osiyo nigada, this is noel, thanks for tuning in for the class, tonight is the first time ive watched it, well i didnt watch it i just skipped though it to the moccasin making and sizing description to make sure it was comprehensive to the viewing audience and to help myself in presenting it next time, i noticed one thing i forgot to tell during the video is sizing , this pattern is for my feet which are 10.5'' x 10.5 '' if you have different sizes of numbers on your feet say 10x13 you will make up the difference by adding the extra 3'' at the back of the pattern! i hope this didnt confuse you. the stitch in the back is also important to the technique. when done correctly these moccasins will fit like a sock. sorry it took me so long to thank you all, but im not in the habit of watching myself on t.v. wado noel
Hi Noel Grayson. My name is Roger blaacker and I recently found out I come from a long line of Cherokee and Blackfoot Indians.. I’ve been trying to reconnect with my ancestors and my culture and watching your videos help me with that.. thx so much.. love the way you teach the old ways with so much passion
Osiyo Nelson...are you familiar with the Grayson family of Long Island NYC? I have records from the 1800's and I'm establishing land patents here. I need all the logical connections I can get. Please inform. Thank you
I went to your workshop you did with the Nation around Austin, TX a few years back and it was really fascinating to learn your method and how you taught. I've been making my own moccasins ever since, I even showed the rest of my family your method.
noel is awesome, i have all the time in the world, for this man, he is a national treasure, his knowledge needs to be saved for posterity and taught in schools. in wales, the english made our won language illegal until the 1950s, less than 10% of wales can even speak our own language. don`t let this happen to the real americans, like it happened to the real british, celtics.
He is a good teacher. I knew his dad. I met him the first time at a culture camp at Maxwell Park in North Tulsa. He listened to what people had to say about things.
I had the honor of getting to meet Mr Grayson about 3 yrs ago at Deligwa ...very knowledgeable, patient and kind man..he gave my family the tour of the village..I want to go back
I have been trying to teach myself flint knapping with traditional tools , antler and stone and I recently discovered your videos. I hope and pray that you are doing well and only wish that someday I could spend a day with you sir!!!!! I have learned more from your videos than any reading or other videos I have found!!! Thank you for sharing knowledge of your ancestors with us ♥️
I am so going to make me a pair of moccasins ,all I have to do now is ask my brother in law for a deer hide .I am so glad to have watched this video. thank you for making it.
Thank you for sharing so much with us, Hopefully I will be able to share the Moccasin's with others. I made a pair for myself today and they are nice and comfortable because they were made specifically for my wide feet lol. Peace
Nole is a great person i wish i lived close to him id mow his yard and cut his fire wood just to learn from him this man is a wealth of knowledge one of the greatest americans ive ever seen . God bless him and his family .
Think discovery needs to pick up a show with him travelling America through the country meeting other Indian tribes . Record as much history before it’s forgotten. America is steeped in a long history , it didn’t start with European invasion, it wasn’t discovered, it was inhabited by native Indians
@@noelgrayson7025 ha ha I’ll be right behind you , I’ll bring my own bowl . A lot of wrongs happened to native Indians and I know some don’t want to communicate outside their tribe , but as their tribe grows smaller through youth moving away then skills and history is being lost . We live in a digital age where things can be recorded so history is not lost forever , I think you’d be great to not be looked so much as an outsder to other tribes to help record their own tribes history . Everyone wins and we get a feast too ha ha . All the best in life my friend , keep doing what you do , your a great teacher
osiyo Noel Grayson. Wado for your kindness in showing us how to make Moccasins. Also how to Flint Nap arrowheads. I recently learned about some Cherokee ancestors while doing my family tree. I am so happy ! I believe, for my Bucket List, I would love to make my own arrowhead and do some bead work. I am 70 now..lol so I best get started ! Wado Noel Grayson, Wado for all you do.
I have river cane here that ranges from arrow shaft size up to around 3 to 4 inches in diameter. I think the cane just keeps growing as long as it isn't cut.
