Pharmacology - ANTIBIOTICS - CELL WALL & MEMBRANE INHIBITORS (MADE EASY)

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Antibiotics, also known as antibacterials, are a group of drugs used to treat various infections caused by bacteria. Antibiotics work by either selectively killing (bactericidal) or inhibiting the growth (bacteriostatic) of bacteria. This pharmacology lecture covers topics such as classification of antibiotics; cell wall structure of Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, Mycobacteria; mechanism of action and side effects of Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors: Beta-lactams (Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Monobactams), Beta-lactamases (Avibactam, Clavulanic acid, Sulbactam, Tazobactam), Fosfomycin, Cycloserine, Vancomycin, Bacitracin, Antimycobacterial drugs (Isoniazid, Ethambutol), mechanism of action and side effects of Cell Membrane Integrity Disruptors: Daptomycin, Polymyxins.
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Source of diagram depicting the enzymatic steps involved in S. aureus cell wall synthesis: www.biomedcentral.com/1471-218...
0:00 Intro
2:02 Bacterial cell wall structure
3:02 Beta-lactams & Beta-lactamases
6:18 Enzymatic steps of cell wall synthesis
8:24 Fosfomycin, Cycloserine, Vancomycin, Bacitracin
11:38 Mycobacterial cell wall inhibitors
14:24 Cell membrane integrity disruptors

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But i have a qusetion about the Daptomycin mechanism. "such as potassium to leak through causing depolarization of membrane" why is depolarzation? positive ion out--> inside more negative than outside --> it should mean repolarization or hyperpolarization. Am i correct or not? Thank you.

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1. Are the antibiotic producing isolates sensitive to known antibiotics? 2. If so, what does this tell us about the isolates? How might this relate to the antibiotics they produce?