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Mercury - Periodic Table of Videos
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- čas přidán 12. 07. 2008
- The liquid metal Mercury is element number 80.
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Pete: "When I was in school, we put it on the bench to play football with it."
Martyn: "It can get into the human body and give signs of madness."
Hg is an accumulative poison, and requires years of exposure to result in madness... hatmakers use to work with salts of Hg and do 8rs shifts 5 days a week for decades. very different from a few minutes exposure at school or college.
I like how the prof says "it's very poisonous" and right after , "it's a fantastic liquid"
FYI mercury was used in the process of "felting" i.e. making felt stiff to form hat shapes from wool fibres.
***** The hats were safe to wear, but have you ever wondered where the term "Mad Hatter" comes from?
***** I said the hats were safe to wear... Pay attention...
***** I wasn't asking where the term came from, I was asking if zedd ever wondered where it came from... There's a difference.
***** No, I was asking if he had wondered. If you thought I was implying anything else then that's your fault for misunderstanding me. Not my fault.
Hence why the Mad Hatter is mad - mercury poisoning, since a hat maker would work with it constantly
In fact, Mercury has the Hg symbol because in Greek it's called Hydrargyrus (Υδράργυρος), which means "liquid silver". The 'Mercury' name comes from the alchemists' symbolization of this element with the planet Mercury.
One of its other aliases, quicksilver, is the source of the surfing company of the same name.
+Valoro85 Kvicksilver in Swedish, same meaning but then Swedish is a Germanic language :-)
Valoro85
queck sounds like quick
They should have given it the element symbol Q from German Quecksilber.
Hydrargyrum*
The moral of the story: If you want to be a robber, learn chemistry.
***** Maybe he just really, REALLY wanted to know what the temperature was?
jetjix No, I still think it's the temperature thing! :D
Who would buy it now?
I mean he was pretty smart for pouring it into his bucket and pouring dirty water on top of it.
Where is the mad hatter these days, I thought we had a meeting.
Mercury is also used to extract gold dusts. It amalgams the gold particles,forming a lump of gold that can be heated to stick together.
1:60 "Minimize contact with mercury." Cody's Lab "Now i am going to put mercury in my mouth."
finally someone talks about cody
Didn't he almost choke on it
It's so sad that mercury is so toxic - if it wasn't, it would be the perfect material to sleep on!
It would be very very cold in the winter though
Maybe you can use gallium?
@@ThePeterDislikeShowit hardens but galinstan exists :þ
But really expensive for a bed
It would be uncomfortable if it got in your orifices
Nottingham sure knows how to make science fun. Would of loved to have him as my prof.
Talking about people stealing it, my grandad told me about a similar event where he worked. Mercury was often used in chemical processes and there were cases of some of it being stolen. One guy who cycled to and from work had been hiding some inside his bike frame, and he was only discovered when one day he was trying to cycle out of the gate and his bike fell over and he couldn't pick it back up!
Chemists: Mercury is highly toxic.
Dentists: Cool, let's put it in people's mouths.
Mercury in a silver amalgam is not bioavailable
The mercury exposure to hat makers involved a process called "carrotting" - treating fibers with mercury and nitric acid (it's an orange solution, hence the name).
Funny, in Hungarian the symbol of mercury actually makes sense, because the element is called "HiGany"
That's interesting, as the symbol (chemical symbol) of mercury was named after something in Greek I believe, very similar to what you're talking about, I can't currently remember though.
It's named after the old word for mercury, which is "hydrargyrum"
Hidros = Water
Argiros = Silver
In latin it all makes sense.
Murcury was used in the hat making process by dipping the leather into it, wich would make the leather not rot.
But their brains would
when i was a little boy, i liked breaking our temperature and play mercury with my friends.
It's a shame they didn't mention the alternative name for Mercury, which is 'Quicksilver'. It was so called because in earlier times, 'quick' in English meant 'living' (see the Apostle's Creed: 'Thence he shall come to judge the quick and the dead'). So 'quicksilver' actually means 'living silver', a reference to its mobility as a metal.
I used to break open thermometers when i was a kid and play with mercury..
Me too, I’m a little crazy guy maybe it’s because of the mercury
How did you survived? (and i'm not referring to the poisioning, but the beating from your parents when they catched you)
The home in which I grew up as a teenager had a mercury switch in the thermostat controlling its central air conditioner. This switch had a small mass of mercury in a closed glass bulb, with various wires stuck into it to form various circuits. I loved toying with it to watch the peculiar way the mercury moved, and was just savvy enough to quietly shut off the air conditioning for the few moments I'd be dickering around with the thermostat switch.
