Early Programming: Crash Course Computer Science #10
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- čas přidán 13. 06. 2024
- Since Joseph Marie Jacquard’s textile loom in 1801, there has been a demonstrated need to give our machines instructions. In the last few episodes, our instructions were already in our computer’s memory, but we need to talk about how they got there - this is the heart of programming. Today, we’re going to look at the history of programming and the innovations that brought us from punch cards and punch paper tape to plugboards and consoles of switches. These technologies will bring us to the mid 1970s and the start of home computing, but they had limitations, and what was really needed was an easier and more accessible way to write programs - programming languages. Which we’ll get to next week.
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This 9-and-a-half-minute video takes 69,843,491 bytes of storage as an MP4 file. If we were to store that file on punch cards using only eight rows (one for each bit), it will take 873,044 punch cards. Since each card is 0.007 inches thick, the stack of cards will be 6,111.308 inches high, 509.276 feet tall, or 437 boxes of cards at 2,000 cards per box. A card reader reading at 1,000 cards per minute, will take 873.044 minutes or 14.55 hours to read 873,044 punch cards. But instead of wasting four rows, let's use use all twelve rows of the card. Then we can store 120 bytes per card. This video will take 582,030 punch cards, stacked 4,074.21 inches high, 339.5 feet tall, or 292 boxes of cards. That's a lot of trees. And it will take 9.7 hours to read them.
And to think that was only less than 50 years ago. That's crazy.
I know,right? Grade 9 in 1980 we still used punch cards. 1982 we had "real" computers.
I used paper tape in 1977 to around 1979, perhaps. The high school (not the Danish term) had a shared computer with the neigbouring business high school. 16 KB of ram, 2 KB for each user. I feel old now, perhaps I am. I seem to remember it being a Swedish computer of some sort. It was unusable for about a week - some fool had hit a connector in the wall and made it short. In a far away room. I remember discussing with the math teacher and the physics teacher their badly written programs. In fact they just wanted them to be simple.
I was kind of lucky to get access to the computer in 1977 as I really was not a student there yet, I was far to young. But a few of us asked - please. Sure, you're welcome.
omfg we had computers *half a century* ago? that's crazy. this field is sooo old.
Imagine 50 years from now!
I can visualize people at CZcams hastily swapping plugboards and changing wires when I click a video.
Turns out that's the REAL reason it buffers so much...
*youTube recieves a takedown notice*
"Welp, better get the hatchet"
200 servers for Videos, 20000000 servers for taking take down notices.
If it were me, I'd just cat DMCA > /dev/null
fsck /dev/copyright
better yet.
dd if=/dev/random of=/dev/copyright
MetaBloxer that would be true if current technology was equivalent to 1950s, but you should actually be picturing electrons running through countless circuits at CZcams servers
@@aonoymousandy7467 he was making a joke
i think
This series is one big "Aaaaah thats how it works" "Ooooooh now i get it" "Really is that how its done?"
Super awesome!
Yes, these series is great.
but i find they don't always explain enough to make you understand it fully(crash course!)
Nevertheless, I look up on terms and concepts from these that intrigue me & in the process, find other great articles and blogs
And doing this awesomely supplements this series
And then you forget 80% of it after a long time... how sad
Trust me, never try to find how nuclear power generator works. Spoilers: Disappointing.
These never feel long enough. It's such an enjoyable series.
couldn't agree more!
I would suggest that you check out the channel called "Ben Eater." He does educational videos like this one but with greater length and much more detail.
That's kinda sad.
This guy is amazing, thank you!
Donnie Reesse I couldn't agree more
This series is simply mind-blowing! It's crazy to see just how much we take for granted nowadays. Looking forward to the next episode!
"Giggle bite -- seven of the eight siblings Joseph Jacquard had died before becoming adults"
That's some dark humour right there.
This series is excellent. I wanted to learn about computers-I’m very behind and 50 yrs old-and this has been a great beginning/history of. Thank you!
My great uncle used to work in Chicago running the machines that read punch cards. He told me that they'd keep the windows open while the computer was running year-round in order to cool them off, but they had to close them again before they left to avoid thieves and animals getting in. Then winter came around and one guy forgot to shut one of the windows. Everyone came in the next morning to a sea of broken glass from all the vacuum tubes that exploded from the cold.
Meanwhile, 60-70 years later, I left my computer in my car overnight since I didn't feel like dragging it in through the snow because I was tired. Worst thing that happened was that it was a little slow until it warmed up again the next day.
We have come a long way, friends.
20 Episodes later:
Humanity builds a giant supercluster called "Deep Thought", asks it the question for life, universe an everything, gets a punchcard back that reads: "101010"
Computer Science is Magic. You're a wizard, Carrie!!!
This series is delightful. Thank you CrashCourse and Carrie Anne!
My brain is melting from all I've learned in this series.
Can I just say Computer Science is my new favorite Crash Course.
Having 3 CC up at the same time is also amazing BTW.
