Amenhotep III. I'm not looking at timelines from the Bible or Jewish history. I'm looking at the lives of these pharaohs. Mainly Amenhotep 3s son, Akhenaten. Akhenaten is the 2nd child, because his older brother died. That checks that box from Exodus. The other main thing is that Akhenaten changed the entire religion of Egypt during his reign from being polytheistic to a monotheistic one that worshipped the sun God in heaven, Aten. To an Egyptian this was probably the only way to imagine the Hebrew God. All I'm saying is that during his lifetime, Akhenaten saw some stuff. Something that got him so scared that he upended all of Egyptian tradition to follow it. He even changed Egyptian art and portrayed himself as ugly and had the artists sculpt more photos of himself with his children. Akhenaten was spooked. He wanted to curry favor with this God of the heavens. He even moved the capital, because the old one haunted him. This Hebrew God scared him more than an entire corrupt priestly caste that would ultimately seek revenge.
FYI Shavuot, Festival of Weeks, when the Jewish people received the Torah occurred in 2448 BCE.
Shavuot is exactly 7 weeks after Passover.
in what chronology? By the Septuagint it would have been in about 1444BCE.
How about the fact that Moses is a title that means Son of, in which case it would mean he was adopted son of Tutmose2 raised as prince along side of Hotsepsut. Senemut could be his name with the title of Moses.
The Bible gives the entire genealogy of them all and was a part of how Doug figured it out and was able to find the cave.
*So who was it because The Ten Commandments movie said Ramses was the pharaoh but then comments say Amontep??? and some other guy I think named Thus or Thot.* 🤷♂️
The big problem is the number of hebrews the number mention by the exodus 600,000 likely exaggeration.giving this huge number it will show up in stella,papyrus, amd tomb painting not to mention there remain like pottery or cementery likely scatter all over sinai ,likely the actual number probably less than 100.
The Pharaoh of the Exodus (Amenhotep II?) could not have been a first born son, and also his successor (Thutmose IV?) also could not have been a first born son.
Why couldn't the Pharoah have been a firstborn?
@@DavidWalls-sr1pg
Because of the plaque of the first born.
@@larrybedouin2921 Pharoah could be just not his son.
@@DavidWalls-sr1pg
💡Then he would not be a Pharaoh of Egypt.
@@larrybedouin2921 why?
@Michael Lane, The Pharaoh of the Exodus was killed in the Red Sea with the army of Egypt when they followed the Israelites as they crossed the Red Sea into the land of Midian, according to the biblical account. Coral encrustations of chariot wheels and other artifacts have been found on the sea floor near this location stemming from the beach at Nuweiba Beach.
Thus, the body of the Pharaoh would have been lost along with his army etc. Yet there is the body of Pharaoh Thutmose II mummified, not lost on the sea floor. I have heard there is a stele in one of the temples in Egypt that relates a story of the loss of the Pharaoh and his army in the Red Sea and gives the name of this ruler. Is there any validity to this information you are aware of, please?
The Bible does not say all of the Chariots went into the sea.
"Then the waters returned and covered the chariots, the horsemen, and all the army of Pharaoh that came into the sea after them. Not so much as one of them remained"
"That came into the sea" is key.
@@matthewstump7563 Are you sure about that?
Exodus 14:21-28 (NIV);
"21 Then Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and all that night the Lord drove the sea back with a strong east wind and turned it into dry land. The waters were divided, 22 and the Israelites went through the sea on dry ground, with a wall of water on their right and on their left.
23 The Egyptians pursued them, and all Pharaoh’s horses and chariots and horsemen followed them into the sea. 24 During the last watch of the night the Lord looked down from the pillar of fire and cloud at the Egyptian army and threw it into confusion.
25 He jammed the wheels of their chariots so that they had difficulty driving. And the Egyptians said, “Let’s get away from the Israelites! The Lord is fighting for them against Egypt.” 26 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand over the sea so that the waters may flow back over the Egyptians and their chariots and horsemen.”
