Independent, Dependent and Confounding Variables in Quantitative Research
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- čas přidán 16. 01. 2014
- youstudynursing.com/
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Research questions should clearly identify the variables under study. In the above examples X symbolizes the independent variable and Y symbolizes the dependent variable. In this video we are going to examine the question "Is there a difference in GPA between nursing students who watch NurseKillam's videos and those who do not watch NurseKillam's videos?"
The independent variable is the one that researchers think will have an effect on the dependent variable or variables under study. If the study is experimental the researcher will manipulate this variable. This manipulation means that the researchers will cause the variable to happen in a group of people. For example, if we used our question for an experimental study the researcher would show NurseKillam's videos to one group of students while ensuring that the other group of students did not see them.
If the study is non-experimental the variable is assumed to happen naturally before or during the study. Instead of making some students watch the videos the researchers would measure or observe if the videos were watched. One way to do this would be to survey students to see if they had watched the videos.
Like the name suggests, the dependent variable is assumed to be a result of or change based on the presence, absence or magnitude of the independent variable. One way to remember this relationship is that the outcome of the dependent variable depends on the independent variable. The question is worded in a way that identifies the variables to be studied.
In our example the two variables are GPA and watching NurseKillam's videos. It would not make sense for an increased GPA to cause students to watch the videos. However, watching the videos may cause an increase a student's GPA. Therefore, the dependent variable in our example is the GPA. The one that is assumed to cause the change in the GPA is the independent variable.
Even though a higher GPA may be assumed to be a result of watching NurseKillam's videos a causal relationship between the two variables cannot necessarily be proven. Instead, a relationship can be identified but awareness of other factors needs to be discussed. When examining the relationship between the independent and dependent variables researchers must also be aware of and control for as many confounding variables as possible.
Confounding variables include anything that may confuse or confound the relationship that is being examined. It is because of confounding variables that non-experimental research cannot prove cause and effect relationships. Researchers also need to be careful not to claim cause and effect relationships too easily in experimental research because of these confounding variables. In experimental research an attempt is made to control as many confounding variables as possible.
In our example question, what things other than watching NurseKillam's videos may cause an increased GPA? Anything other than the independent variable that could have caused the student's GPA to increase would be a confounding variable.
To remember what these types of variables are and how to identify them think about relationships. The dependent variable is the one that depends on something and is expected to change. Independent variables, like independent people do not rely on others. Anything that may confuse this relationship is confounding.
There are a couple of messages I want you to take from this example: 1) Please note that research questions may include many variables -- not just one independent and one dependent variable. 2) whether a particular variable like class attendance is independent or dependent may change depending on the role it plays in any given study.
Lets see if I can get this right:
Candy - independent
Participation- dependent
Essay marks- dependent
English course- independent
Assigned reading - independent
Test score- dependent
Thanks NK, I was dreaming of ditching the whole post grad course I was so clueless! This has been made crystal clear now.
Thanks Nurse! You are awesome!
I'm studying for the GRE and your video was crystal clear and will help me approach the verbal sections with a stronger foundation. Thanks again!
Watching NurseKillam's videos are definitely helping me understand and pass my Intro to Research class..thank you!
Excellent explanation. Thank you!
You are so clear and great that I wish you were teaching my stats class.
Wow, this was incredibly clear and helpful! I started asking myself, "How will this thing (DV) RESPOND after this thing (IV) is used?" Therefore, I think, Candy is the IV while class participation is the DV. And in the next question, Essay Marks are the DV while the course is the IV. Then Test scores are the DV while Reading is the IV.
Thanks so much, i got lots of things concerning variables and confounding
Fruitful lesson for especially novice researchers
Thanks NurseKillam. This nurse is grateful for this vid. I am currently pursuing MS Health informatics, wish me luck.
Very good information I understand the differences better.
You made understanding of this area of research very easy,thanks!
Great to hear! Thank you for the feedback.
That's so nice !!! Awesome explanations. Actually, I have exam tomorrow, and that helps me a lot to understand the difference between the variables. Thanks a lot !! :-)
Good to hear. I hope the exam went well!!
Wow! incredible. i had watched a few videos but this one is where i stopped and moved to writing down my research questions.
Great to hear!
oh my goodness what a blessing! thank you!
Thank you so much! You helped me a lot getting ready for my very first Research Exam next Friday!
+Katja Marlene you are welcome. I hope you do well!!
In the third example, candy is the independent variable and class participation is the dependent variable; in the fourth example, the prerequisite English class is the independent variable and essay marks is the dependent variable; in the last example, reading assigned materials is the independent variable and test scores is the dependent variable.
nice video. how do you use the variables to make a regression model?
Excellent video! Easy to understand. Thank you!
I'm happy to hear that. Thanks!
effect of candy is the independent variable while class participation is the dependent variable
Good explanation. Thanks. How can I arrange Y axis data when I am knowing only X values. Please help
I would say there is a difference because I have consolidated my knowledge of variables by watching nursekillan videos.
great help - thanks
Wow! This video is a life saver for my data analysis n Interpretation coursework. I thank you immensely for this. More is such please, I have just subscribed to ur channel.
