Hawking radiation
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- čas přidán 12. 05. 2024
- Do black holes radiate? How is the "temperature" of a black hole defined? What paradoxes does Hawking radiation bring to light? All these answers in 16 minutes!
0:00 - Introduction
1:39 - Relativity of the vacuum
7:22 - Hawking radiation
11:58 - Conclusion
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Alessandro Roussel,
For more info: www.alessandroroussel.com/en
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To learn more :
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking... - Věda a technologie
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A precision about what happens at 7:05 : the particles observed far away are the same as those created near the horizon. Far away, no particles are created since both observers are in free fall. But still they receive the particles created near the horizons that escape the black hole's pull
9:50 why is the curvature at the horizon of large black wholes mild compared to smaller ones? Isn't the definition of the event horizon a curvature? Like here light cant escape anymore because a curvature has been reached? Shouldnt all black holes have the same curvature at their event horizon? What am I missing?
Okay.., so you mean, To make free-fall-observer see vacuum near event horizon, black hole needs to emit "real" particle with positive energy. Am I correct?
@@TheBlueLawliet Curvature yes but the term you are describing as mild are the change in the curvature with distance i.e. the derivative of the curvature with respect to the distance from the black hole or any other object
Just found this channel and now I'm addicted! Subbed and sharing :)
Wondering if there's a seamless version of this animation you made?: czcams.com/video/wrwgIjBUYVc/video.html
Also curious if you've tried doing any similar using levels of black&white or color gradients to help visualize levels of gravity?
Thanks again!
The formula at about 14mins seems to be my equation i used to solve to show gravity is an integral of time,, not the derivative of space like ScienceClic English said for A New Way To Visualize General Relativity,, and time like my precalc or calc teacher said is an integral and i mighta added or he said of space, but the derivative, the opposite of an integral, of what gravity is is a construct of time, since u can get a 1st derivative of what makes gravity or what it is, force, and force is mass x acceleration and acceleration is distance per time squared. So the 1st derivative of gravity, with respect to time, is -2mass x distance per time cubed, and i just had gravity's 1st derivative is spacetime w mass there, and ill get to the 2nd derivative, but if u solve for time from the 1st derivative of gravity w respect to time, and gravity is not just gravity turned into mass or gravity and space and time,, distance n time cubed is shown to be spacetime, but gravity per quantum mechanics as the reality of space or spatial quantum mechanics,, which this vid says isnt like known but kinda was used to theorize Hawking Radiation,, and then w that all as what the 1st derivative of gravity is equal to is solved to show what time or T equals, then u shud get that formula, but ScienceClic has said gravity dimension, what i thought is time of time n time is thought as a dimension so another d that i came up w in september 2017 n commented on a new way to visualize general relativity by ScienceClic, and i also had thought i shud think of other things one might think is gravity like the derivative of time whichd be space so i thought maybe it cud be thought the derivative of space, but i just educated thought it shud be an integral, which is what they say as far as they knew no one had made such a theory, but i had, and i had emailed Sean Carrol about such March 9th 2019, and SciClic said they called it a temporal dimension. But back to the 2nd derivative of gravity w respect to time, it is a 4d time x mass and distance x 6 which shows 6 sides like a cube or 3ds each w 2 sides, prob positive and negative, but it describes space but as a point particle and as a whole 4d spacetime where 3d space is made of each dimension as a time like thing. A dimension w distance. But distance is multiply thru and is probably related to c, lightspeed.
I like how he has pauses sometimes so we can think a bit about what we just heard
Thats your issue, you don't think..
@@uppercut2246 ?
@@uppercut2246 NOPE
@@uppercut2246 bro wtf
@@uppercut2246 The condescension is strong with this one!
This channel is so freaking underrated
Hell yea
Indeed it is, I’m very happy that I found this channel. He describes very efficiently and illustrates things in an easy way to understand. He also puts a lot of effort into his videos such as the animations and stuff. I don't really know how he can have so few subscriptions and views in comparison with the quality of his videos. He definitely deserves more.
