Milky Way from ISS, Jupiter Catching Fire, Best Sci-Fi Novel | Q&A 215
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- čas přidán 16. 06. 2024
- How does Venus hold its atmosphere without a magnetosphere? Is the Sun moving to the Milky Way's centre? What happens when the space elevator cable snaps? Can we solve the Hubble Tension? All this and more in this week's Q&A!
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00:00 Start
00:47 [Tatooine] How does Venus hold its atmosphere without a magnetosphere?
03:58 [Coruscant] Which is the best target for the Solar Gravitational Lens telescope?
06:40 [Hoth] Why aren't there more launch complexes near the equator?
10:00 [Naboo] Should you use 'microgravity' instead of 'zero gravity'?
11:37 [Kamino] How does the Milky Way look from the ISS?
13:03 [Bespin] Why doesn't Jupiter catch fire if it's flammable gas?
15:28 [Mustafar] Will I ever go to space?
18:33 [Alderaan] Is the Sun moving to the Milky Way's centre?
20:55 [Dagobah] What happens when the space elevator cable snaps?
22:58 [Yavin] How does time dilation change interstellar flights?
25:18 [Mandalore] Why don't we make space probes more definitive?
29:43 [Geonosis] What is my favourite recent Sci-Fi novel?
31:30 [Corellia] Have I ever seen a UFO?
32:23 [Crait] Can we solve the Hubble Tension?
34:39 [Endor] How weight changes on top of Mount Everest?
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You are free to use my work for any purpose you like, just mention me as the source and link back to this video. - Věda a technologie
We should start a petition to SpaceX to get Fraser into space. Even if he doesn't want to 😂
Send andrew tate, leave fraser alone. :)
I don’t think he meant to send Fraser with a one way ticket into space
Tim Dodd on dear moon is almost as good but I would love to see Fraser do a Q&A in zero gravity 😀
Dear Fraser, a question popped into my brain: how are the SpaceX bathroom and SpaceX snacks?
Has my vote
Naboo is my vote for best question, or best answer. Weightlessness feels properly pedantic to me!
I worked on the sea launch and it was the most fantastic project I have been involved in, very exciting indeed
Send blueprints
@@arkvsi8142 - and be visited by FBI? no thanks, and the design was flawed anyhow so it is a waste of money to build it, NASA abandoned it I think, if I remember correctly
@@doncarlodivargas5497 I see, still I can just improve from it, #SendBlueprintsNotNvdes
@@arkvsi8142 - no, you couldn't, I think they noticed it was difficult to load rockets from the ship to the rig due to waves on the ocean, that's why the rig had to sail back to long beach each time, I suggested to use a dry dock instead, that could sink down when the ship comes with new rockets, rise up, unload rockets, sink down, let the ship leave, alternatively stay half submerged to stabilise the structure, but it was never built
@@doncarlodivargas5497 Oh, I Analyzed it and makes sense, basically a ship elevator/lifter that fits the rocket and lowers it after. Kinda worth building, but a shame it was discarded...If nasa was the one in charge.. I guess they preferred to send that money to Boeing
I got to say this has been one of my favorite space news outlets but the q&a is by far my favorite thank you so much
Good questions this week! And as always great answers
31:58 As someone that has been an amateur astronomer since the 1980's I've only seen one "UFO" and coincidentally it was last summer. I witnessed what appeared to be a satellite traveling in a circumpolar orbit. I then noticed it stop for a few seconds. It then started to make sharp turns as it moved across the sky for about 30 minutes. After this it zipped over the Western Horizon at incredible speed before disappearing. My wife and kids also watched this with me so I know i wasn't hallucinating. Never seen anything quite like it.
I have seen the same thing while watching a meteor shower at night,the craft made ninety degree turns at super high speeds we all watched this and couldn't believe what we saw.
Marvelous questions. Thank you Fraser and all the curious minded.
Corellia! I do so enjoy the rigorously realized circumspection of imaginative engagement in those broadly scientifically literate. Simply sublime.
I've said it befor and I'll say it again... Absolutely love your content Fraser! BEST space channel on CZcams!
I consider myself fairly adept, but you explain things perfectly for anyone to understand.
I'd also suggest Anton Petrov for more science content, too.
Please check out physics girl. She's got a great channel and currently going through a medical emergency and could use extra views and support
Fraser, Scott Manley & Anton Petrov are a few of my favourite science educators 😁 daily watch for me because of such mind blowing content
@@THIS---GUY I watch all of them too! I just really like Fraser's content.