When I taught high school chemistry in Neptune Beach, Florida, I discovered several boxed up barometers in the back of the storeroom. The mercury was stored in separate vials. I was able to get a hazmat team from the school district to come and dispose of the barometers.
Waste metallic Mercury is reacted with sulfur to produce HgS, similar to the naturally occuring mineral Cinnabar, which is insoluble in water. The HgS is then permanently stored in landfills for inorganic hazardous waste.
In hat making, Mercury(I) nitrate was used to cure the felt.
I am not a chemistry major, no. I am an Atmospheric Science Major. Physics is more important to me. That is beyond the point. I love these videos so much, and the more I watch the more I get enthralled with the series you guys have put together.
Thank you for taking the time to do this, and well, thank you.
One of your best element videos. Great stuff!
Great anecdote at the end. More of those please!
Best one I've seen yet.
Great story at the end. Love these videos!
I was thinking about cinnabar the other day wondering exactly what it was. I was recalling my Meso-America Anthropology professor discussing Mayan cultures' fascination with cinnabar. She mention cinnabar so much in pictorials and hieroglyphics always made me think it was bar of yummy cinnamon white chocolate.
Traditional top hats were made of felt that was formed from animal furs. Expensive hats were made from beaver fur, which has hairs that readily interlock and form a strong water-resistant felt. Cheaper hats were made from things like rabbit fur, which had to be specially treated with mercurous nitrate in order to form a felt. A later acid treatment would leave behind traces of elemental mercury, which would then be evaporated during the finishing and forming process.
These are fantastic tutorials! thanks for making them!
I've tasted mercury! Really nice flavor actually, sweet like butterscotch. I of course did a ritualistic cleansing of the mouth with water afterward, I say ritualistic because it's a heavy metal and any absorption that would have happened, happened instantly so besides letting it roll off my tongue back into the beaker, not much more I could have done for safety besides not taste it - but think of the glory! When people ask "what it tastes like" and you're the only one batshit enough to have a go at it.
A lot of kids have cracked a thermometer in their mouth and swallowed mercury. They all are fine.
Cody's lab had done that
Cody is a crazy dude.
Mergury isn't absorbed in the digestive tract and passes through relatively intact.
The danger is mercury vapo(u)r which readily absorbs in the lungs and then the bloodstream.
If the mercury reacts with anything that is easily absorbed, it can turn really dangerous really fast.
Very interesting, informative and well presented video, as are all other "periodicvideos" videos. Thanks for posting them.
In this video, the Professor discusses the Minamata Bay contamination by the Chisso corporation.
Even into the early 2000s, survivors still were not fully compensated by being acknowledged.
Press '7' repeatedly for lulz
jvobike It did nothing. Am I missing something? Or was I just owned?
Andrew Shirley Click pause and then play on the video, then press 7 repeatedly
jvobike * Pressing 7, 8 and 9 to make funny rhythms * Hardens- Hardens- Hardens- His bucket-Dingdong
Hard-Hard-Ha-Ha-Hardens-Dingdong-Hard-Hard-Ha-Ha-Hardens-Dingdong
xD
I've only just got this.
Ahahahah nice
I've 1L of mercury. well, my grandfather uses mercury in his workshop. He is a goldsmith. Use it to absorb the tiny particles of gold and then leverage to do other pieces of jewelry. He gave me 4 ml of mercury, to play a bit. :D
mercury isnt as dangerous as people make it seem. a lot of adults nowadays played with mercury when they were kids. the reason the hatters went mad is because they were breathing in the vapors all day for long periods of time
The mad hatter reference is correct. I saw on a documentary where the hatters would use a brush and paint the brim of a hat to make it hold a stiff edge. As the brush bristles stiffened, the hatters would commonly moisten them with saliva by touching them with their tounge - not the best idea in hindsight. Thanks for all the great videos.
Imagine the guy playing with arsenic like that...0_o
its mercury, not arsenic
Mercury(ii) nitrate was use to manufacture felt. This was known as "carroting" because aside from being highly caustic and highly poisonous, it turned everything a bright orange color, including an unfortunate feltmaker's or hatter's fingers. Animal pelts were soaked or brushed with a solution of HgN2O6. Owing to the caustic nature this caused the fur to fall out. It also loosened the microscopic scales on the cuticle layer of the hairs, making them "rougher" and more easily made into felt.
In times past, a mercury solution was commonly used in the felting
process. Mercury nitrate was used in processing the animal hair that
is used in making felt. It caused the fibers of the fur to separate
from the pelt and to mat together more readily. This is called
"carroting"'
1:34 the mercury used in hats was for the felt production I believe.
Prof, Hg was used in felting as well as putting a metallic sheen on silk top hats
I came up with a drinking game to be played while you watch these videos. Every time you see the prof. shake his hands, take a shot.