This channel is incredible
I found this channel when it has around 10k subs and I was like what, where peepol
True
I gotta say your voice is lovely, and the background music is so fitting. It's an absolute joy to listen to you explain physics concepts in a simple, elegant way that doesn't condescend.
Thanks! The voice is actually from Octave a friend who accepted to narrate the videos, I think he does a great job, glad you think so too!
@@2piee I think because he said that in a black hole the laws of space and time are reversed so if a negative particle wants to live because they must be vanished so they enter the black hole to live and thus a black hole loses energy and it's mass
@@2piee to add onto what Sangeeta said, negative and positive virtual particles normally destroy eachother. Real particles must have a positive energy to exist, but in a black hole the opposite is true.
The negative particle and the positive particle both want to exist, so the negative particle escapes to the black hole which then allows the positive particle to escape away from the black hole, and as those negative particles are absorbed by the black hole it gets negative energy, therefore it shrinks... Or something
@@ferretappreciator So both particles want to live, and the negative particle can be real if it goes in the black hole and the positive particle can be real if it escape the black hole's pull. So if the negative particle falls in and the positive particles escapes, it's a win-win and both particles become real, while the negative particle falling into the black hole makes the black hole shrink.
I know right, he is the Morgan Freeman of scientific explanations. This plus the background music has something so stimulating to it I think
Can we please take moment to applaud the visual side of these videos 👏🏻 they are so smooth and poetic, they flow along in a way that is so hypnotic it embeds the ideas discussed so well.
Never ever change the way you make your videos!
You explain everything perfectly, now I finally understand things that I didn’t understand before. Thank you!
How the f***! Is that you Ari !
@@tanweerriyadh3785 Nope, sorry to disappoint you. I should’ve change my YT name a while ago but I’m so lazyy
(Also I’m not really good at original names lmao)
@@ALGARIC lol😂.. Appreciate the clarification
@@tanweerriyadh3785 bro yknow theres a reason why the verification mark exists yea?
This channel's potential is through the roof. Awesome coverage!
Thank you 🙏
That was a great explanation of a concept which is really tough for me.
Concept- Idea- Conjecture - fairy tale. Not that hard.
@@buddysnackit1758 Relative to whom? If so does everyone.
@Nebuch selamlar abi.
Same. I never understood how Hawking radiation could be possible if information can’t escape from a black hole. I now realize it’s because the escaping particles don’t ever cross the event horizon, so they aren’t originating from inside the black hole itself. Very hard topic to grasp but I finally grasp a very basic idea of a subject that always made my head spin.
@@aaronposter6852 The thing is, this demonstration of hawking radiation is wrong and is unfortunately a rather popular myth. There are no actual particles being created at the edge.
I come into these videos with the presumption that I already know and understand the concepts being explained, but *every single time* I walk away with new insights and understanding. Your videos are so thorough I'm consistently amazed. The pacing is perfect. The explanations are simple. You need 10x more subscribers.
this is exceptionally factually accurate
Dunning Kruger effect
This channel makes me realize how small my problems actually are. It's comforting.
Seriously. The enormity of reality dwarfs anything on any scale we can even truly comprehend.
Seems this topic is popular lately. Thrilled to see you cover it!
But how could you see it properly without seeing it
I was literally supposed to make a presentation on this topic a couple of weeks ago lol
@@thorH. could you send me it?
@@ogpd4898 its in German but yes
The BEST video on Hawking radiation I've ever seen. Very illuminating. Thank you
Thank you !
No one ever explained this concept in such an incredibly accurate way, thank you from the bottom of my heart Alessandro, this video is amazing!
This channel deserves a kind of novel prime in education and visual representation of science. Also who can dislike this?
Novel prime
Took me a sec to realize he means Nobel Prize
autocorrect?
'also who can dislike this?" - the people who dont understand the beauty of whats told in the video
Theres always people around dislike everything for no apparent reason.
Believe me it's the most underrated channel on youtube.... Just want say one word "WOW" ..
never saw explaining that much deep concepts with such simplicity...
Okay, this channel must be trending worldwide, I literally get busy with these subjects and just know really got what Hawking radiation really is. Please share these videos everywhere, this here is human progress, it can inspire people.