Scott gets pretty deep into launches which i like but not always my thing.
Anton discusses more physics anomalies, which i also like, but can be a little too much for "relaxing"
I also watch physics girl, launchpad astronomy, astrium, what about it.... pretty much all of them
Fraser is just this Awesome middle groud where its fun topics and gets deep with them, but not too deep and with good variety
@Aetoski you're right about everything. Fraser answers so many questions, too. He's so interactive with community, it's easy to take it for granted .
Astrum, Sea, history of earth/universe are awesome for relaxed learning.
I agree about Manley. I've recently been deep diving into him and Everyday Astronaut but overlook how specific they are.
Thanks for sharing!
@@THIS---GUY Sabine Hossenfelder is probably my second favorite overall right now. Goes a little more in depth, but also a great explainer with good variety, including chemistry topics. Also shes kind of hilarious
Two really good book series are "Red Mars" and "Rendezvous With Rama." Both series written in the 90s and before but have a lot of insight to the technologies needed for terraforming and deep space travel. The Rama series definitely came to mind when Omuamua came through our solar system
An interesting side effect of the "zero gravity" discussion is the realization that riding the Vomit Comet really is close enough to what being in orbit would be like, since both achieve free fall
Jumping off a diving board also makes you free fall and weightless
Very cool stuff, as always, Fraser. Thanks for what you do. ❤️❤️
Favorite? Well, Coruscant was interesting, but I think we should design one that could MOVE, could TRAVEL, rather than the "just one shot" idea. The Mustafar question was an EXCELLENT point, because most of us will never be able to afford going to space. Hell, my home wouldn't mortgage for enough to pay for even a tenth of what a quick trip to space would cost.
Edit: Yavin, the way to do that is to do this with a large group, like a colony ship. Then we won't be losing the rest of our race!
Mandalore, that's what science IS, right there. That's how it's DONE. We hypothesize, we test, we hypothesize and test again!
Geonosis, that's what happened when I found a book that intrigued me with just its title... I ended up following the entire series, and the rest of what the authors write, too. 😄
Crait: we will eventually figure it out. Whether you or I are still alive by then, who knows. But we as a species are determined - and stubborn - enough to get it figured out.
Thank you for answering my question, Fraser! Wasn't trying to offer any knowledge, only confusion lol. You think they'd mention that the values for the Hubble Constant are weighted when being compared to one another... But now it makes a lot more sense 😁
oh and Crait if I can vote for ourselves on this
19:35 - That reminds me of when I was a kid, my dad explained what life was like before television. Now our generation gets to explain to the next one, what life was like before the internet.
Hi Fraser I’ve been watching your videos for many years now and I find that you are very good at your job and very knowledgeable. Thanks for sharing m8 it’s great. 🤘🇦🇺🌌
Huge thanks to you!
Revelation Space was exceptional, as are most of his other books. Adrian Tchaikovsky is another great author worth reading…but you’ll no doubt end up in another series! Although the standalone book Elder Race was brilliant!
Correct on the gravity rant!
Mandalore. I’ve been loving all the Venus content lately.
I'm a little obsessed with Venus right now.
Great episode! My vote to goes to Coruscant
thank you very much!
My favorite sci fi book(s) is the Bobiverse series. It’s everything you could possibly want, immortality questions, realistic space battles, a bunch of sci fi references, even a solution to the Fermi paradox. There’s a fast enough pace with enough thought and action and just, substance, that I’m pretty sure anyone could read it without understanding anything about space. As long as you ignore the SURGE drives. They make no sense.
They're a great series. I even interviewed the author here on the channel. czcams.com/users/liveCc8SHAyHVZI
This episode is exceptionally good
12:15 You get the same effect using low-light / night vision equipment to look at the sky: EVERYTHING gets pumped up in brightness, and suddenly it gets a lot more difficult to find your typical "landmarks" because all the "background" stars are seemingly fifty times more numerous, and all of it's distractingly bright. =)
[Tatooine] Great clarification. While I knew Venus didn't have a magnetosphere, the penny simply hadn't dropped that Venus had lost its hydrogen. Makes so much sense now I know!
I think we have the same mind about baloon flights. A balloon flight would also last a lot longer, and as you said, be a lot more comfortable.