27 Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and at daybreak, the sea went back to its place. The Egyptians were fleeing toward[c] it, and the Lord swept them into the sea. 28 The water flowed back and covered the chariots and horsemen-the entire army of Pharaoh that had followed the Israelites into the sea. Not one of them survived."
As was pointed out earlier in this thread, " Coral encrustations of chariot wheels and other artifacts have been found on the sea floor near this location stemming from the beach at Nuweiba Beach."
*Ramses is in the Ten Commandments movie so wasn’t it him??? I’m sorry if I’m wrong.*
@@John-14798, That's Hollywood for you. They often get it wrong. But then in those days, the general consensus of opinion was for a 1200 BC Exodus, which archaeologists have since refuted with evidence for an earlier date.
Hatshepsut does fit within the biblical time period to be Moses Egyptian mother but it is a tight window. I did some calculations and she couldn't have been more than 6 or 7 yrs old when Moses came a floatin' down the Nile as a baby for a number of reasons; i.e. if we date the Exodus to 1446, then Moses was born 80 yrs earlier in 1526. The earliest date given for the reign of her father Thutmose I starts in 1526. If Hapshetsut was Moses adoptive mother, it's hard to imagine she would have been born any earlier than 1532 or 1533. The date of her birth usually given is 15 yrs later in 1507 but a 15 yr window of her actual birth is not unreasonable. What this means is that Moses was kind of like a play doll to her initially. She would have been too young to be praying to the god Hapis for a son for the reasons given in this video. For her to have adopted Moses when she was a young woman would mean we would have to push her father's date of birth earlier for it to fit which is problematic.
Also, reading the Exodus 2 account, it doesn't seem likely a 6 or 7 yr old would be giving orders to go get a nurse maid who would be paid wages to nurse a newly adopted Hebrew baby snatched from the Nile etc. but then again, this is Hatshepsut we're talking about. Her highly succesful reign would seem to indicate she was a very bright child. Male babies were probably nursed for 3 yrs which would mean Moses was brought back to Pharoah's palace when Hatshepsut was 9 or 10. Once again, a bit unusual for a girl of that age to have an adopted son but this is Hatshepsut we're talking about and there doesn't seem to be any other candidates we know of that could be the "daughter of the king of Egypt".
The biblical text is clear that an Egyptian pharaoh sat on the throne when Joseph was made vizier.
The quranic people have boasted the story about pharaoh in their book. but when i asked them what the name of pharaoh was? they are easily shattered that there's no name either mentioned in their book. why? because Moh didn't fine it in the bible as well
There is an interesting Rabbinic writing which states that after Moses was old enough to leave his natural mother's care and be admitted to the Pharao's palace to become the son of the Pharao's daughter (Hatshetsup?) and be schooled in the way of a king, that the priests/clergy foretold that this little Hebrew boy would later grow up to become an usurber to the throne.
This accusation might have stemmed from the name Moses which the Pharao's daughter had given him which was suspiciously akin to Pharao Thutmose's name and his son Thutmose II (who later was married to Hatchetsup)
To test this accusation they made the little boy go through a test.
They placed a morsel of food and a glowing coal in front him. If the little Moses would go for the morsel of food and eat it, then that meant that he would later try to usurb the throne and should therefore immediately be killed.
If he were to take the coal and eat it then that meant that he wouldn't grow up and become an usurper to the throne.
In the test the little Moses took the glowing coal and put it in his mouth which caused him to have a speech defect which later would cause him say to GOD (Exodus 4:10) that he was heavy of speech.
Question? Does the Bible or Torah mention the words Eygpt and Pharoah? If so you do realize that land gor over 3000 years was never called Eygpt and they never referred to their kings as Pharoah. Thhe land was renamed Eygpt by Alexander the great and Ptolomey and they called themselves Pharoahs. Pharoah and Eygpt are Greek words. So if the Jews say they were being oppressed by a Pharoah it would be the Ptolomey and Cleopatra dynasty correct? But we know that is not true. No Greek has ever mentioned some exodus by Jews ever right. They made up this story and tried to place it in ancient Kemet because these people were long gone well before Persia and Macedonia Greeks ever got there. That story is a complete lie and the smoking gun is the term they fucked up and used by saying Pharoah and Eygpt. They probably didn't know this back then and thought that land was always called Eygpt before making up this story.