Having skimmed through most of the comments (as of 4/22), I see two issues questions raised more frequently than others. People want a more in-depth presentation of 1) how particles are split (+/-) at the horizon and 2) the reversal of space and time inside a black hole. I hope ScienceClic will provide a video to that end and clarify some of the other concepts that the questioners asked about.
honestly, spot on comment. i understand broadly what happens, but only through the visualisation with the annihilating particles later in the video. i dont understand how the flipping of space time allows a particle to be negative inside and positive on the outside. i feel like there might just be one or two sentences missing to piece this puzzle together but i cant figure it out
@@MrMegaMetroid based on superficial searches and understanding, mathematically it's due to the flipping of the signs +/- in the metric of the spatial and temporal term, which is used to calculate the energy. Past the horizon, the signs flip and so the energy comes out as the opposite of what it would otherwise be.
The better question is since the energies can be positive and negative, why does it not happen in reverse, that is if it absorbs negative energies then it would be positive past the horizon this gaining energy. This part is the only one I don't understand.
I think it's a misunderstanding of what positive and negative energies actually means but I can't confirm this.
I think this video can answer your 2nd question !
czcams.com/video/GQZ3R81iyE0/video.html&ab_channel=ScienceClicEnglish
Remember that the particle illustration was just kind of a mental hack to understand the underlying quantum field phenomena. There are loads of quantum fields of different types (EM, electron, quark, etc), one for each type of particle whether that be boson or fermion (force vs matter).
A particle is a propagating vibration in the underlying field, and each particle has a defined frequency and wavelength corresponding to the mass/energy of that particle. And to get a "real" particle that you can measure (eg an electron), energy must have been imparted into the quantum field in question, because you can't get something from nothing.
Now here's the cool part. Even when there aren't any "real" particles around, the quantum fields still fluctuate randomly, but these fluctuations cancel one another out. Not like positive and negative energy really, more like how two lasers of the same frequency but coming from opposite directions can cancel each other out via destructive interference.
So out in the vacuum of space, everything cancels out and we don't see any evidence of these quantum fluctuations (most of the time, for those pendants out there). But in the vicinity of an event horizon, all the fluctuations that would normally come from the direction of the horizon can't escape, so there is a sort of imbalance in the various quantum fields. When this occurs, a distant observer might be able to measure a "real" particle that originated from near the event horizon. And because you can't get something from nothing, the black hole would have to "pay back" the relevant quantum field, which reduces the black hole's energy/mass.
Which quantum fields are affected depends on the radius of the event horizon - the larger the event horizon, the longer the wavelength of quantum fluctuations that get trapped inside the event horizon. Since a larger wavelength corresponds to a lower frequency and energy, big black holes would only disrupt the balance of the lowest frequency fluctuations (ie you would only see extremely low energy/frequency photons coming from the vicinity of a supermassive black hole).
As the black hole radius gets smaller though, it begins to affect smaller and smaller wavelengths of fluctuations, which corresponds to higher frequency/energy fluctuations.
What might that look like?
A faint buzz of extremely low frequency radio waves that slowly increase in frequency. After awhile, it would sweep into the radio bands we use up through AM and FM. It's extremely improbable (but not impossible) that we'd hear Rick Astley's masterpiece in there briefly. The black hole is shrinking at a slow but perceivable rate (if you keep a close eye on it for maybe a few billion years) because the radio waves are carrying away energy that the black hole has to "pay back". This decreases its mass which causes its event horizon to contract.
The frequencies would continue to increase until we left the radio part of the spectrum and entered the infrared, visible, and UV bands. Still we're only seeing photons at this point (maybe a stray neutrino/antineutrino pair here and there). The black hole is actually getting pretty small now compared to its original size.
Once we go past xrays and into the gamma bands, we'd start to see a few electrons/positrons streaming out. We only begin seeing particles other than photons now because the frequencies/energies of the quantum fluctuations the event horizon is disrupting have grown to frequencies/energies greater than the rest mass of the electron. The black hole is very tiny at this point, and begins to resemble an explosion played in slow motion.