Fraser - You showed Virgin Galactic when you were describing Virgin Orbit - Virgin Orbit uses a 747 “Cosmic Girl”, while Virgin Galactic flies a specially designed aircraft “White Night 2” out of New Mexico (Not the UK)!
Thank the gods we know this now. 😂
@@whyukraine - I expected better from Fraser - He’s usually a lot more careful.
Yeah, I noticed that mistake, but didn't figure it was critical enough to redo the whole video.
Yavin - and that's something fascinating about "warp drive", there is no time dilation effect since you're weaving through space-time not accelerating through it
Re: Launch latitude. The speed boost one gets from the spinning Earth is proportional to the distance from the axis, so it's proportional to the cosine of your latitude, which decreases fairly slowly as you move away from the Equator, and most quickly as you reach the poles. Cosine(28 degrees) = 0.88, so we already get 88% of the maximum boost by launching from Kennedy. The last 12% isn't worth the extra logistical hassles.
Kamino. Interesting stuff.
Naboo has my vote
I recommend Xenogenesis by Octavia Butler. I love it!
I like 'freefall' instead of micro-gravity, it sounds cool and you are technically falling.
11:24 Orbital gravity. Descrptive enough to not be confused with any other term
Mass Effect + Foundation sound awesome, will look up Revelation Space books
Kilamanjaro would be the best equatorial launch site. It is on land at high elevation, the summit of a large volcano. It is isolated on the landscape so that roads could be built up to it.
All right all ready I’ll subscribe…
Done!
My aunt worked for sea launch. Was a cool project.
Tatooine, it is always been the question for me if Venus wasn't killed in a meteor strike. That might explain why the lightest volatile gases were stripped from the planet, a huge amount was volcanically resurfaced at the same time and I wonder if that couldn't disrupt the Magnetosphere.
I was going to vote for Tatoo, and it's still my second choice. But Coruscant sounds a little more interesting.
Like many already said Revelation Space is on its own level which is high up.
There are many fascinating concepts and the "hard" in Hard-scifi is pretty hard.
I've then read almost everything else from Alistair Raynolds.
Now I'm listening to the audio books of revelation space. The voice artist is awesome.
Hoth! Highest mountain in Ecuador is Chimborazo ele. 20,702 Because of the equatorial bulge, this peak is the farthest point from the center of the Earth. Bring your oxygen tanks! Mars question: wouldn't the bottom of Valles Marineris, some 10km deep, where temperature should be warmer and the atmosphere denser be a more likely place to look for Martian life?
Maybe it would be an idea to use several gravitational lens telscopes in different positions to maximize the number of targets. I know space missions are not cheap, but that may change in the near future making this a realistic option.
Really , Kenya and Ecuador should be the world's primary center for space launches. Right on the Equator AND high elevation.
Nairobi and Quito should be the space capitals of the world.
Yeah, that's what I think too. Ecuador or somewhere in Africa, right on the equator.
I too am working my way through revolution space in my free reading moments
Sri Lankas Hambanthota is the best place for a launch facility. Not only its closest to the equator. but has lots of flat lands and one of the few ports and a freezone
I think the term zero gravity is fine, as mentioned we experience gravity from all sources at all times, but if you were to measure it with an accelerometer while in freefall/orbit it would read zero, and while stationary on earth it would measure 1g…
BESPIN 's question is great. I would ask a follow up question: If we were to send an oxygen tank to Jupiter which would probably implode at a close distance, would this create an explosion of the hydrogen on Jupiter?
Alderann Thanks Fraser
Using warp bubble theory, would it be easier to warp in the direction that your spaceship was already moving? Or would it not matter which way you wanted to warp?
How do you define "the direction that your spaceship was already moving"?
That is arbitrary in outer space.
If one guy is moving "north" at ten miles an hour and another is doing so at twenty miles an hour then the first guy is moving "south" at ten miles an hour.
Which frame of reference is the correct one.
For a book recomendation, I suggest "The Gods themselves", Issac Asimov took a Hugo award for that. My favorite quote from the book: "Two is the wrong number."
You mentioned you would have less weight from the center of the earth out the father you go. But the center of the earth you would be weightless. I’m not sure how far from the center you start experiencing weight but I would assume as you move up from the center you have mass above you and mass below you countering each other. So it would be different than standing on an astroid of the diameter and composition of your depth. I think I’m looking at this correctly but not positive.