@@pound4pound380 Reply :.If you read (and believe) The Bible then you'll find the words Pharaoh' and Egypt mentioned over and over again, but if you choose not to believe (The Bible) because you don't want written Proof of The Israelites EVER having come out of Egypt BACK TO THE LAND GOD HAD PROMISED to ABRAHAM. then of course you have to dismiss all of this...
Or, focus on the first son of Abraham (whom GOD TOLD ABRAHAM to chase away).
There, I helped you , didn't I ?
@hagaibinsealtiel3745 the question is did they come out of Egypt or Kemet. These are two entirely different places and kindoms. Now you've admitted the Bible constantly mentioned Eygpt and Pharoah right? I'm simply pointing out their was no such thing as the word Eygpt or Pharoah unitil Alexander the Great renamed these titles around 325 BC. So why are we even speculating Jews were ever in contact with indigenous kings of Kemet era that last 4000 plus years before it was named Eygpt and kings were called Pharoah? Are you suggesting it was Cleopatra or Ptolomey dynasty they fled from?
@hagaibinsealtiel3745 also you keep mentioning the Bible. The Bible is the New Testimony only. The Torah is tge old Testimony only. These are two separate books from to different nationalities. Christians are Romans and Judaism are Jewish. Moses was Jewish. So was Moses dealing with Eygpt and a Pharoah? If yes it waa Ptolomey and Cleopatra dynasty only. Now if you reject that Exodus happened when Ptolomey and Cleopatra dynasty was in effect then the entire Moses and Jews in Kemet or Eygpt would be fictional
@@pound4pound380 Hhhh, why don't you just come out and state your theory that the Israelites were never in Egypt, never escaped from Egypt to come to Israel the land GOD PROMISED ABRAHAM and His descendants and that all the Jews currently In Israel are Europeans. There! I helped you again didn't I? 😇😇😇
Thats not Hatshepsut's tomb. Its her temple. Tomb is in VoK
Sad to relate there was never an exodus. In all the area of the middle east in all of the civilisations there's no record of the event. Even Jewish scholars say it's a fable.
Ramses line doesn’t fit as they all had firstborn sons up until Siptah who didn’t have sons and his wife took over. Twosret was the last ruler in the 19th dynasty. Amenhotep II had a son also called Amenhotep who died young with unknown causes making Thutmose IV the second born son from the 10 plagues where it talks about the first born sons. 1401 is 80 years from 1481 where Hatshepsut was a royal daughter to a pharaoh and did not have any sons. And a lot of her accounts were removed by Thutmose III and Amenhotep II. Jericho is said to have occurred 40 years after but it’s not in 1445 as some believe because Thutmose III is still reigning until 1425 that’s 20 years after when it’s known the pharaoh may have died during the crossing so that leaves Amenhotep II and should fit the exodus pharaoh
What about Jasher?
Hatshepsut's adopted SON is KNOWN. He was SENEMUT . If he was Moses, his statues portray a young Moses before he had to flee outta of Egypt. ...IF Moses was living at that time.
Unfortunately an expert in CHRONOLOGY, David Rohl, explained Egypt data is 2 centuries wrong !
This is not making sense to me. If the Female Pharaoh is ruling & finds Moses as suggested what about the Exodus scripture 1:15-22 "Later, the king of Egypt spoke to the Hebrew midwives, one of whom was named Shiphrah and the other Puah. When you help the Hebrew women give birth he said, watch them as they deliver. If it’s a son, kill him; but if it’s a daughter, let her live. But the midwives feared God and didn’t do what the king of Egypt told them. Instead, they let the boys live." Why would a Female Pharaoh orders the death of the 1st born Male childern?