That's the first I ever heard of modern hunters tossing hides..... 🤯 I'm not into hunting myself yet (cost prohibitive entrypoint...) but I know people.... If that's true, heck, I'll beg the hides off em. (That's not supposed to sound like a figure of speech, but that'd be a funny one... 🤣) As a craftsman myself, I've actually skinned seven or eight leather SOFAS🛋️ that other people have discarded by the road for city pick-up services. 😆
First Ive made piles of mokersins . I must have a high foot , after about the first 2 ins it starts shortening up I must go to a regular stitch or it gets to small. Ive undone it 3 times . I like the circle method ,Imight need to oval the pattern to fit me. After digging out my woodland pattern is over all 1 in wider .Guess all trees in the woods is not the same size...
thank you. I have learned the Cherokee moccasins , I will love to learn more of the ancestral ways, but can"t find nobody in North Carolina that is Cherokee.
Creator meant for us to be one with the Earth. If we were meant to have rubber between the meridian points meant for our good health, & natural grounding , I believe we would be able to forage up pure rubber (goldenrod doesn’t count here) things such as healing crystals, gems, & our natural medicines & foods :)
Noel, I love your videos, you remind me of some of my cousins most of them Choctaw/Cherokee back several generations though.... Doesn't even show in my DNA but does in my kids.... I find that strange... Anyways, as I recall the bottoms of the moccasins were usually made from neck skin because it was thicker and tougher.... I tried to make some as s a kid, but couldn't get the hang of it...
I hope Nole checks back on this every so often. I have a pair of half finished moccasin's and would love to finish them. The stitching was my problem (10 years ago!). I am going to pull them out again and see if I can get them done. This video was super helpful! I still do not completely understand where you measure. so i think the first number is the length of your foot but what is the second? is it the circumferent over the arch? around? I listened to the description twice but am still unsure. Thanks so much. I am a Cherokee tribal member way up in Oregon and love these videos to keep connected with the tribe and learn.
osiyo chelokee from indian territory, ive been discussing this subject today with others also, ( i really dont watch myself in these videos , but i came across it, i was more interested in answering the questions,) but yes around the arch area . i say ''around " . all feet are different and the moccasins are a custom fit . i used my size in example in the video , but my feet are 10.5 x 10.5 just as ''long'' as they are ''around'' , most natives have this sort of foot. ok, im out of time gotta run to work but i will try to finish up a more detailed analogy of sizing .
sorry it took so long to get back, but this is a stitching technique and a sizing pattern that i developed out of necessity . when finished they will actually look too small. ive got a video somewhere that shows how to put them on that i will share if i can find it. i think it may be on my phone camera....
use the brain from the next deer you get...once you raw hide the hide out its good for awhile , i have rawhide i made 7-8 yes ago that is still in good shape and ready to tan. ive made pelts that i simply cleaned tthe hide of flesh and smeared the brain onto the flesh side of the hide , fold it twice and let it set for a couple of hours to soak up the oils and then started working it .
No one ever replied to you so i will even though its 2 years later. If your going for a heritage style moccasin I would use what your ancestors used. For instance the cherokee used buck skin. Whatever material was readily available
Kodi Sell to start with, go to Hobby Lobby and look for their bags of large pieces of scrap suede. Take your pattern with you and open up one or two to make sure you have suitable sizes of scrap suede in the same color to make two moccasins. It’s commercial tan split cow hide, but you can’t beat $9.99 for several 4 to 5 square ft pieces of suede for experimenting on. The other tools and supplies will be right there also. Practice your technique with the cheap stuff and work your way up to brain tan. Weather you buy brain tan or work it and smoke it yourself like I’ve done the last thing you want to do is mess it up by cutting it too small or doing something wrong when making your moccasins with it. I’ve got several brain tan deer hides that I worked years ago lying around waiting for me to perfect my crafting technique. Meanwhile I keep working with the cheap scraps.
This old method looks like crap but works, dry feet was more important .Boil pine pitch mixed with powdered wood charcoal be careful do this outside . Its a a lot like the way they make Tin Work Pants. You can find that on You Tube or the safer method is to use Black Acrylic Caulk from hardware store..Some did this to a over shoe packed with leaves ,moss etc. Remember also most people feet was much tougher then like third world nations today. Got documentations on how some put up with it .
Plains style mocs are a little different critter..southern plains Comanche, Kiowa, Tonkawa..they are all a 2 peice moc....actually 3 because you have to add a tongue..but you need to know how to hand sew before you even think about starting a pair...and it takes a long time to make your first pair if you are trying it all by yourself...before you try a 2 piece moc...I would consider making the old style Northern plains side seam moss first...they are a 1 piece moc ..still have to sew on a tongue though lol..the smaller the stitches the better..and you can add a welt if you want ,but it's not necessary...if you make Southern plains style 2 piece..depending on how rocky it is you almost HAVE to add a welt...my advice is to make many pairs of Northern sideseams before you try to tackle Southern style
I sent my girlfriend some vids of Noel. She said that he's an older version of me. Well shes known me longer. I say it's like looking into the future isnt it? She says yes it is.