GRILL 332 you are correct. At the center of the earth its mass is uniformly distributed all around you so you experience weightlessness. moving away from the center creates a non uniform distribution of mass so you begin to experience some gravity until your reach the surface at which point all the mass all beneath you and you experience one G.
Yes, what he said was right but with the assumption you are on the surface, in that situation it makes sense to say the gravity gets weaker the further you are from the center of mass. You could not just say it gets weaker the further you are from the surface as that would imply its always the same on the surface even though the surface itself can vary in it's distance from the center of mass which we know does effect the strength of gravity you experience
Naboo. "Weightless" it is.
For eventually space tourist orbital habitats, I kind of like the idea of a tether with a weight on the end putting the whole habitat under microgravity (if the center of gravity is of the habitat). If you have 1% of your weight, it will still feel weightless, but water droplets will eventually fall rather than float around and possibly get into electronics (or someone else's nose)
question show 🥰
Crait - I've wondered the same thing, and your explanation was fantastic.
With an eye on building bases on the Moon, and also needing to clean up the orbit around the earth, Would it be possible with something like Starship to, at some point in the near-ish future, develop a "capture" system to retrieve some of the satellites / large debris in orbit around earth that were not designed with a system to de-orbit properly, and deliver them to the moon for recycling / repurposing?
I have a question for when you feel up to it: What is the connection between time and gravity?
On the Endor section, there is another factor. Gravity is based on the mass of the two objects. While we generally use a point mass for Earth, that's not entirely accurate. The mass distribution will vary across areas. This is one reason satellites need thrusters, the gravitational force is not consistent around the planet.
Kamino. Fraser, what do think of the idea of looking at the stars the way the Incas did? They looked at the nebulae, rather than the stars themselves. They inverted the idea of stargazing and sought out dark areas with identifiable shapes. Would this solve the issue of all of the stars looking too bright and making it hard to identify constellations when in space?
Hi Fraser! What book are you reading or have read before Revelation space? Just finished that series. Fairly new subscriber (this year)
Hey Fraser,
My question is about hot jupiters and selection bias from telescopes like TESS and KEPLER. When the protoplanetary disks form around new stars, the stellar wind tends to push a greater percent of lighter elements (H & He) further out (Perhaps there is also an aspect of centrifugal differentiation?). This forms the gas giants (in a very neat band- smaller inner rocky, gas giants, ice giants). This seems like it would happen in every system, which means that most gas giants should form further from their star? Would this not be the case if you had a metallic element-poor system? Or perhaps red dwarfs have weaker solar wind?
Obviously, large, quickly orbiting planets (especially with relatively low mass stars) are going to be the easiest to detect. There still seems to be a lot though! Would the main cause of hot jupiters be from gravitational perturbations/interactions in the forming solar system, changing their orbits after formation? Or would there be a case for them naturally forming at such a close distance under certain circumstances?
Sorry for the long question! Thanks!!
I vote for Talooine!
How viable would an active support space elevator be?
my idea for the gravitational lens telescope, which i think has also been explored under the 'string of pearls' telescope idea, would be to simply automate the process with mass drivers initially, then off-world manufacturing eventually.
if you can produce a projectile with the required equipment, it would be possible to begin launching such telescopes in series using our current/near current technology - while there would be light latency and a delay to reaching the focal plane, once they begin sending data back such a program could be operated continuously. these images could then provide the cheapest and highest fidelity results of essentially any available option within visible light astronomy.
in essence: we are literally incapable of building a telescope as kickass as our sun, so surely the sooner we begin to use it the better.
and it would be a new era of astronomy, with the number of new objects being imaged (including exoplanets) being simply as often as the regularity with which the probes themselves are launched. that's a lot of new, possible data!
free floating! 👽
What would be a realistic timeframe to build a lunar space elevator? What lunar infrastructure would be needed beforehand?
@Naboo: Yes, free-fall and weightlessness are good terms to use.
But it's not because of balanced forces - it's because of an unbalanced (no ground to stop you), net gravitational force that accelerates everything exactly the same way - so astronauts travel exactly the same way as their spacecraft - until the rockets are fired (look for videos of Space Station reboost!).
Dagobah 🤗❤️
Tatooine, because it has the best lego sets. No wait i did listen to the whole show really!!