Finally, regarding the death of A.II's son, you say that he died young under strange circumstances. Since Sequenera Taa, almost all descendants had children and firstborns who died suddenly and under strange circumstances. not just the son of Amenhotep II. Investigate. Could Sequenera Taa be the grandfather-in-law? His sons were Amosis and Kamosis. In Egyptian, the family name was Mosis and they used prefixes. Amosis, Kamose, Tutmoses, Amenmose, Wadjmose... the only one who did not have a prefix because he was no one's son was the only Moses. The biblical Moses. No Egyptian prefix. could that be a possibility? Stop placing the exodus in 1440-1460. Move the exodus back in time 50 years and investigate that family and the biblical chronology. Discover that it is not one pharaoh but several. The grandfather who organized the slaughter of babies, the grandfather's son or the grandson, from whom Moses fled. When that "Pharaoh-king" dies after a long period, possibly or perhaps with another one, Moses returns. An extra piece of information. The Bible has one word for King and another for Pharaoh. He talks about Pharaoh in the time of Joseph, and about the KING who killed the Hebrew children, HE DOES NOT TALK ABOUT PHARAOH. Could it have been a Hyksos king living in the Avaris area who killed the Hebrews as a possibility? The bi lia talks about him being KING not PHARAON. But when Yahweh sends Moses, he tells him to go before Pharaoh. Keep investigating....
Actually it’s Islam that claimed first and before any recent archaeological evidence or study said anything about it and especially the bible mentioned pharaoh at the time of Joseph, to make it short, it’s Islam that said and called him a king, while addressing the one at Moses’s time as pharaoh…a very important distinction for someone who was lived some 1500 years ago in the middle of Arabia where there was neither books nor much knowledge about anything.
And that’s probably why the fate of the Israelites changed when the kings of lower Egypt were defeated by the other pharaohs from the upper Egypt and ruled all Egypt…since they were associated with the ousted king .
@@omarfadil1226You make an interesting point We do know the Biblical time line is off for sure
Josephus said that Manetho said that the Israelites were the Hyksos. Also there’s ABSOLUTELY no evidence that Jerusalem has been anything other than a trading post at the supposed time of the United monarchy despite the immense wealth and fame of David and Solomon in the biblical narrative
Bryant wood and paul j. Ray and my PhD thesis prove Hyksos initiated oppressive measures against SHEMAU resident aliens who raised the cattle beef of kamose and his elder council. Hyksos we’re finally evicted c.1528 bc, two yrs. After Moses fled the last Hyksos pharaoh. 50 + 1440 = 1490 bc, that is the biblical date for the exodus using the renal data of 1-2 kings. Egyptian lunar dates confirm this timeline. tut III did not begin damnatio memorize against Hat,s statues and inscriptions till year 42, 1449 bc, which is the year after Joshua,s blietzkrieg began at Jericho. she had claimed that she and her father were responsible for allowing an entire population of SHEMAU to depart the country. odd for her to blame them for widespread detructions. year 42 also happens to be the year when tut III ended his campaigns into syropalestine! Did he know what had happened to his grandfather at the Gulf of Aqaba? Both were military general kings.
Yes, Jeremiah did write the book of kings and text second kings
Whoever was the Pharaoh in 1446 B.C. which the gentleman below, mikeh3005, beat me to it. OK, here are the calculations:
In 966 BC Solomon builds the Temple in Jerusalem
+480 y. 1446 BC Moses leads Israel out of Egypt
+430 y. 1876 BC Israel arrives in Egypt
+215 y. 2091 BC Abraham arrives in Caanan
1. Why 966 BC? This date is accepted by many scholars.
2. Why 480? 1 Kings 6:1
3. Why 430? Exodus 12:40
4. Why 215?
- Abraham is 75 when he leaves Mesopotamia; Genesis 12:4
- Abraham is 100 when Isaac is born; + 25; Genesis 21:5
- Isaac is 60 when Jacob is born; + 60; Genesis 25:26
- Israel is 130 when he speaks to Pharaoh; +130; Genesis 47:9
Therefore: 25+60+130=215
Enjoy.
where are parts 2 thru 4?? can't find them they aren't called the same thing in your video section.
Here is the playlist: czcams.com/play/PLgFFtJHzF-WigNNY_cRViVkzU0vHn0u4e.html
What Exodus?
According to Velikovsky it was Tom-Taoui-Toth.