Tengrism: Creation Stories, Mythos, Deities, Ethics, Comparative Religion
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- čas přidán 21. 08. 2023
- This is Spiritual Studies session 68.
This session, much like those of the past, is dedicated toward familiarizing an outsider with the nuances of Tengrism, historically and religiously.
Sources:
www.britannica.com/topic/Orho...
www.ancient-origins.net/myths...
www.newworldencyclopedia.org/...
travelnhistory.com/legends/mo...
www.newworldencyclopedia.org/...
www.newworldencyclopedia.org/...
www.wikiwand.com/en/Tengrism#...
slife.org/tengrism/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of...
Photos:
sacred-texts.com/earth/boe/im...
3.bp.blogspot.com/_3W_fgS5itQQ...
anthrowiki.at/images/thumb/0/...
www.runiform.lingfil.uu.se/w/...
![Eminem - Houdini [Official Music Video]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/22tVWwmTie8/mqdefault.jpg)
It's nice to see that more people are dealing with Tengrism and its history. It was a long session but fun to listen to you. Keep it up!
Did you know that many, many scholars and persons with degrees are online right now talking about Christianity? They found why the texts were all doctored, where it is written, and who did it. Also, the reason why it works is there are voice to skull and other weapons of kinetics which grant religion. Also, people are quitting in bunches finding out Jesus was of the giants and he was into reincarnation, so since the texts are faked, they feel Jesus was faked and Pontius Pilate was crucified, and that has been the rumor for ages. Also, it is another trick of the earliest Jews which are who might operate all wars. It is a vast amount of countries always the same ones doing wars, and are the reason why war remains alongside the endless others now who have entered in to cause war for money and banking regain of lost territory since it is virtual. Look at the many videos, and churches are not complaining, but not gaining. The news media put out lies out that churches are growing.
Hey Y'all. I'm uploading this session raw, no cuts of pauses of speech or the taking out of verbal ticks.
I also am returning here to comment that I would definitely be interested in a topic on the archetype of the sacred clown.
Intrresting how sex magic happened to be session number 69! 😘
I am so excited to listen to this! You make such beautiful work. Hope you are well. Thank you so much.
Just a correction for Tengri : The oldest form of the name is recorded in Chinese annals from the 4th century BC, describing the beliefs of the Xiongnu. It takes the form 撑犁/Cheng-li, which is hypothesized to be a Chinese transcription of Tängri. (The Proto-Turkic form of the word has been reconstructed as *Teŋri or *Taŋrɨ.) Alternatively, a reconstructed Altaic etymology from *T`aŋgiri ("oath" or "god") would emphasize the god's divinity rather than his domain over the sky. It is generally assumed the term tengri originally meant "sky".
Oldest form is seen in Sumerian tablets. Dingir/Digir > Supreme God/Sky. Considering over hundreds of Sumerian gods, Dingir/Digir has the exact same meaning with Turkic Tengri/Tigir and phonetically sounds really close.
@@astrodas1910 this is sadly not considered a reliable etymology and is labeled by etymologists as Trukic nationalism, due to the movements desire to establish Turks as the inheritors of Sumeria, the first massive civilization in the world.
Many scholars claim There is very little linking Tengriism and Sumerian religion.
The Xiongnu is indeed the oldest written record mentioning Tengri that folks can agree upon.
@@kaiklose6172
Dingir/Digir > Ultimate God/Sky
Tengri/Tigir > Ultimate God/Sky
simply happened by chance? This doesn't mean Turks are inheritors of Sumer or Tengrism and Sumerian religion were similar. But means two cultures were in contact. And Dingir isn't the only turkic word in sumerian, there are ~200 most phonetically closer. One thing is certain that, there were trade routes through central asia to sumer since lapis lazuli was used by sumer. It's only mined in siberia/central asia. This timeline predates the indo-european migrations so central asia/siberia were inhabited by natives which proto-Turks/proto-Mongols were part of.
The link surely needs more investigation, but it's dull to simply neglect it with argument "noo Turkic nationalism".
Is Tengrism related to the Mapuche religion (indigenous people of Chile and Argentina) ??
Hey man I just wanted to say thank you for all of your videos! My name is Kristos and I've learned more from you than anyone else I've encountered in my life so far about waht my name means, alchemy, and the root of all the stories ever told! I am forever grateful I've found your channel!