The crust is very easy to explain, since a metal like soldering tin, is not liquid at room temperature. The matte layer means the outer part (wich cools the quickest) is becoming solid . If you heat it up, the layer dissapears since it becomes liquid again. So it is just the metal returning to its solid form.
I like this professor he explains well and the last story is great!!!
Absolutely. Mercury is 30 times the weight than water. A single gallon of water is around 8 lbs, while a gallon of mercury would be about 240 lbs. It's so dense that other metals actually float in it with the exception of gold, in which mercury will actually adhere to it.
Mercury dissolves gold, which made it VERY popular with alchemists. Therefore, a great many alchemists were afflicted with mercury poisoning.
@Numboss if it is warm enough and you give it enough time, yes. I had a formula to calculate that time somewhere, but i my files are a mess, need to sort them again. But if i remember it correctly, A drop of 3mm diameter, takes about 2-5 hours at room temperature. Of course it is depending on air pressure and whatnot. But just as a rough guideline.
Wow the first thing I’ve seen the professor not know about: they used mercury to help make felt sit down in hats.
The other two metals which may be liquid at room temperature (in a hotter climate) are Gallium and Cesium (Elements #31 and #55, respectively).
Page 456
In that year he heated a chemical---red mercuric oxide---and in doing so produced an "air" that differed in many ways from ordinary air.
Page 455
Born near Leeds, England, on March 13, 1733, Priestley was one of six children.
Professor Poliakoff mentioned he did not entirely understand how mercury was involved in hat making. It was used in the form of Mercury(II) nitrate (mercuric nitrate if you want to be a bit more pedestrian) as part of the treatment process of beaver skins (whose fur was used to make felt for the hats), which were dried in ovens. The fumes from the drying process (and residue in the fur) would apparently cause widespread mercury poisoning among hatters.
omg. we need an entire channel for stories from martyn.
"What to do with the mercury that people no longer want." What? Who doesn't want mercury? Send it to me!
Mercury was used in hat making to “agglomerate” the rabbit or hare fur that was used for the felt in the production of the hat. After treatment, the felt was dried in an oven which then of course released Mercury vapour which was then breathed in by the workers and the resulting damage to health. Hence the term “Mad as a Hatter”.
Mercury was used to Polish Beaver Pelt Top Hats.
The amalgum story was quite hilarious. Pleased to hear that.
In north Mexico galium, rubidium (only in the desert), and cesium are liquid
The mercury was used to clean furs before felting. The furs were submerged in mercury, all of the dirt, bugs, loose hairs, etc, floated to the top, and the fur came out perfectly clean and dry.
Elemental mercury isn't toxic to swallow (in small amounts!) because it can't adhere to the mucus lining of the gut, and it just comes out the other end. Organic forms of mercury are toxic because they can be absorbed easily, such as the contaminated fish in Minimoto. Hatters used to stiffen hat brims with mercury vapour, which the lungs can absorb, and this would cause them to slowly go mad. The phrase 'mad as a hatter' was based on this, and then Lewis Carroll used this to create a character
yes, actually the chemical formula Hg comes from the latin "hydrargurum" which means "liquid silver"!
I'm like 95% sure This video played during one of my dreams. I dreamt that I was at the warehouse in Warehouse 13, and Pete was talking about mercury, and he mentioned the HG Wells thing, which was weird, because HG Wells is in the show.
I've had the unpleasant scare of digesting mercury when I was 15. Dad had 1/2 a liter in a glass sealed beaker and forgot to put it down on the ground before leaving from our hunting trip. I road in the fifth-wheel, I was sick with a flu, just as driving into the our parking spot, the bump made the glass fall and I was yawning at the same time. The stuff bounced into my mouth. Went to the hospital, nothing to do, they just told parents to watch me at night and everything was fine.
Ah those naughty window cleaners, anything that fits into their buckets becomes a shopping trolley
It is supposed to be so dense that it wont stick to your finger. Watch as he pours the mercury it doesn't "wet" the walls of the beaker. Its cohesion between molecules is so strong that if he pours it out none will be sticking to the glass as water for example....
@Jackfirecracker It used to be quite expensive, as it has a lot of industrial uses. You likely have mercury in you house, in the thermostat that controls you heating and air conditioning. A little sealed glass vial containing Mercury is connected to a bimetal coil, as the coil moves with temperature changes, the blob of mercury makes or breaks an electrical contact, turning the heater on or off.
Read a study not but about a couple years ago which found that over 50% of the major food products that contained High Fructose Corn Syrup as the #1 or #2 ingredient also contained mercury as well. Something about the processing of it I think, though I can't recall. Washington post article if memory serves me correctly. University of Calgary has an interesting video on CZcams about the effects of mercury on the human brain tissue.
