Gothic Stained Glass Window. Step by step manual. Stonemasonry course. Pedro Pablo García Primo

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Escuela de Arte y Superior de Diseño de Mérida. Ciclo de Grado Medio de Reproducciones Artísticas en Piedra
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Architectural Stone Carving Programs (ARSCAP) www.arscap.info
Gothic Art
Gothic stained glass windows were one of the main constructive-decorative elements that determined how religious architecture was perceived in the last centuries of the Middle Ages.
They were mainly used in such buildings as churches and cathedrals.
Gothic stained glass windows are much larger in size than those of the Romanesque style.
The increase in the size of the stained glass was possible due to the discovery of the new architectural structures that allowed the space to be raised and the windows to be opened, therefore replacing the solid wall with glass.
Arch Drawing
The lancet arch, also known as the pointed arch, is one of the main distinguishing features of Gothic architecture. It is formed by two symmetrical arch sections that converge at a central angle at the keystone.
The pointed arch transmits lateral thrust better than a semicircular arch, which allows for larger spans, higher walls and provides a greater sense of verticality.
To build a pointed or two-centered arch, we have to draw a segment with the total width of the arch and mark the thickness of the voussoirs. Then, mark the center at the ends and, using the measure of the total width, draw two arcs of circumference until they cut each other.
Then, we need to draw two more arcs of circumference marking the center at the ends, but this time, we must subtract the measure of the voussoir thickness to the total width.
A vertical line through the middle of the arc allows us to locate the thickness of the stained glass voussoir that will rest in the center.
This allows us to create two other pointed arches in the lower part of the main arch inner part.
Using these same measurements, we have to draw the third interior arch in the upper part.
To draw the trefoil of the interior arcs, we need to find the inner tangent circle of the generated triangle.
The intersections of this circle with the bisectors will create the centers we are looking for.
Once the arc is drawn, a series of radial lines are created to divide it into the number of voussoirs or pieces that will compose it.
Voussoirs division and templates creation
It is important to study the design to be made. For this purpose, a scale sketch is made. In this sketch, the geometric construction method must be clear.
Before starting the carving, it is necessary to previously create all the pieces templates.
The arc is drawn on a plane with a compass. It must be the same size as the final work will be, therefore, at a scale of 1:1.
This drawing is called a ‘montea’ (arch building) and must be made in such a way that it can be kept throughout the entire process of the work for consultation by the stone carvers.
The ‘montea’ allows us to draw the final patterns or templates to transfer each voussoir design to the stone block.
Due to their constant use during the carving process, these templates are made on a sheet of tin or wood so that they are not deformed or altered in any way.
Voussoirs carving
The voussoir template is placed on the stone block. To draw the front face, the template is marked on one of the block faces. Its main lines must be extended to the lateral planes so as to be able to accurately place the template again when drawing the back face.
The excess material is removed.
The edges are chiseled off and the tracks of the planes are traced with a chisel. These, between 2 and 4 cm wide, clearly show the excess material to be removed, which will be done first with the pointer and later with the chisel and bush hammer.
Arch assembly
Once the voussoirs have been completed, the arch is assembled on a flat, horizontal surface. This way, the joints can be adjusted and finishing touches can be made.
To assemble the arch vertically, we need to align the lower segments or voussoirs with a guide and place them at the distance established in the design. As the arch has a central support, it is not necessary to use a wooden formwork for the placement of the rest of the voussoirs.
Créditos
Architectural Stone Carving Programs (ARSCAP)
Escuela de Arte y Superior de Diseño de Mérida
Agradecimientos: Excmo. Ayuntamiento de León
Centro de los Oficios de León
Canal Extremadura
Maestro Cantero: Pedro Pablo García Primo. Centro de los Oficios de León
Guión y Dirección: Luis Alfonso Macías Moreno
Cámara: Manuel Acedo Lavado
Edición: Manuel Acedo Lavado. Luis Alfonso Macías Moreno
Locución Jose Carlos Macías Moreno
Traducción: Manuel Gómez Mirón, María Jesús Bazaga Conde, María Teresa Sanchez Moruno

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Fabuloso, interesante documento