I love that people are doing this right as I start worldbuilding with Tengrism
Tengrism; It is definitely monotheism. This fact is clearly seen in the Gokturk/Orkhon Inscriptions.
There is also a text saying "Tengri is one, no one should pray to anyone other than Tengri." Among the Turks and Mongols, the Khans/Hakans received power only from Tengri, whom they called KUT and saw him as the sole creator. However, in Turkish culture, this text has changed and additions have been made. Mythological beings in shamanism are derived from Tengri. It has now become a tradition among us Turks; Pouring water after setting off, tying ribbons on trees, wearing evil eye beads, visiting graves, etc., not showing the newborn child for 40 days, and mourning for the deceased for 40 days are traditions originating from the Tengri belief.
Tengri belief is now spreading rapidly in the Republic of Türkiye and has become incredibly influential in the generation Y-Z, which may reach 15-20 million in the next 20 years. Turks are abandoning the Middle Eastern religion of Islam, which was created by Arabs who viewed the world only from Palestine, Jerusalem and Mecca, and which contained incredible contradictions. Very interestingly, the number of Deists in Türkiye has approached 15 million and most of them are the children and grandchildren of Political Islamists.
Note: I think that the salvation of the world will be found in the belief in a single god, Tengri, instead of the humanized god (Jesus) who is in close contact
with people and has no prophet/intermediary. I am also a Turk who has adopted the Tengri belief.
As a mongolian Tengriist, this is accurate, but for us there is more to it. Tengriism is both monotheistic as well as polytheistic, similar to the platonist idea of God. Tengri is the eternal blue sky, the embodiment of all spirit, from whom all spirit comes. Mother earth, Umai (she has many names) supplies the physical body of all things. They work closely together.
But there are other gods that come from Tengri. These other gods come from Tengri, yes, but they are individual beings as well, the same way we come from our parents, but are individual beings.
Just like in Norse cosmology, all love comes from ymir, and ymir is the sky and earth and rain, all these other things have their own gods.
So while there is Tengri, and all gods come from him, and all beings do, there are other spirits and God's as well, theyre just smaller than the eternal blue sky and great mother earth.
@@kaiklose6172 Greeetings to a Mongolian Tengrist from a Turkish Tengrist. Our versions corresponds but have differences. Tengrism is spiritual pantheism at its core. Tengri is the universe with all the dimensions and every being has an essence of Tengri. Although everything is created by Tengri and it has consciousness/purpose, it's not a god simply sits on the sky like Zeus and creates other things. As everything is part of Tengri, we're also part of Tengri and must work the preserve the balance (respect of nature) and live in harmony/be human (to me it means keep moving and evolving). This is the way for our spirits to fly return to Tengri in peace on death. At least this is the version I believe in as I've already believed in it before researching Tengri and saw that it's described as exactly how I view the universe/creation.
While core of the Tengri belief is similar (that it's embodiemnt of all spirits and is an animist/naturist belief aiming to preserve the balance) there seems to be different versions, some believing in Umay, Erlik etc. while others may not. And both make sense for Tengri as we're an example of a consciousness thinking spirit, there may be others in other dimensions spiritually stronger than us. I believe earth has a spirit/consciousness but not in the sense of human like. It evolves over time as the beings inside it like humans evolve. In this dimension, we're (all the beings from galaxy,sun,earth to little particles) all moving to a direction part of Tengri. I believe in other dimensions and that our spirit flies to sky above, but can't tell whether I'd still have consciousness or become one with Tengri. Either way my path is the path of Tengri :)
I find it normal that there are versions considering it's one of the oldest belief and even relatively new religions with books have many differences like wether Jesus being a god, son of god, prophet or all. Best would be to learn from a Kam/Shaman as there is a limit what we can learn through web. Tengri biz menen!
@@astrodas1910
I'm aware that Tengrism can differ vastly, largely due to tribal differences, the destruction due to imperialism, communism and conversions. Mongol and various siberian traditions have had the luxury of having a continued practice, while a lot of Turkic things are being revived from now secular traditions.
As a result we may be very different, though I still think returning turks could learn a lot by engaging with their Mongol and siberian elders, since there are some aspects that are well beyond academic papers, and things only told in confidence.
I know my knowleged greatly increased once I started to study with My shaman teacher. Especially for reconnecting Turks, this would be beyond helpful.