ALOHA/OSYIO...JIM...HOWDY...SEE THE CANOE (OR DUGOUT)... IN THE LINE OF GENEALOGY...A boy wanted to go on war party...His Father said no...your not old or big enough...the boy pleaded with his Father to allow him to go...finally the Father said...If you can drag that canoe into the water you can go...The Boy did...and went on to become a GREAT WARRIOR CHIEF; "DRAGGING CANOE" CHIEF (Wolf Clan I believe)...ALOHA/WADO
I love these videos, and Mr. Grayson obviously has the patience and skills of a teacher, but I would like to add a word of caution to all who would attempt to brain tan a deer hide. Much of our nation's deer population is infected with CWD- Chronic Wasting Disease. It's a disease of the nervous system and is found in the brain and spinal cord of deer and elk. Although there has never been a recorded instance of the disease passing from deer/elk to humans, I believe those studies focused primarily on the consumption of meat from the animals. I'm no expert, but I would think handling the brain would be like playing with a loaded pistol. There are other ways to tan hides. Twenty Mule Team Borax jumps to mind, and unlike salt, it's re-usable. I don't mean to be a wet blanket, but CWD is incurable and 100% fatal in the deer herd. Contact your local Fish and Game Department and see if CWD is present in your area. Enjoy your hunt, enjoy your venison, and like Mr. Grayson said, don't toss out the hide. Make something from it and and have a momento to go with your memories.
good point . that is true nowdays (cwd), im not sure is it was a thing back in the day. but other methods are good to know also yes, i've used alot of others too, but was concentrated on this one because of the overwhelming interest in it, i was always getting questions of "how it was done?!!'' (i usually dont watch these videos of myself,still havent ,but other folks do and seek me out asking questions, so i thought i'd save them the travel and just answer what i could on here ! ) and just fyi i've re-used salt also, i use it to not only dry out the hide but to kill any bacteria thats on it. thanks for watching and bringing up topics !!!
osiyo nigada, this is noel, thanks for tuning in for the class, tonight is the first time ive watched it, well i didnt watch it i just skipped though it to the moccasin making and sizing description to make sure it was comprehensive to the viewing audience and to help myself in presenting it next time, i noticed one thing i forgot to tell during the video is sizing , this pattern is for my feet which are 10.5'' x 10.5 '' if you have different sizes of numbers on your feet say 10x13 you will make up the difference by adding the extra 3'' at the back of the pattern! i hope this didnt confuse you. the stitch in the back is also important to the technique. when done correctly these moccasins will fit like a sock. sorry it took me so long to thank you all, but im not in the habit of watching myself on t.v. wado noel
Wado!
Hi Noel Grayson. My name is Roger blaacker and I recently found out I come from a long line of Cherokee and Blackfoot Indians.. I’ve been trying to reconnect with my ancestors and my culture and watching your videos help me with that.. thx so much.. love the way you teach the old ways with so much passion
Osiyo Nelson...are you familiar with the Grayson family of Long Island NYC? I have records from the 1800's and I'm establishing land patents here. I need all the logical connections I can get. Please inform. Thank you
@@siriusgoddess3760 no, im sorry im not familiar with them.
I went to your workshop you did with the Nation around Austin, TX a few years back and it was really fascinating to learn your method and how you taught. I've been making my own moccasins ever since, I even showed the rest of my family your method.
noel is awesome, i have all the time in the world, for this man, he is a national treasure, his knowledge needs to be saved for posterity and taught in schools. in wales, the english made our won language illegal until the 1950s, less than 10% of wales can even speak our own language. don`t let this happen to the real americans, like it happened to the real british, celtics.
I love watching and learning from Noel. Could you wonderful people do more videos with him teaching?
I love watching you do these. My favorite shoes, I wear them summer and winter. Thank You
I love Nole, I could study this guy for hours and hours on end, his knowledge of First Nations traditions and ways are invaluable.
He is a good teacher. I knew his dad. I met him the first time at a culture camp at Maxwell Park in North Tulsa. He listened to what people had to say about things.