Awesome. I hope to make another video soon. My pregnancy and 3 kids have kept me busy lately but I'm working on it.
Thank you very much for making the statistics simple and easy to understand. It helped me to understand the basics.
with regards
Thank you. I'm happy it helped.
very informative and easy to grasp key points. will definitely share with my friends and students
Awesome. I'm happy it helped and thanks for sharing :)
Muchas gracias!!
nice one, I like it, well explainable ideas
wow! nice, video and explanation!! would you mind finding 3 IV for this topic? " impact of outsourcing in higher learning institutions" ?
very clear and simple to understand.
thanks for the good works
Thank you for watching and taking the time to let me know what you think.
3. if class participation is what changes and candy is the possible determinant of change. also being that candy does not change due to class participation, I would then consider candy as the independent variable and class participation as the dependent variable.
Not sure if i'm right. just chucking it out there
You are awesome! Extremely helpful!
Thanks you! :)
This is so understandable, thanks a lot.
I'm so happy to hear that :) thanks for the feedback.
Thank you.
I am teaching this subject today! Some students understand right away, but some don’t get it at alll!!!
Thank you for this video - it is very well done. Please can you add the answers to the last slide here?
Very nice video !
Very well explained. You should have more videos explaining the Research designs and the type of studies. I am taking the class Overview of Research, Methods and study in Health Care Administration. This video helped me understand the relationship between the variables. Good job.
+TheJzgames thank you. I'm building my collection of videos. There are more about research on my channel page :)
Great explanation and very helpful.
+Sheri Giordano Thank you :)
got all right. The one that has to change in the dependent.
very informative. But i have a question how can i identify the experimental confound? and at the same time modify the experiment to eliminate the confound. i appreciate your response. cheers
Perfect explaination!
Thanks :)
Is candy the independent variable and class participation the dependent variable?
easy marks -dependent, prerequisite english course- independent variable
reading assigned materials - independent variable, test scores- dependent
Very clear and nice exposition. Thanks.
Thank you
Wow😃😃😃
Thanku sooo much ,its very helpful....
What's the difference between a confounding variable and risk factor?
Please answer me, what is the variable on R&D model? does R&D model have variables as well as Qualitative and Quantitative, I meant like have mentioned in this video???
It's really helps
this is beautifully explained
Thank you!
For 1,I think that candy will cause the scores to change,because it is distraction from the subject (dependent variable),and it depends on class attendance (independent variable),and for the second one, I think that possibly,due to at least 2 subjects to focus on (dependent variable),and finally,that if they use it as a tutor,it will cause better test scores (Independent variable) and if they use it just that once,that the score would either go down or stay the same.
Thx for a nice video. Still have a question... Gotta research "how each single IV effects the DP" so what kind of a tool should I use to find it out? Working on GRETL lately
+Roksana I I'm not sure. Try looking for similar studies as a starting point.
Hi mam .pls answer my question.
The variable which is influenced by the intervention of the researcher is called
1.idependent variable
2.dependent
3.discrete
4.extraneous
Dependent
Dependent
Nice one!
+Seun Olanrewaju Thank you
candy- independent
class participation- dependent
essay marks- independent
nursing students and pre-requisite English course- dependent
reading assigned materials- independent
student test scores-dependent
*WRONG!*
4. Essay marks are being effected therefore it is the dependent variable. English course = independent
5. Test scores = dependent variable. Reading assigned materials = independent variable.
a good and simplified presentation.......
:)
Awesome
very useful thanks ^^
Extremely Nice.. I am working on Self construal, Interpersonal conflict and Conflict management strategies...So if you have any kind of suggestions that would be welcome... :)
Of the top of my head I don't. With a new baby I don't get to a computer much so I can't help much. If you are trying to decide what variable(s) are independent it depends on your question.
Thanks a lot.
Is candy -independent
Class participation-dependent
Essay marks -dependent
Participate -Independent
Reading assigned materials-independent
Test scores-dependent?????
Heena Wadhera we have the same answers
candy is independent; class participation dependentessay marks dependent, English class independenttest scores dependent, reading materials independent
Candy = Independent variable
Class participation = dependent variable
Essay Marks = dependent variable
English Course = independent variable
Test Scores = dependent variable
Reading = independent variable
What is the effect of candy on class participation?
- the effect of candy is independent
-the class participation is dependent variable
Do essay marks change if nursing students participate in an prerequisite English course?
- essay marks is dependent variable
-nursing students participate in an prerequisite English course
What is the effect of reading assigned materials on students test scores?
- reading assigned materials is independent
- students test scores is dependent variable
Why... oh why is it that nobody seems to know about e-learning design rules.... PLEASE read e-learning and the Science of Instruction
Sorry dear I'm very afraid of mathematics
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Good explanation. Thanks. How can I arrange Y axis data when I am knowing only X values. Please help
Thanks. I'm not sure I know what you are asking. In order to plot something you need to know X and Y or calculate the missing value. Unless the Y value is just a count of how often X occurs. I'm not sure that helps though.