I don't have a favorite, but;
- Launchng from near the Equator: The Wikipedia page on the spaceport in French Guiana (5 degrees north) states that a Soyuz which would launch a payload of 1.7 T from Baiknur (46 N) would increase its payload to 2.8 T. Not insignificant! But they don't sem to get in a lot of launches. Wonder how they could keep up with the pace of just SpaceX. Lots of logistics to launching there, I'd guess.
- Gravitational lens observatory; an online calculator reveals that an object at 1000 AU from Sol would orbit in 31,620 years and so would move its observation area by one degree in 81 years. I wonder what distance it would be focussed at. And whether using different objects for gravitational lenses is a better idea, given the decades it would take to build any such observatory and further decades to launch it to 1000 AU. Wouldn't it be better to put one into orbit at the Earth-Sun L2 poiint and use various "nearby" massive black holes as lenses?
Orbital velocity is at least 17,000mph.
At the latitude of KSC the rotation diff to equatorial speed is only 89mph. A difference which is insignificant at that scale.
9:20 ah, yes, Mount Kilimanjaro, the center point of Alastair Reynolds's laters books
Naboo. What are some ideas scientists believe they could use to induce & maintain synthetic torpor for astronauts during long-term space travel? What would be the protocol?
How was the Milky Way created? There is lots about how the planets were created, the solar system and even the universe but it seems like information about the creation of galaxies are brief.
Bespin, because the people who made 'The Wandering Earth' movie need this explained to them.
Fraser Cain: Would it be possible to use the temperature and pressure differentials in the Venus atmosphere to generate power? I am thinking of an analog to geothermal power where you send a dirigible with log hoses that would dangle down into the hotter and denser atmosphere close to the surface. Add a couple of oneway valves and a sterling engine on one end, and you should be set. Is this defeated by material science concerns or weight limitations? Would we need to wait for graphene to make this viable, or are there other problems that I am not considering?
This idea is against the thermodynamics laws, so you want to pump hot dens gasses up in the upper atmosphere and benefit from heat and temperature difference to produce energy( I suppose that is your ideea), when the gasses climb inside some pipe (or hose if you want) in the upper atmosphere their pressure decrease, and when a gass experience a drop in pressure becomes cooler, other way around is true too, if you want to pump cold rarefied gasses from upper atmosphere down when the gasses descent increase in pressure make them hotter and when reach ground temperature and pressure differential would be almost zero. Or so small that energy gain will be smaller than energy used to pump that gas.
Hi Frazer, This is a follow up question to the mandalore question and Viking experiments. Might be a stupid question but why not send microscopes on the probes to search for life?
Naboo: perhaps it should be called free falling? Everything in orbit is falling but because of sideways velocity the objects manage to avoid hitting the ground. In school we were taught mass is measured in Kilograms and force in Newtons but then there's Kilogram force introduced to measure "weight" but really that's the reaction of solid ground pushing back on a object to prevent it from falling - confused you will be as Yoda might have said.
Q&A If you had 2 objects heading in to opposite directions but one was going exactly 50% the speed of light and the other was going 51% the speed of light if you where standing on one of the objects would the other redshift immediately or would you still be able to see the other object
The French Guiana launch site is about as perfect as it gets. A bit further south in Brazil it would be even better, but it really isn't that huge of a difference.
Another great site would be Kenya.
You want to be on the east coast of a continent because if something goes wrong, the rocket pieces will only fall into the ocean and probably not hit anything.
Indonesia might have a few more places on Borneo for example, but I think they have way more stormy weather than South America, which might be a problem.
Fuzzy gravity?
Decentric gravity?
Acceleration dominant vs Mass dominant gravity?
Did you get a new camera? The video is looking great today
Can we go back to the blurry one now?
Good video, indeed.
I have a good question for you. What if we actually sent out some satellites that could be relays between here and Mars while we still have time to that before putting people on it. Communications can relay off of each one like a String of Pearls so we can communicate a lot faster then 45 minutes or more before we get a response back. Maybe we can cut that down to maybe 5 minutes. Does that sound feasible could we do something like that? They could also give us readings on radiation in different parts of the journey between here and Mars so we can protect our astronauts from any big surges. It could be a Communications booster as well as a radiation early warning system. It might even be able to assist in charting out the safest paths from and to earth in real time.
Fellow Canadian William Shatner, who was 90, went into space. Keep the faith, brother.
The Elvis Christmas background music always throws me off.
