How to assess pain?

"On a scale of 1 to 10...", sounds familiar? Have you tried rating your own pain? Curious about how pain is assessed? This video is for you!
Haven't yet watched the video on what is pain? Check out this link: • What is pain?
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Recap 📝
1. OLDCART can be used to assess pain systematically.
O - Onset, when did the pain first start?
L - Location, where does it hurt?
D - Duration, how often does the pain occur and how long does it last?
C - Characteristics, how does the pain feel like?
A - Aggravating factors, what makes the pain worse for the patient?
R - Relieving factors, what makes the pain better?
T - Treatment, what are the previous and current treatments, and were they effective?
Pain assessment scales (for communicative patients):
1. Numerical rating scale is commonly used for oriented patients who can quantify pain from a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 is no pain, and 10 is the worst possible pain.
2. Descriptive scale is used for patients who cannot quantify pain. Patients are asked to describe the pain on a scale of no pain, mild pain, moderate pain to worst possible pain.
Pain assessment scales (for patients who can't verbalise):
1. Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale
- Pain is represented using facial expressions, from a scale of 0, meaning no pain😀 to 10 meaning severe pain 😢.
2. Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD)
- Conducted by a healthcare worker for patients who are unable to communicate in any meaningful way and are not oriented.
- The assessment components are: 1) breathing, 2) presence of groaning, 3) facial expression- is there any facial grimace, 4) body language and 5) the need to be comforted.
Animation transcript: bit.ly/3pwNx8b
References
1. Brant JM. The global experience of cancer pain. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2010;11 Suppl 1:7-12.
2. Gordon DB. Acute pain assessment tools: let us move away beyond simple pain ratings. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2015;28(5):565-569.
3. Welchek CM, Mastrangelo L, Sinatra RS, Martinez R. Qualitative, and quantitative assessment of pain. In Sinatra RS, de Leon-Cassaola OA, editors. Acute pain management. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2009. p.147-171.
4. Sheehy SB. Emergency nursing: principles and practice 3rd ed. St Louis: Mosby Year Book, 1992.
Wong-Baker Faces Foundation. Wong-Baker faces pain rating scale, 2016. Available at: wongbakerfaces.org.
Content experts: Dr. Ho Peiyan and Henry Kong
Video producer: Perry Lee
Voiceover: Henry Kong
This video is done in collaboration with GERI Institute - www.geri.com.sg/
All rights are reserved to GeriCare and there should not be any reproduction, publication, or adaptation of any part of the video content without prior approval from GeriCare.
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