That bit about toggle switches brings me back about 45 years to my first programming job. I was writing a device driver for a device that we were told would be compatible with the Data General minicomputer we were using, although there was no working driver available. I was flummoxed by the machine hanging every time the driver was invoked. I finally had to single step my driver code on the front panel to figure out where and why the hang occurred. One of a hundred memories I have from my early years (late 1970s into the 1980s) of programming!
The cliffhanger on this one ...
Hope they'll assemble their next episode very soon.
I hope she's going to work up from machine language. Or down to.
+MakeMeThinkAgain Machine Language, or M/C as it's often called, was actually shown briefly in this episode, in the clip with the Altair where it was shown how it was programmed by throwing switches and storing the binary values into memory. Next step up is using Hex(adecimal), and after that, we come to assembly language where each CPU instruction is symbolised by a short sequence of letters.
Perhaps I'm wrong, but I think of Machine Language and assembly as being native to the processor where compiled languages are a level of abstraction higher. All my languages were interpreted.
MakeMeThinkAgain That came later, with portable programming languages (C was a pioneer in this, created as a portable systems language for writing a portable operating system). Even high level languages frequently hold architectural details, such as LISP instructions CAR and CDR, or the absence of bit rotation in C.
Will we see the Rear Admiral next time?
I'm watching your series while I'm learning to simulate an 8-bit CPU and this course helps me a lot , I don't think I would be able to finish with out it , so inspiring , thanks a lot for this golden playlist
I'm glad the little window addressed the pronunciation of Neumann, because in physics I've always pronounced it the non-anglicised way.
One of the best episodes so far! Got so many of my questions answered!
Can't Thank enough for the graphics and pictures as background while Carey explains .. Great Work . Great source for learning
1:16 that's a macabre giggle you're having there mate ^^
This may be my favorite Crash Couse series yet. So well explained and engaging. Thanks for the great work.
The best series in CZcams currently.
Loving this series very much. Watching with close attention. Thank you crash course for uploading this.
Thank you so much for this videos, it really helps me understand this information.
That's the rason I'm watching this amazing CC. I love programming, but I belive every professional must learn way beyond hia/her scope. Always learn. to the core! And this series is helping so much.
Punch cards are for n00bs, real programmers use a big bang to program a universe wherein the computer and program desired evolve over the course of billions of years on their own
There's an emacs package for that
Rick Sanchez approves this
+Tony Kant Even Wow that is hardcore lol
A yes, the good old M-x run-ancestor-simulation.
xkcd.com/378/ This is were the joke comes from.
A former prof of mine once told me how they used to immediately know the finger position for each octal digit to punch data into their computers back in the day. If you look at the picture of the Altair 8800, its bits are also arranged in groups of three. So that's why octal has this important role to this day, even though everybody uses hex these days.
Watching all episides in a row.
I think we all owe the Green brothers a big thank for starting all these awesome channels! (vlogbrothers, mental floss, scishow, crash course)
Bachelor of science in computer engineering and been a Java developer for 5 years. Still find this series great. She explains better then my professors ever did.
Love the show. First time I have waited with bated breath for the next since Loadstar Disk Monthly
Thank u very much, as a beginner i have already had a clear view of computer's components and the mechanism behind them.
Man! Now I have to wait for that Memory episode. Keep it up guys I really like these videos :D
Toward the end of the series, can you talk about user experience/human factors engineering? The example of Margret Hamilton urging removal of a bug that would let an astronaut cause an error is a good example
I look forward to this series every week.
#dftba
Your graphics are splendid!!
my favorite CC vids!
Great Course thanks !!
I wish if my every teacher was like you , i would never fail in any subject.
5:04 - I watched this video on a quantum computer in 2050. I came back just to leave this comment. :-)
everyone gangsta till daniel really comments in 2050..
Great job!
Hey guys You are amazing! keep the great work :)
you are my teacher now hh, Tnks a lot!
love this
C you next week
we'll learn how to assembly those languages
you could say the next episode is a SQL to this weeks episode
lets GO and learn stuff SWIFT-ly
i hope my stack of to do lists doesnt overflow
alright alright im done no more bad puns
Nice! Keep it up and you'll be on par with TV Tropes' "Sorting Algorithm Of Tropes" page introduction.
Cringe
I hope somewhere in this series you guys mention Unix >Berkeley Software Distribution > Mack Kernal> Open Step which is what was on the Next Cube that Tim Berners Lee used to create the WWW, HTML, Hypertext Transfer Protocol, etc...
0:26 those graphics really pop with the old film filter
Super good
Everything seemed tedious 100 years ago, not just computing, but doing laundry, heating up food, traveling thousands of miles, taking photographs. Sheesh. We're definitely spoiled 😀
Where is the "Another level on abstraction" bit i love it!
Computer science couldn't be better explained than this crash course
9:26 Das Blinkenlights!
awesome
I suspect the Altair 8800 couldn't have run Crysis.