I truly enjoyed watching and learning your techniques. Thank you for sharing your wisdom and ingenuity with us all.😊
I’m so glad I found this channel
I brain tanned a deer hide, & years later, it’s just as soft as it was, when first completed.
I love the the work it takes to make a good fur hide blanket. made 6 for xmas gifts for my friends so far.
I had the honor of getting to meet Mr Grayson about 3 yrs ago at Deligwa ...very knowledgeable, patient and kind man..he gave my family the tour of the village..I want to go back
Thank you for sharing your knowledge Noel. Great video and I loved your jovial attitude.
I'd love for Noel or Richard Fields to do a bowmaking video for Cherokee nation
My great grandfather, part Cherokee, once made my brother a deerskin vest. I once had some moccasins and I loved them. They were so comfortable.
I’m half Cherokee and Blackfoot Indian and I’m reconnecting with my culture so watching Noel helps me honor my heritage and my ancestors
Great, thorough & generous teaching
You are a golden treasure, my dear soul, never parish xxx Old ancient ways shall not be forgotten. If not spirit will revive. xxx
I have been trying to teach myself flint knapping with traditional tools , antler and stone and I recently discovered your videos. I hope and pray that you are doing well and only wish that someday I could spend a day with you sir!!!!! I have learned more from your videos than any reading or other videos I have found!!! Thank you for sharing knowledge of your ancestors with us ♥️
Noel is a Living Legend!
Thank you, Noel.
I am so going to make me a pair of moccasins ,all I have to do now is ask my brother in law for a deer hide .I am so glad to have watched this video. thank you for making it.
So good and will teach my grandchildren thank you for sharing ,wonderful Moccasins 👍👍
Thank you for sharing so much with us, Hopefully I will be able to share the Moccasin's with others. I made a pair for myself today and they are nice and comfortable because they were made specifically for my wide feet lol. Peace
Episodes like this are the best outcome of the internet to me- like a modern Library of Alexandria.
I wanna see Noel Grayson actually make a bow. Great Native hero
Noel is such a wonderful guy. He also triggers my ASMR a lot so I love listening to him.
Nole is a great person i wish i lived close to him id mow his yard and cut his fire wood just to learn from him this man is a wealth of knowledge one of the greatest americans ive ever seen . God bless him and his family .
Thank you Noel!
A wonderful lecture, thank you for sharing.
Think discovery needs to pick up a show with him travelling America through the country meeting other Indian tribes . Record as much history before it’s forgotten. America is steeped in a long history , it didn’t start with European invasion, it wasn’t discovered, it was inhabited by native Indians
anit and they could feed me some traditional dishes !!!!
@@noelgrayson7025 ha ha I’ll be right behind you , I’ll bring my own bowl . A lot of wrongs happened to native Indians and I know some don’t want to communicate outside their tribe , but as their tribe grows smaller through youth moving away then skills and history is being lost . We live in a digital age where things can be recorded so history is not lost forever , I think you’d be great to not be looked so much as an outsder to other tribes to help record their own tribes history . Everyone wins and we get a feast too ha ha . All the best in life my friend , keep doing what you do , your a great teacher
How did I miss this channel?!
SUBSCRIBED
osiyo Noel Grayson. Wado for your kindness in showing us how to make Moccasins. Also how to Flint Nap arrowheads. I recently learned about some Cherokee ancestors while doing my family tree. I am so happy ! I believe, for my Bucket List, I would love to make my own arrowhead and do some bead work. I am 70 now..lol so I best get started ! Wado Noel Grayson, Wado for all you do.
Thanks to everyone involved in this video.
I have river cane here that ranges from arrow shaft size up to around 3 to 4 inches in diameter. I think the cane just keeps growing as long as it isn't cut.
much LOVE ~
That's the first I ever heard of modern hunters tossing hides..... 🤯 I'm not into hunting myself yet (cost prohibitive entrypoint...) but I know people.... If that's true, heck, I'll beg the hides off em. (That's not supposed to sound like a figure of speech, but that'd be a funny one... 🤣)
As a craftsman myself, I've actually skinned seven or eight leather SOFAS🛋️ that other people have discarded by the road for city pick-up services. 😆
First Ive made piles of mokersins . I must have a high foot , after about the first 2 ins it starts shortening up I must go to a regular stitch or it gets to small. Ive undone it 3 times . I like the circle method ,Imight need to oval the pattern to fit me.