This process continues to accelerate with more and more energy being dumped into the outward stream of particles. At some point, we see quark/antiquark pairs in every imaginable configuration. Maybe a random potted petunia gets flung out of the maelstrom. Not impossible.
In a very short period of time, what begun as a chill event horizon singing songs to us becomes a miniature supernova. And at the end...we don't know. Will the black hole completely disappear? Will some remnant of weirdness be left over? Who knows.
It was a cool show though.
@@MrMegaMetroid my guy, this same channel has already made a video on the flipping of space and time at the event horizon, you should watch it!
The explanation up to 8:10 is probably the best explanation I have seen on youtube. 8:10 to 9:30 is a step back I think, but still better than the typical rehash of Hawking's imperfect analogy.
Very well done.
Your approach to make impossibly difficult concepts more understandable by people with different backgrounds totally works. I hope this channel always remains like this. Thanks for making science more accessible and more comprehensible.
Thank you very much I am glad you like the format !
Man! I discovered your channel by chance and I am completely in love with it, the quality of your videos are so good that are difficult to describe. I really enjoy learning new things, or at least trying to, since these topics are a bit hard. Anyway, great work, keep it up!
I've heard this explained to me before, but not as like this. I now have a much better understanding of Hawking Radiation because of how clear your videos are. Keep up the good work!
If you did some serious reading about QFT, BH, gravity, information & thermodynamics prior to this video, you’ll find this video to be so revealing and helping to understand HRad and BH. This video, and all others of this YT account are of another league: simply the best. I would even say, if you watch it again every so often, it can also keep you on track and guide you in your endeavour of understanding better and more profoundly the subjects mentioned here.
i can recommend the PBS Space Time channel too.
This is so wonderful! I've been a big fan of watching numerous physics videos and usually fall back on PBS Spacetime (which is amazing! Complex info in relatable analogies, and Matt O'Dowd is a treasure 😊). This is just as amazing, and gets into the deeper end of the pool of these incredibly complex subjects in a way I've been hungry for!
New subscriber now, and gonna spend the rest of my week watching all y'all's vids and eagerly awaiting the next. :)
The animation quality is top-tier
Me in school: *sleeps*
Me at home: QUANTUM FUCKING PHYSICS BABYY!
14:05 -- I'd seen this equation in the textbooks so many times before... and I don't know why this fact never struck me all this time. That realization straight up brought a tear to my eye.
Best video yet. It's exciting to see paradoxes, gaps in understanding, reasons why it works and reasons why it doesn't work. Potential for new ideas, potential for new discovery. It's inspiring.
Thank you :)
This channel is such a nice complement to the normal educational channels that give a general overview of things. It has a special gift in diving deep into the most complex topics while somehow keeping it accessible to the masses.
I look forward to these videos each week more than anything.
Thank you for doing these videos. I can only imagine the effort behind your research and trying to explain such complex topics in under 20 minutes. Will be pointing people towards your videos every time I see someone looking for answers.
I really love how you make pauses so the listener can realize the what are you trying to explain and everything then fits together.
I have wasted my life on science CZcams videos. You are by far the best with your explanations and visualisation for an ordinary person to understand.
Please don’t ever change or leave the CZcams community. There are still billions of people who haven’t seen your videos. You are a gift. A messiah of science videos.
Your novel explanations with your visual grids are treasure, thank you!
Every time I watch one of your videos I feel like many gaps get filled that other videos on the subject leave as gaps. The level of detail is obviously meticulously chosen for each section of the video, so that the viewer is never left with an obvious burning question that doesn't get answered. The animations are just perfect too, probably the most useful and effective I've seen.
There's 3b1b for math and this channel for physics. This is amazing, beautiful, and clearly and meaningfully explained.
For anyone confused on why time and space switch their places, let me explain. Time is like a time cone, you can only go in on direction, forward. Space is like free movement; you can go any direction. When space is reversed to time, you can only go in one direction, to the singularity, so now space is like a time cone, you can go in only one direction, the singularity of a black hole. According to Einstein's theory, when a person falls into the singularity, time is destroyed, DESTROYED. This is why a black hole is sometimes called a, "reverse of creation," because both key elements of a black hole flipped because of the black holes behavior towards spacetime fabric and its bending.