19th Century doctors: "Got a headache? Here's an injection of Mercury in your behind!"
funny how the guy with the jar of mercury is all slightly frazzled and plays football with mercury and right after the prof dude is like "mercury is poisonous and gets into the brain and shows signs of madness"
Mercury is extracted by heating cinnabar in a current of air and condensing the vapor. The equation for this extraction is:
HgS + O2 → Hg + SO2
That was a pretty cool story at the end.
I love how they keep making sure not to forget gallium.
Interesting fact about mercury that he left out.Around the Year 1000 in Cairo and Baghdad they had huge (and i mean HUGE. Like 50 feet in diameter) mercury pools because of the awesome look of it. And there is an awesome mercury fountain made by Alexander Calder thats still working. Of course, it is sealed away airtight.
Also, the fumes are more dangerous than the mercury in its liquid form. You can touch it, it won't do harm to you. You can actually even swallow it, breathing fumes is worse.
Felting used mercury to stabilize and cure wool back in the day.
Actually, it used to be prescribed by doctors. It is safer to drink it than breath is (the atom is large, and has trouble penetrating the abdominal wall), while lungs are more penetrable.
Magnetics, Electricity and Mercury = MOST FUN EVER
show a video with Hg in liquid nitrogen. awesome characteristics. Pb is also fun under the liquid.
It wasn't mercury itself, as he's suggesting, but mercury salt, that they used to make felt for hats, day after day handling the material, would make the hat makers crazy! Those exposed developed uncontrollable twitches and trembles, making them appear demented by everyone!
Anyone who has seen mercury wishes that too. Imagine mercury swimming pools where you can just 'sit' on the surface.
@gumbie008 He was suggesting a way to remember the chemical symbol for Mercury-Hg, since Hg is not an intuitive association with Mercury.
all substances change volume with temperature, as per the Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT). The main difference being how much the volume changes, being compressible is another matter, as that is determined by pressure. Water is somewhat of a special case, because of the hydrogen bonds between the molecules it is much denser then would be expected, and so it does not compress readily, it is also one of the few substances less dense as a solid then as a liquid.
"it's very poisonous" next scene the guy is flinging the jar around and states he played football with it.. haha
@Effedup yeah. Gallium melts at a little below body temperature... its fun to play with too, and its not considered toxic.
Mustard? Now lets not be silly.
***** 2 days slow, that's what it is.
I just dropped my glasses when i was shaking dust off them, slammed straight into the floor and one glass flew up onto my computer table and knocked over my beer can
When I was in school we used to put it on the bench and play football with it! But youknowum, lots of people don't like us to do that anymore.
If you've got mercury that you don't need at the moment, surely there must be something you can react it with to form a (reasonably) non-toxic, not-extremely-reactive compound that could be stored relatively safely? I mean, the mercury had to come from the environment at some point, assuming it wasn't all synthesized in a particle accelerator (which would be rather uneconomic to do for such a common substance).
@staiain He's saying it's as heavy as other metals and could therefore break the glass with enough momentum.
I learned somewhere that mercury was used in hats to make them rigid and fit to head sizes and shapes that were needed.
@gumbie008 He was referring to the symbol for Mercury, "HG".
During the California gold rush Mercury was used in the refining process and was sourced from the Cinnabar mines near San Jose. I've always wondered if the workers there were susceptible to illness as a result.
On the Lewis & Clark expedition 1804 they used mercuric chloride as a laxative as eating buffalo with no veg was very constipating. Some of their camps have been located by analysing soils for mercury presumably from the latrines!
this guy's gonna be crazy... he's breathing that stuff in man.
Love these vids, so interesting. Good ol' elements.
These adults were all terminal. This means, that they all died. This was an Ely Lilly study in the 20's you are and everyone is referring to. There was no longitudinal affects, meaning impossible to find out the affects when they all died within weeks of each other.
A window cleaner stealing mercury? One for Sherlock Holmes no doubt!
Mercury is normally found in nature as cinnabar, which is a crystal that can be melted down into elemental mercury.
I love the professor's stories! 1:30
Interesting video; however, the video deserves to be more about mercury itself rather than mostly health and safety issues.
The mercury was used in the glue to make hats, and the hatters would breathe it in and go mad.
I used to break our thermometer to play with the mercury when I was a kid. It's no wonder I'm crazy today!
I was led (no pun) to believe that it was Lead that hatters used to brim top hats and make them stiff, and the Lead is what caused people to go mad. Mad as a Hatter
Like Pete says, it is beautiful. Really interesting how the mercury sticks to itself. I wonder if that has to do with valence electrons. Or, maybe a different sort of macro-property