After digging out my woodland pattern is over all 1 in wider .Guess all trees in the woods is not the same size...
thank you. I have learned the Cherokee moccasins , I will love to learn more of the ancestral ways, but can"t find nobody in North Carolina that is Cherokee.
This comment is 3 years old but I had to reply to the stupidity of this comment. Our reservation is literally in a place called CHEROKEE, NC
I use switch cane for arrows, it is a smaller cane maybe 4 to 6 feet tall.
I'm 33yo and we have only had deer around us for the last 20 years or so. And I'm from the sticks.
I am so happy for this video. Learning. Wado
Outstanding presentation
Audio starts about 3:15 and fade in to video is about 3:39.
Does it matter what kind of wood you use, like Maple or oak or cherry?
Sad. No captions. They are free just turn on autocaptions. Thanks Wado from Decatur GA Tsalagi Elder Zan
Agree love learning from noel. Anyone know where the cherokee center is? Id love to go see him
Creator meant for us to be one with the Earth. If we were meant to have rubber between the meridian points meant for our good health, & natural grounding , I believe we would be able to forage up pure rubber (goldenrod doesn’t count here) things such as healing crystals, gems, & our natural medicines & foods :)
how do you measure your foot?
Noel, I love your videos, you remind me of some of my cousins most of them Choctaw/Cherokee back several generations though.... Doesn't even show in my DNA but does in my kids.... I find that strange... Anyways, as I recall the bottoms of the moccasins were usually made from neck skin because it was thicker and tougher.... I tried to make some as s a kid, but couldn't get the hang of it...
I hope Nole checks back on this every so often. I have a pair of half finished moccasin's and would love to finish them. The stitching was my problem (10 years ago!). I am going to pull them out again and see if I can get them done. This video was super helpful! I still do not completely understand where you measure. so i think the first number is the length of your foot but what is the second? is it the circumferent over the arch? around? I listened to the description twice but am still unsure.
Thanks so much. I am a Cherokee tribal member way up in Oregon and love these videos to keep connected with the tribe and learn.
osiyo chelokee from indian territory, ive been discussing this subject today with others also, ( i really dont watch myself in these videos , but i came across it, i was more interested in answering the questions,) but yes around the arch area . i say ''around " . all feet are different and the moccasins are a custom fit . i used my size in example in the video , but my feet are 10.5 x 10.5 just as ''long'' as they are ''around'' , most natives have this sort of foot. ok, im out of time gotta run to work but i will try to finish up a more detailed analogy of sizing .
sorry it took so long to get back, but this is a stitching technique and a sizing pattern that i developed out of necessity . when finished they will actually look too small. ive got a video somewhere that shows how to put them on that i will share if i can find it. i think it may be on my phone camera....
The problem with brain tan is CWD. Not so safe anymore.
The tribe noel was trying to remember is the Osage people.
I had a pair of Moccasins that I bought in Texas or Oklahoma, but I lost them when I lost my home in a flood 😢
Wonderful class! One question- if you allow the hide to dry to rawhide, how do you preserve the brain to be able to brain tan the hide later?
mkmkniskern you would use the lye method at that point I would think
Freeze the brain. The old days the brain would have been mashed, mixed with grass then dried to preserve it for later
use the brain from the next deer you get...once you raw hide the hide out its good for awhile , i have rawhide i made 7-8 yes ago that is still in good shape and ready to tan. ive made pelts that i simply cleaned tthe hide of flesh and smeared the brain onto the flesh side of the hide , fold it twice and let it set for a couple of hours to soak up the oils and then started working it .
where u go to be in classes like this with Noel Grayson?
Does the leather have the smooth and rough sides...or is it suede?
He said commercial double suede for demonstration
RAW-- Aw man, we remember! Truck and kidnapped, me! But taught me, it was, Oregon Southern!
But was, San Diego, Ca.,...