I advise people to seek out Shaman from a continued lineage who is willing to teach, or if they are not called to shamanism, learn from someone who has.
There is of course no "wrong way" as all expressions are "fingers on the hand of Tengri". Tengrism has many expressions, and isn't monotheistic or polytheistic in itself, rather the followers are. I think Zoroastrianism is the closest example to Tengrism with and over god and many other gods worthy of being worshipped, but not mandatory.
Blessings of the Eternal Blue sky upon you and your family.
Awesome work really enjoyed ur study sessions ❤thx
This is exciting. Thanks.
Glad that you out here
This is hot 🔥 🔥 🔥
So many things I could say...
- Having 70 or plus deities I think it qualifies tengrism as a religion. But a religion has a philosophy behind it, metaphysics, mysticism, mystical experiences. So what is shamanism? Even yesterday I was watching the Naga puja at Sadhguru's Isha Foundation, and a specialized group conducted the mandala consecration, where one took the role of a Naga, inviting the Naga into him, and another the role of the charmer, and this in the context of hinduism. So what is shamanism and how is it distinct from religion? At first glance it seems that organized religions have sacref texts, whereas shamanic cultures don't, but as in the example I just gave, hinduism has sacred texts AND shamanic practices, so which one is it? Both? If it's both, by my definition it becomes neither actually, so what is hinduism? Our understanding of belief systems and practices need to be broader than they are right now, or we'll fall into false beliefs and preconceived, limited ideas about it. I know that academics will come up with lots of distinctions, but they thrive on particulars, definitions, boxing things up, and can't go beyond or see a bigger, more inclusive picture, so I have to dismiss them.
- the three worlds, Underworld, Middle and upper, or past, present and future. Past, like the karmic and ahashic records, isn't necessarily beneath the earth. If you depict them in a circle, we're in the Middle, then we'll go to the upper, then descend to the Underworld, and return here to the Middle again. This is the cycle of reincarnations, Samsara.
- there is an obvious shamanistic continuum from Siberia to Mongolia to Tibet and Nepal/bhutan as can be seen by the shaman's clothes, use of drums, spirit invocation/possession. Don't know if this is due to the expansion of Gengis Khan Empire (the epic of King Gesar is chanted both in siberia, Mongolia and Tibet), or migrations. Maybe a bit of both.
If you want a brainier look at Tengri than most of youtube has to offer, search for Mircea Eiliade and Tengri. Professor. He has some books that used to be in libraries, maybe you could find one. He wrote one book on Shamanism, I have that. It has quite a bit on Tengri as it was in his time, and before. The modern stuff is backed by world governments who mostly are up to no good. Monotheism with an invisible father god only seems to me a warning sign they are molding Tengri to fit some other religious belief.
Let’s share this video to everyone. Somebody in the world must watch it.
good job!
Love your stuff, do you have a Spotify by any chance? It would be easier to listen at work
I don't but that's a great idea. Wrestling with the idea of Patreon as of recent too. Very well could be the course will become much more legitimized in the near future.
I LOVE your work and channel and it has inspired me to pursue a career in becoming a history professor specializing in ancient and medieval europe. I was baptized Russian Orthodox on my mothers side and my father is Roman Catholic, however, I am atheist and after doing extensive study into ancient cultures, ancient religions, and cause and effects throughout history I have come to the realization that history does not repeat itself but it sure as hell does rhyme. I wanted to ask where do you get your information from on these different world religions throughout human history? Do you do your own research based on what the mainstream says and then gather all important and well known information then make it into one video or do you have a single source which displays this knowledge? Also how did you begin your channel and study into different world religions?
I feel like these lectures could be "Continuing Education" courses.
@@visionfrontier I concur😌
Ah thats exactly opposite what you should do.
@@elliottjames671 why so?
@@elliottjames671 And what is exactly the opposite of what I should do?
@cgdahlin Thank you so much for taking us all on this beautiful journey with your beautiful mind! I just wanted to add that @ the 36:30 ish to 37 ish mark in this video that I was weaving that into your Spirituality of the word video and was going to say that the Mother(Earth & Women) needs the in(spir-breath of life)ation of the Father to be able to create/manifest!