Can't wait to talk about Grace Hopper and Dennis Ritchie next week.
Actually, if it was a Turing-complete computer it could run Crysis or any computable program, at least if you give it enough time
That's the thing, to run Crysis you must run at 60fps, no computer can do that.
Do one on the Unix Epoch
Computer science teaching queen
Dr Dobbs Journal of Computer Calisthenics and Orthodontia, Running Light without Overbite.
Later DDJ of Tiny Basic. Most of the pages were octal numbers to toggle in.
I'm early, time to assemble a joke
Ryan Doherty I C what you did there. It was a pretty Basic joke. The joke follows a similar Scheme to other comments. But you get the prize for originality. Have a cup of Java!
Scott Korin 10 many puns
Warning
Pun overflow
@@ScottKorin uhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh Ruby
helpful
2:27 That's about the extent of what I can do in Excel, too.
7:48 basics of ALL computing in one macro example
Man, thank goodness for stuff like C, Java and Python.
Happy returning :)
Next episode: a machine runs a program to translate text into something the machine can actually understand. And possibly programs that execute the text directly without translating.
The first is a compiler (or assembler).
The second is an interpreter.
It is interesting
I highly recommend reading 'Hackers by Steven Levy' if you're interested in more about evolution and history of programming and home computing.
I like u explain
Thankfully IBM also made punch card sorters to make that job easier as well.
Thanks for the wonderful video. I still think programming is hard and tedious! :)
4:20 for Dr. Dennis class.
4:56 No way! I totally see Benedict Cumberbatch there! Is that how they thought of him for "The Imitation Game"??
"C" you next week
Program is recombination of old elements in design to solve problem.
I'm watching these vids as if I'm addicted to a TV show. Lol
4:24 *"progrmming"*
Low-key feel good I survived the first 10 episodes. They felt more like Eletrical/Computer Engineering rather than Computer Science(nothing wrong with that). Hopefully this begins to make a lot more sense.
8:46 I C what you did there.
Half of things is going above my mind but i am still watching this videos because its sound interesting and fascination things 😂.
Jacquard, Hollerith, Von Neuman, the Altair and was that a pic of Katherine Johnson at 8:25? Really, my cup runeth over :-D
Along with Episode 7, im confused as to what instructions (and by extension programs) are. For example in Episode 7 the instructions were LOAD A, etc. But how does the cpu know what LOAD A is? Is LOAD A a complex series of logic gates as I am imagining? But wouldnt that make instructions hardware and not software? Im missing someting here...
There should be Crash Courses for languages
I need this and I didn't even realized I need this.
LOL@8:12 "This was home-computing in 1975, wow..."
The most common programming language I use is "GODDAMMIT WILL YOU F**KING WORK!!!!!"
CC: It's not magic, it's computer science
Me: got it, Computer science is magic.
That moment when you catch up the whole series and then hate yourself because you suck at waiting...
7:45 I made a working lcd controller exactly like that but it didn’t write to memory it wrote to an lcd
I wonder what's being listed on the screen at the upper right of the video, for instance at 2:36
@5:04 Are those freaking scanlines on an Ipad? lol
5:04 welp there's a good opportunity for a paradox.
*Hey VSause, come check this out!!*
My computer science teacher told us that when she was programming she was putting punch cards into computers
Wait, so, for the Altair, to program something, you had to flip 8 switches and press a button for *every byte of the program*? Ugh, I'm so glad I was born in the 90s, because I would never have had the patience for that, and if I weren't a programmer, I have no idea what I'd be XD
What does swappable mean? I didn't find it at Cambridge or Oxford dictionaries!
5:43 what about putting numbers on the cards?
Is the Enigma cypher a computer since it's programmable?
Hehe - the Creeper in the background!
No matter what language is created, programming is always going to be hard since the easier you make the language, the more things that will want to be done with the easier language.
Fun fact, some early video games were created using punch cards. John Romero made about half of one, until he dropped it in a puddle and gave up. :P
Man this pretty "basic"
Løgan lol
Løgan I'm coding in qb64 right now because my school is in the 50's.
I imagine it'll build up to modern programming the way they built from transistor to supercomputer.
17inchcorkscrew It was a joke, I was not talking about the video. I was making a pun, "basic" is an old coding language.
I can C how Funny that was!
Has it ever been considered to make a crash course, language learning course? Spanish or Latin are taught in many schools and I think it would be a pretty cool thing to add.
Learning a language doesn't fit well with what Crash Course does, I fear. Language learning (even Latin) is all about practice, repetition, and (if possible) immersion. Sure, there could be a video on the conjugation of videre / ver in various tenses, but that is really hard to visualise, and it lacks the most important thing: exercises, exercises, exercises.
@@varana
Pretty sure that's why their is no crash course math. The other problem is that a language class might fit the US dialect, but not the South African one...
E.g. South Africans use the word Robot for traffic light and stock for inventory in their English dialect. Americans mess with the spelling of stuff like color and colour...