Exellent Video
what would best leather be for fairly cheap but that I could get good lasting moccasins out of I can add rubber sole
No one ever replied to you so i will even though its 2 years later. If your going for a heritage style moccasin I would use what your ancestors used. For instance the cherokee used buck skin. Whatever material was readily available
Kodi Sell to start with, go to Hobby Lobby and look for their bags of large pieces of scrap suede. Take your pattern with you and open up one or two to make sure you have suitable sizes of scrap suede in the same color to make two moccasins. It’s commercial tan split cow hide, but you can’t beat $9.99 for several 4 to 5 square ft pieces of suede for experimenting on. The other tools and supplies will be right there also. Practice your technique with the cheap stuff and work your way up to brain tan. Weather you buy brain tan or work it and smoke it yourself like I’ve done the last thing you want to do is mess it up by cutting it too small or doing something wrong when making your moccasins with it. I’ve got several brain tan deer hides that I worked years ago lying around waiting for me to perfect my crafting technique. Meanwhile I keep working with the cheap scraps.
You did not show the traditional water proofing. Is there one?
This old method looks like crap but works, dry feet was more important .Boil pine pitch mixed with powdered wood charcoal be careful do this outside . Its a a lot like the way they make Tin Work Pants. You can find that on You Tube or the safer method is to use Black Acrylic Caulk from hardware store..Some did this to a over shoe packed with leaves ,moss etc. Remember also most people feet was much tougher then like third world nations today. Got documentations on how some put up with it .
oh damn, cherokee style....I want to know how to make Comanche style
Plains style mocs are a little different critter..southern plains Comanche, Kiowa, Tonkawa..they are all a 2 peice moc....actually 3 because you have to add a tongue..but you need to know how to hand sew before you even think about starting a pair...and it takes a long time to make your first pair if you are trying it all by yourself...before you try a 2 piece moc...I would consider making the old style Northern plains side seam moss first...they are a 1 piece moc ..still have to sew on a tongue though lol..the smaller the stitches the better..and you can add a welt if you want ,but it's not necessary...if you make Southern plains style 2 piece..depending on how rocky it is you almost HAVE to add a welt...my advice is to make many pairs of Northern sideseams before you try to tackle Southern style
I've tried to watch & learn but, there's no sound 🔊
I sent my girlfriend some vids of Noel. She said that he's an older version of me. Well shes known me longer. I say it's like looking into the future isnt it? She says yes it is.
Cardinal points a side ✌️
ALOHA/OSYIO...JIM...HOWDY...SEE THE CANOE (OR DUGOUT)... IN THE LINE OF GENEALOGY...A boy wanted to go on war party...His Father said no...your not old or big enough...the boy pleaded with his Father to allow him to go...finally the Father said...If you can drag that canoe into the water you can go...The Boy did...and went on to become a GREAT WARRIOR CHIEF; "DRAGGING CANOE" CHIEF (Wolf Clan I believe)...ALOHA/WADO
the text is missing thanks
I'm sick of buying slippers every winter. Many Thanks.
I love these videos, and Mr. Grayson obviously has the patience and skills of a teacher, but I would like to add a word of caution to all who would attempt to brain tan a deer hide. Much of our nation's deer population is infected with CWD- Chronic Wasting Disease. It's a disease of the nervous system and is found in the brain and spinal cord of deer and elk. Although there has never been a recorded instance of the disease passing from deer/elk to humans, I believe those studies focused primarily on the consumption of meat from the animals. I'm no expert, but I would think handling the brain would be like playing with a loaded pistol. There are other ways to tan hides. Twenty Mule Team Borax jumps to mind, and unlike salt, it's re-usable. I don't mean to be a wet blanket, but CWD is incurable and 100% fatal in the deer herd. Contact your local Fish and Game Department and see if CWD is present in your area. Enjoy your hunt, enjoy your venison, and like Mr. Grayson said, don't toss out the hide. Make something from it and and have a momento to go with your memories.
good point . that is true nowdays (cwd), im not sure is it was a thing back in the day. but other methods are good to know also yes, i've used alot of others too, but was concentrated on this one because of the overwhelming interest in it, i was always getting questions of "how it was done?!!'' (i usually dont watch these videos of myself,still havent ,but other folks do and seek me out asking questions, so i thought i'd save them the travel and just answer what i could on here ! ) and just fyi i've re-used salt also, i use it to not only dry out the hide but to kill any bacteria thats on it. thanks for watching and bringing up topics !!!
@@noelgrayson7025 Awesome. Thanks for the reply and for sharing your knowledge.
I know Pare Bowlegs I’m good friends with his oldest son
A nail will work of you lack an awl.
I use upholstery T pins to poke thru, I'm always loose them, so since they come in a pack it's really helpful..
Sorry. Can't hear a sound. Later.
Iv Wonder how did they make their moccasins in teepees waterproof