Blackholes sound like how lights are to bugs at night, messing with their automatic orientation to north based around the sun (which in our case would be time) being at their back (which in our case would be the past), so you continually fly toward and around it endlessly while thinking you are flying straight and away from it. That's horrifying. :D
But how does it allow particle inside black hole have negative energy, plz explain if possible, that would be helpful.
9:14 would you not expect that negative and positive particles are absorbed with the equal amount? -> thus the mass of the black hole remains constant?
I agree with you too, but I believe it could be explained because of the small segment about black holes inverting space and time(?), allowing for the particle with negative mass to exist.
If the particle with positive mass is captured, then the particle with negative mass will not be able to exist for a long time and be destroyed by cancellations with other virtual particles.
Therefore, the situation in the video is the only valid case for a particle to pop into existence, and the net effect must result in the Hawking Radiation
@@sabouedcleek611 So from my understanding of the video (like seriously I am not an expert at anything) I believe
-In the black hole, positive energy and negative energy particles can exist
-outside the black hole, only positive energy particles can exist
So there are the following cases
1: negative energy -> black hole, positive energy -> escapes
=> Hawking radiation
2: negative energy -> black hole, positive energy -> black hole
=> no net change of total energy (mass) of black hole
So sometimes case 1 occurs and sometimes case 2 occurs
But case 2 doesn’t change energy while case 1 decreases energy of black hole
Therefore, black hole loses energy
At least from my interpretation of the video
@@Antonio-wh8lh What about 3. Postive energy -> black hole, negative energy escapes?
it's not negative energy or mass- it's about matter and antimatter. antimatter is just time reversed matter. watch nick lucid's video on hawking radiation for more detailed explanation
@@247_sirazulmonir9 No beware this is not antimatter, it's a common misconception. Hawking radiation emmits as many particles as antiparticles. Here I am talking about particles / antiparticles with negative energy. This is not the same as just antiparticles.
Super interesting! And _extremely_ well explained and animated. I almost got the feeling that I understand this world.
I can't get enough of these videos honestly. I'm checking my knowledge and they help me digest concepts I hadn't fully grasped. Love your work!! 👏👏👏👏
You just had replace Kurzgesagt in my list favorite channels. Now you are at the top of the list.
those illustration are so beautiful and so effective for understanding.
Great going !
Thanks 🙏
This was a great explanation!
I'd already heard the explanation with virtual particles before, but it wasn't clear to me why only the antiparticle would be sucked into the black hole, especially since the explanation basically ascribed it to random chance. I didn't know why this wouldn't simply be counteracted by the positive particles also having an equal chance of being sucked in.
When watching the first part of your video, I immediately saw what was really happening.
they always use antiparticle because its easier to understand, but neither particle really existed until it leaves.
It doesn’t matter if it is the anti-matter that or the matter that escapes, Because the energy used to create that particle was energy from the black hole. Which essentially means that the Black Hole is losing energy and therefore losing MASS, so its just easier to abstract the energy loss into an antiparticle always falling, then to try and explain the multi step process.
English is not my native language but the way this excellent narrator is combining words together is somehow very rewarding.
it's still not clear to me why accelerating near the horizon changes the apparent cancellation of particles and antiparticles. is it because their distance appears greater apart perpendicular to the event horizon such that they cannot regroup/cancel?
Second, what is it about negative energy particles that makes it that they're the ones that are captured and not the positive ones? With those particles appearing at the edge of the event horizon, you'd think there would be an equal probability of a positive or negative energy particles to be absorbed...
I have the same question. The video's author introduced an unexplained universe level restriction that negative waves can go only in the direction outside of black hole and positive waves can go only inside.
I do have the same exact questio
I have learned more from this channel than I have in several year's worth of schooling. I can’t believe this is free content. Thank you so much. WORLD'S BEST CHANNEL
Remember, school can teach you much more than this CZcams channel could ever about physics. In the end of the day, this channel is providing entertaining explanations to a concept that is impossible to understand without several years of school/college. Therefore, even if you where referring to just physics, that statement does not make any sense since several years of physics college education would teach you immensely more information than every video on this CZcams channel.