Hey fraser here's my question:
Billions of years from now when the sun is beginning to run out of hydrogen and starts to fuse helium and enter its red giant stage. Could we ( as a more advanced civilisation then we are now ) find a way to crash the gas giants into the sun to replenish the sun's supply of hydrogen and maybe give our sun another billion years of stability? Thanks!
Hi Fraser. How do you tell time in space? What about the moon or mars? Would they get their own time zones like earth once inhabited?
Time is relative also irrelevant
At 99% of c -- the speed of light -- the time dilation (i.e. the Lorentz factor) is 7. One day on your spaceship is 7 days on Earth. However, one way the Universe stops you from reaching c is by converting the energy you expend trying to accelerate your ship into mass. So at 99% of c your spaceship and everything in it is *7* times as massive (i.e. it would weigh 7 times as much as it did on Earth.)
Yes, I didn't say it would be feasible. Only that time dilation is cool. 😀
@@frasercain Fraser, did not intend to come across as snarky. Several of us (aerospace engineers & one astrophysicist who worked on the JWST) meet every Monday to chat about the latest in astronomy, astrophysics, etc. Your excellent works come up every time we meet. So thank you!
Whoa, I'm honored. :-)
QUESTION:: The Voyager probes are barely out of the Solar System, yet we can only communicate with them at a snail's pace, and only when their dishes are pointed directly at Earth. What does this say about our ability to detect radio transmissions from other star systems? And how far could an Earth-like civilisation be from Earth, and still have its transmissions detected by our current level of technology?
A simple answer to the Fermi Paradox might be that no one is pointing their dishes at us, and all other radio transmissions are just too faint to reach us from more than just a handful of local star systems.
Naboo
If it takes infinite time to cross the event horizon of a black hole, and black holes can evaporate through Hawking radiation. Wouldn't a black hole evaporate before an object would be able to reach it? And from the perspective of that object wouldn't the black hole evaporate very quickly?
Tattoonie
Hey Frasier, Venus is next door and Proxima Centauri is 50,000 years away (I guess). Why do we focus on finding life in places so far away but there is no priority on doing a several century project like terra forming Venus. Humans have done projects on this time scale: Norte Dame, Gaudi’s Cathedral, etc.
About space elevators, the research around it focuses on particularly strong materials. But wouldn't it make more sense to construct a space elevator like a chain with links, each using magnetic repulsion (or maybe attraction) to maintain the right distance from its neighbors, no cable needed? What would be wrong with such a design?
I want to see Vulcan, as expressed in both series and books. "Spock's World" explicated a LOT. It seems so fascinating. Seriously. Could a system like this exist, and life persist, if it was shocked by a lingering mass-extinction event that essentially never ended, but allowed for life to "cling on" to the edges (sorry about that horrible pun).
The speed difference in expansion is just a 6th dimention code, that makes things way more complicated, to unravel exeptional inteligence in this experiment. It's to feed curiosity or a ai game of masters of our Universe. I'm Meat! I'm in no dimentional-accurate form to understand.
How cool is that - never thought regarding zero gravity term in Russian, it is actually "weightnessless" - невесомость )) normally I found English more precise but this is one of those rare cases when Russian is I guess (Ark Fen)
Is gravitational frame dragging the explanation for why large scale accumulations of matter like galaxies and solar systems form discs around a central large rotating mass over long periods of time?
Mustafar: same perspective. Balloons first.
I HAVE A QUESTION. Do marbles create gravitational lenses?
Love your channel! I have a hypothetical question: If Jupiter fell into the sun, what are the immediate and long term consequences? (I heard this question as to the impact on the sun if this happened. It got me thinking about what happens to the rest of our solar system.) TIA
NO!!!!!! NO questions where, you know fine rightly the answer is, we all die. Ask about something nice.. like how rainbows are made.
@@michaeljames5936 🤣🤣🤣
Just getting Jupiter to the sun would necessitate moving everything else in the solar system outward if not completely ejecting everything that isn’t Jupiter or the sun.
Jupiter is a fraction of a percent the mass of the sun. Adding its mass to the sun would have negligible effect on the sun. The sun would get slightly brighter, its life shortened by a few hundred million years.
@@CarFreeSegnitz I would guess that all the remaining planets would adjust their orbits. I do wonder about the Kuiper Belt objects.
Being close to the equator isn't super important. The benefit follows a sine curve, not a straight line. By the time you get close to the equator, going north or south isn't a big change in benefit. The rate of change is highest at 45 degrees N/S.