The World Tree was associated with Odin's horse, the etymology of Yggdrasil has the meaning of ''Tree of the Horse of Odin'' from Yggr, meaning Odin, and drasill meaning horse. And the World Tree is symbolize a cosmic tree, uniting three spheres: underworld, terrestrial and celestial.
I think I just left a comment about this image on an older video of yours I just watched, about the midheaven star realigning after 9 months, or 6,606 hours, the time at each end of the alignment is off by 7 hours. Using Alula, one of 3 sets of twin stars creating the paws of Ursa Major, which was known as the 3 leaps of the gazella, and the 7 main stars of Ursa is associated with the 7 Rishi Wise Sages.
You should make more slides with pictures.
would like to learn more about this topic
It recently occurred to me that one of the aspects of mythology which I have not yet managed to interpret, in the context of instructions to the worshiper leading to gnosis of soul nature/Buddha nature, is the god that fights the serpent.
It is a universal trope, so talking old religion. Ra fighting Apip, and Apollo fighting Python are examples of sun gods ("heralds" or "shepherd" of the soul, which is "light"), but Jupiter fighting Python and Thor fighting Jormungandr are examples of sky gods/gods of thunder.
To me it seems clear that the inner teaching is not about the nature of the god, but in the nature of his battle with the serpent.
Would you consider doing an episode on the divine dual?
Even the bible has God's word vs the serpent on the tree's word, or God vs Leviathon. As with Dionysius and Jupiter, the story often enters a culture twice, showing how fundamental it was to truly ancient religious thought.
I'm trying to reconnect to my Indigenous beliefs (Turkic Siberians) and while it's been slow, it's been worth it.
Btw I find it interesting that although some Eastern European countries did practice it, it was a very long time ago. Tengrism still stands in parts of the mythologies but as an actual religion its not really present. Now it's pretty much only in Asia (mostly Siberia and Mongolia)
Around the 12 minute mark you mention how water is used in stories to represent a passage of time or the progression of time did you mean that specifically for stories in regards to this religion or stories in general in regards to a lot of old beliefs and religion. If so could you give me other examples of religions and specific stories?
Ancient cosmogonies/stories in general. Funny enough, the next session will just be in water, the whole front end of the session dedicated to this primordial “cosmic ocean” trope.
With immediacy, I think of “the face that shown on the waters of the deep” in the Christian genesis. In Sumerian and Babylon it was the abzu and subsequently Nummu/Tiamat. I’m Egypt it was the Nun.
These are the classic examples but in truth there’s a whole host of likened examples in folk traditions the world across. The waters at the beginning of time is easily one of the most ubiquitous tropes in comparative mythology.
@@cgdahlin give me a list of the proper search words I will happily take a dive into all of them to do my own research. Sometimes it's just a matter of getting my feet wet trying to find the right wording. :)
There are 7 orifices within the 22 bone skull, as 22\7=3.14 called Pi. 8 cranial, 14 facial, the one that joins them is shaped like a butterfly, upon it's great wings are twin pyramidal bones, the twin cups that holds each eye is created from 7 bones each, the butterfly shaped Sphenoid bone is the 7th bone of each cup, the pyramidal Petrous bones is the location on the side of your head that your eyes first formed before rolling to the front of your face, the Petrous bone is where they find 100 times more DNA than any other bone in the body, your father bone, Petro means father, from Peter, derived directly from Greek Πέτρος, Petros, masculine form of Greek petra, the word for "rock" or "stone", Petrous means "stone like". Behind the bridge of your nose, the butterfly shaped Sphenoid bone creates a saddle that cups the Pituitary gland, known as the Master Gland
This 22 bone skull sitting on a 7 bone neck, has within it a 3 layer brain with 7 sections, and 52 regions, supplied by 12 cranial nerves, that began in the center of your brain, where you find 4 ventricles, from the side, they form the Eye of Horus symbol, ventricles 1 & 2 the Eye Brows, are filled with large glands that create cerebrospinal fluid that is forced into the eye shaped 3rd ventricle, flowing into the 4th that drains into the spine.
I do believe we have 3 months in each of the 4 seasons, 7 days in a week, 52 weeks in a 12 month year, and in the center of the 3rd ventricle, a tiny spinning galaxy created from microscopic bubbles caught in the vortex created by the force of cerebrospinal fluid coming from the first a second ventricles, forming just above the pineal gland.
I have a video showing an image of it on my channel.