@@NicolasLavender yeah i agree with you but my school has never tech me in a such a beautiful way. it took me 4-5 months to understand this but still I was confused. but this video is more understandable and simple. my school only tech me how to get good grade and solve equation. but don't let us to think and imagine it.if u learn it from school you won't get that feel for physics.and good thing is that u can learn whenever u can but in schools if u r not interested you still have to learn it you are forced !
@@NicolasLavender I agree with you to a certain degree. Fact is, Einstein derived his equations mainly from imagining a photon traveling on a curved world line, not only simply by doing the math. I'm pretty sure that most of these gigantic scientific leaps are derived from our imagination, although recreating it with the formulating principles of mathematics is the last and most important factor.
There were multiple points during this video that I had to pause as I was running up against what I thought I already understood. I’m sure I’ve heard explanations of HR that didn’t break my mind so much, meaning either they lacked something or you have put it in such approachable terms that I’ve been more able to see at which point my understanding breaks down. I’m sure it’s the latter.
Awesome video! I can’t wait to check out more
This is one of the best channels on all of CZcams. All of media for that matter
I think this channel is the best physics channel on CZcams.
Amazing technique in converting very subtle physical concepts into animation, a neat combination of art and science, you mastered in both area. an excellent narration, very soothing voice, obviously every second of video is thought and planned accuratle, BRAVO, keep the good work!
Thank you very much !
Im a serious consumer of science based channels on youtube and your videos are certainly some of the best, I really love your explanations!
This channel has so much more potential, I would seriously suggest doing collabs or something with other science channels, im sure they'll love it and it will really help you popularize your channel, and anyone would love to work with such quality as yours. I only discovered this by chance but im so glad I did. Good luck and keep up thee great videos!
This channel has some of the best animation and graphics for visualizing these topics. Great job!
This channel does the best explanations of all of these phenomenon I have ever seen.
you and anton and pbsst too are all great sources of scientific information and comprehension. im really glad i found your channel
WHAT AN EXTRAORDINARY AND SCIENTIFICALLY CORRECT PRESENTATION!! BRAVO!!
Thanks !
Sorry I have a few more questions after watching the video: Why do only positive and not negative waves fall in (5:49), and conversely, why do only negative and not positive waves try to but fail to escape the horizon (5:44)?
Why do only the negative and not positive particles fall in (9:00)? How do the positive particles escape the black hole without falling in (9:08)? Thank you.
This is the one part of Brief History of Time that I didn't properly grok when I read it as a teen. Grand video; thank you for your help.
Why is this so good?
Can you do a series on the math behind quantum field theory? Kinda like what you did with special relativity. It was so interesting to learn
your videos are amazing - very informative & clear. graphics are amazing. background music is amazing - keeps me wanting to learn more. good job!
This is an excellent video. Please keep making more of these. Thank you for the great work that you do.
Great channel! I "ate" all your videos in one sit. Perfect, quite intuitive and interesting visualisation, especially for those, who just like me, are not natural scientists. More content is needed! How about making new series on dark matter, dark energy, supersymmetry, string theory, theory of quantum gravitation?
This is phenominal. The explanation - the animations - everything!
Extremely underrated channel. Great graphics, great explaination!
To my observation,your analogies are the best I've ever seen hands down,outstanding .
Just read about most of this in the book 'a short history of time' by Stephen Hawking, and miraculously, you made a video about it. Can't thank you enough and keep it up, I only found out about this channel a month or so ago and it's already my number one!
Wow. First video I’ve watched from this channel and I’m hooked. Subbed.
Great explanations accompanied by beautiful visuals, keep up the great work! What do you use to animate?
Everything from this channel is brilliant, both in terms of explanation as well as its visual presentation. Thanks!
Thank you. I really wanted to know more about this, and didn’t know that I did
Great videos, great explanations. Thank you!
Underrated channel
Beautiful video
Easy explanation
This is gold
Absolutely brilliant, what an amazing video. I seriously can’t thank you guys enough for this incredible channel, your videos are just spot on. Thank you.
