Pneumonia (mechanism of disease)

This is a short video on the mechanism of disease for pneumonia.
This video was made using Google Slide.
ADDITIONAL TAGS:
Complicated pleural effusion, possible empyema
Pneumonia
Risk factors
Disease process
Manifestation
Stroke
Seizure
Anesthesia
Drug/alcohol use
Dysphagia / dysmotility
Esophageal lesions
Impaired airway protection
Viral respiratory tract infection (e.g., influenza)
Chron. Obstruc. Pulm. Dz
Congestive heart failure
Diabetes mellitus
chronic comorbidities
crowded living conditions (e.g., prisons, homeless shelters)
environmental toxins (e.g., solvents, paints, or gasoline)
Impaired immune system
Respiratory tract irritation
Pathogen infection (bacterial, fungal, viral)
Various mechanisms
(incompletely understood)
Microbial virulence factors
↓
Cellular damage
↓
Inflammatory response
↓
Tissue damage
Accumulation of mucus, immune cells → antibodies and inflammatory mediators in the alveoli
Altered transmission of sound fluid-filled alveoli
Decreased or consolidated lung sounds
Diffuse, heterogeneous airway obstruction
Crackles
Blocked airways forced open with deep inspiration
Activation of peripheral sensory receptors
Tachypnea
Ventilation perfusion mismatch
Altered blood chemistry:
↓ pH, ↑ pCO2, ↓ PaO2
Hypoxemia
Peripheral sensory receptors detect hypoxia → CNS centers drive activation of respiratory system → increased work of breathing
Dyspnea
abnormal lung exam
Prostaglandins → ↑ core body temperature set point via hypothalamus
Fever
Chemo- and mechano- sensory receptors lining airway activated
Mucus secretion
Efferent signals to diaphragm, pharynx, intercostal, and neck muscles
Cough
Pulmonary pleura
is damaged
Exudative pleural effusion
Exudative pleural fluid has one of the following: pleural/serum protein ratio 0.5; p/s LDH ratio 0.6; pleural LDH ⅔ x ULN serum LDH. Complicated effusions are exudative with high WBC, LDH 1000, pH 7.2, glu 40 mg/dL OR have bacteria present. In empyema, pleural fluid might be difficult to obtain.
Core concepts
Cellular physiology
Inflammation / cell damage
Social determinants of health
Respiratory gas regulation
Microbial pathogenesis
Cardiovascular pathology
Chronic inflammation pathology
Pharmacology / iatrogenic
Immune system dysfunction
Flow gradients physiology
Nervous system pathology
Signs / symptoms
Labs / tests / imaging results
Fibrous septa form localized pockets +/- scarring of the pleural membranes
pleural fluid

[@laoluadesanya9910]

current medical student here. Your teaching format is amazing. If only more channels structured the clinical presentation in this way !

[@littlemountaintotherescue8954]

Gracias

[@funkystyle7249]

I wish you could put pdf of the disease chart.