0:53 A small remark. The longest epic in the word is Kyrgyz epic “Manas”:) Btw Kyrgyz are Turkic and were Tengrians in the past.
As someone very into Mesopotamian spirituality, the way of the Tengriist makes sense, and is the father to Mesopotamia. Perhaps grand father, Elam being father. Tengriism flows well with both Mesopotamia and Elam, in my view
ACCORDING to the Sumerian conception the earth as a WORLD EDIFICE consisted of THREE PARTS : (1) The heavenly ocean or AN. (2) The terrestrial ocean or KI. (3) LIL, which stands between the AN and Ki. These three parts were assigned to the first triad or rah\ of the Sumerian pantheon, i. e., to Anu, Ea, Bel. To these as such be longs the WORLD EDIFICE. As there existed a heavenly and a terrestrial ocean, so the 'LIL was considered also under a double aspect : (a) As a heavenly AN = shamu (shamaim) or " heaven." ( b) As a terrestrial KI = irtsitu,(arets) or "earth." The former keeps back the heavenly and the latter the terrestrial ocean. This latter consideration gives us the so-called TWOFOLD division of the earth as WORLD-EDIFICE. According to this it consisted : (1) Of the upper world, which is AN-ta = elish, i. e., above: the heavenly world ; (2) Of the lower world, which is Kl-ta = shaplish, i.e., below: the terrestrial world.
The heavenly firmament appears in and is of the form of a "half-circle" or better "plate"-and as the heavenly is only the reflex of the terrestrial, this latter was considered to be the other half of the circle as a whole, i. e., of the firmament. And if the firmament be round then the heavenly and terrestrial ocean must have the same shape. The world-edifice is inhabited. The inhabitants which dwell either in or within the firmament are ZU, UD, Innanna, Nin-Girsu. Thus they had to become necessarily his, i. e., LIL's children. LIL thus becomes not only the LUGAL or "king," but also the AB BA or "father" of the gods. ZU, UD, Innanna are the moon, sun, morning or evening-star.
From THE COSMOLOGY OF THE SUMERIANS by Hugo Radau (1902)
You used Akana for time but in Sanskrit kala means Time, both sound somewhat the same, Shiva is known as the Mahakala.
The direct means of Akana is ''white mother''. Ak is white and ana means mother in Turkish. Akana is the sea/water goddess and water is used here metaphorically to mean time.
😎
During the battle between Horus and Set, Isis attempted to spear Set, missed and got Horus, in raged, Horus cut off Isis's head, Thoth replaced it with a Cow Head
Online information about Tengrism is a mess. You would ask, what is Tengrism? Turkic and Mongolic native religions, but which era? Which culture? Modern Altai and Yakut religions are different to each other, and are different to the beliefs of the original Turks (Gokturks) of the Orkhon. The religion of the Orkhon Turks was really just nature worship, centred around Tengri (Sky) and Yer (Earth) and the ancestors, among other things. Their religion was most likely not anthropomorphic due to their nomadic culture and worldview.
"Bright blue sky". You would think if they had a blue sky god, they would also have a gray sky god, a night sky god, etc.
Tengri is not a sky god, but is the sky itself, the eternal blue sky. It is not an anthropomorphic sky god like Zeus. Hence Tengri is also called Kök Tengri (literally Blue Sky).
@@Kul-tegin I have looked into this and I don't think it is true. What you said is a modern day interpretation, "spirituality without religion, without a god." CIA BS, in other words.
Where have I said that Tengri isn't a god? Nomads have different understandings of deity to sedentary peoples. Sky is GOD to them, the sky is a conscious and eternal being, they don't view the sky like you may view the sky. Just look into the Orkhon and other Turk inscriptions. Earth (Yer) is likewise worshipped as a mother goddess, the bountiful green earth itself, not some goddess in the sky somewhere.@@hermanhale9258
Tengri does not mean "blue sky". Originally kök-tengri or gök-tengri means "blue-sky" in Old Turkish, is the same meaning in Mongolian. Gök-yüzü means "sky" in today's Türkiye Turkish. Accordingly, gök-yüzü literally means "blue-surface" meaning "blue-sky". It is obvious that "tengri" or "tanrı" thereafter gained the meaning of god. Afterwards, "gök-tengri" or "gök-tanrı" has thereby taken the meaning of "sky-god".