I really love the neon look of the little particle waves. It gives the v i b e s
Amazingly clear explanation!
i live i pakistan
i've been involved in graphics and animation all my life and i just have to say your channel does a great job of visualising things that are difficult to imagine. (i have some of my work on my channel, in my CV is work on the BBC planets series).
love the ambient music please keep this in all videos. Makes them very soothing to watch.
Absolutely stunning as always!!
Every video you have made is the best explanation I’ve seen on that topic, it’s wild
Yay! I've been waiting for another one of your amazing videos
Black holes are so fascinating. They are so unlike anything else that we can observe in nature
But just like everything we can't observe in nature.
We need more subscribers. This is criminally underrated.
thank you science clic for explaining this wonderful concept in detail. The animation, voice ad the music all was excellent. Together it was such a woderful experience to watch your videos
I must say, this explanation of Hawking radiation was way easier to follow than the one on the PBS Spacetime channel. The animations and pace of narration were just right.
Best physics channel ever
Another incredible video from this channel! Just one point of confusion, why is it that the virtual particles that are captured by the black hole are said to have negative energy? More generally, how is it that each virtual particle in a pair has opposite energy compared to it “partner”. I understand that mathematically this will result in energy being conserved. But what is the fundamental difference between the two particles that causes the opposite signs for their energies? Also why is it that the particle which is captured by the black hole is always the negative one? Why can’t the positive energy particle fall in and the negative energy particle escape?
According to Physicist J. R. Gott in the book "Welcome to the Universe", the negative energy particles have negative net energy because their Gravitational Potential Energy is more negative than their rest-mass energy + kinetic energy
They're not actual particles with negative or positive energy, just another way of looking at the peaks and troughs of a wave
@@AverageAlien yes, and the one dragged into the hole looks (from the outside) like it has negative frequency.
by E=hf, negative frequency means negative energy, so it shrinks the hole
(I'm no expert, is that right?)
One of the most underrated channels I've ever seen.
Super interesting videos! And very well explained, keep doing them!
Best channel in the world (at least this universe)
🙏
Mind explodes at the horizon. Holy cow batman that was awesome. Thank you! The visualization of gravity between earth and free falling objects was amazing.. Thanks for your efforts. 🤟🤓🤯
Ahah thanks! I'm glad you liked it! If you want I have a whole video about the visualization called "a new way to visualize general relativity"
This channel was fundamental to going back to study! Perfect animations!
This channel is amazing. One of the best quantum science explaining channels, if not the best.
Now this is something perfect for my learning method.
The best channel on YT!!!
Bravo❤️
🙏
The best plain description I've heard for Hawking radiation, excellent!
great video, well explained. i was curious about hawking's work ever since i was little and wasn't able to understand a word at the time. now that i started learning about physics, it just makes my inner child happy to see the things i used to consider unexplainable get explained lmao
Now you have to do some video about Black Hole Entropy!
Ahah indeed !
That was a really good explanation, however I still don't get one thing. I've heard before that inside a black hole time and space's roles are reversed, and that the singularity becomes an inevitable future once you cross the horizon (I'm still wrapping my head around that but we'll take it to be true). How does this reversal allow for negative energy to exist inside the black hole?
I may now have an addiction to this channel.
Keep up the good work. I'll help finance your videos with my attention whenever you can get one out 👌
This is hands down my favorite channel on CZcams. (I'm subscribed to plenty of science based channels) I can't express how grateful I am for discovering this channel. This channel further amplifies my passion for theoretical/astro physics. The animations combined with the elegant explanations leave me with a clearer, intuitive understanding of the universe. The excellent work fuels my childlike novelty to the world. After watching these videos, I became more motivated to pursue an education in physics.
P.S. You have the best video explanation of general and special relativity on the internet.
Also for anyone who has a passion in physics, I highly recommend 'Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky' Has great animations and rigor
I want more of this!!! So great channel
Doubt: Why you don´t add the cosmological constant "Lambda" in the general relativity equation?
Thanks ! Glad you liked the video ! I generally find it more elegant to include the cosmological constant in the energy-momentum tensor itself, as a form of "content" of the universe rather than a mathematical constant
@@ScienceClicEN Thanks for the explanation!! 😁