Source: Prof. Celal Şengör
The center of our galaxy is found in Sagittarius, half man half half horse, I say Donkey, let's call it the east, and the west would be the Twins Gemini, 90 degrees north of them is the Earth goddess Virgo, both a mother and a virgin. south are the two fish of Pisces, a cross of duality.
Up above the pyramidal top of Ophiuchus is the Northern Cross, known as Cygnus the Swan, next to the Lyra and the Harp Star Vega, our old pole star (North Star) from 12,000 years ago.
97 percent of birds do not have a penis, the swan is one of the 3 percenters, lake fowl are known to have the largest penis in the world, compared to body sizes, which is why Delphinus the Dolphin is next to the Cygnus, the dolphin is associated with the womb, and Delphius is associated with the 9 Muses or nine months of pregnancy.
“In continuation of the Greek story of Arion (probably Cygnus, who was rescued by a dolphin) the dolphins, lovers of music, were attracted to Arion‘s singing and playing on the lyre] and his Lyre (Lyra) appears Greek Mousikon zodion, the Musicum signum of the Latins (as titles for Delphinus); or this may come from the fact mentioned in Ovid’s Fasti that the constellation was supposed to contain nine stars, the number of the Muses …” [Allen, Star Names]
Peace brother, do you have any references or book titles you can refer me to based on your comments on this upload. Very interesting 🤔
@@ikechukwumlionelel9364 "Constellation of Words" website is very good place to start, many mythological stories associated with the stars can be found there. I don't really read books, I read articles and such, maybe a few pages from a book, but in whole, I can't remember the last time I read one cover to cover. I use my dog senses, and gut feelings, leads me to new things everyday. You know what the Latin word for "Dog " is, Canibus. Ha Ha Ha
Take 3 sevens (777), join them together, long end to short, they create a 60 degree triangle, 3x60=3 hours, 3x7=21 hours, the 60 degree triangle equals 24 hours, 7 hours to sleep, 7 hours to work, and 7 hours to play, at the end of 7 is 60, what to do, what to do, maybe try 60x7=420, Ha Ha Ha the Dogon tribe knows that cycle, they wait for Sirius the Dog Star to show up between to mountain peaks every 60 years, then they celebrate for 7 years, going village to village getting Stoned.
If you play the words "He Knows Dope" in reverse, it echoes "420", if you play Seven in reverse, it echoes "Novus", Latin meaning "New", play "Novus Universe" in reverse "77", the gematria value for Christ, the son of Mari, "Gift from God" the meaning of Juana. But in Hebrew, 77 is the value of Oz, the wizard behind the Green Curtain pulling all the strings
Hee-Haw Hee-Haw 420, gives me my Dog Senses,
In arabic, shitá (شتاء) is winter, (inverno), similar to shaitan.
The 99 deities that are extensions of Tengry and the 99 attributes of Allah
Tengrism is the origin perhaps of European paganism.
Bonjour
Le dessin représente un homme a la tombée de la nuit il voit la lune et les étoiles , a gauche il voit des animaux des oiseaux un arbre et la colline , a gauche un groupe de chasseur et des animaux .
Leur croyances viennent de ce qu,ils ont vue de la nature et qu,ils ne comprenait pas , de leur ignorence et de la peur la terreur face a des phénomène naturel , les orages le tonnerre la foudre le feu leur croyance et née de leur imagination d un Dieu qui pourtant n existe pas ce sont ces croyances qu ils ont créé eux même qui ont amener au religions .
Tengerism is basically Mongolians
Insultingly, horribly, sickeningly too many ads.
Really? Interesting. This channel isn't monetized, so YT must be really raking it in.
@@cgdahlin Yeah, and I only made it 22 minutes into the video. I have an adblocker on my other laptop. Usually watch CZcams on that.
Advertising at the 2 minute mark and then at 8 minute mark? FAIL. Can't listen to the sound of your cash grab
This channel is not monetized. The whole course has been made as a passion project. YT puts ads where ever they please without the consent of the creators.
OK, that isurprising@@cgdahlin . Not many channels have this many ads so soon into viewing. I will try listening again because it seems interesting
The salutatory gesture of hand-raising (in Sumerian, šu-il₂-la(₂)) became so characteristic of supplication that the Mesopotamians named an entire genre of prayer after it, the shuila-prayer.
use more grafics