Meridiungulata - South America's Former Hoofed Mammals
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- čas přidán 12. 07. 2021
- Sources:
www.frontiersin.org/articles/...
Image Sources:
www.deviantart.com/vespasiano...
www.deviantart.com/willemsvdm...
mcgratherium/stat... - Andy McGrath for thoatherium photo
external-preview.redd.it/FFJI... - Philip Edwin
Credit BBC Videos like WWB as well as Prehistoric Park
pbs.twimg.com/media/EIdBrSCWw... - Gabriel N.U.
Music from:
Cafe de Touhou
ユメガタリ - ユメの喫茶店
Caviramus 09: / @caviramus0993
It's amazing Meridiungulates likely evolved in isolation from other ungulates: a great example of convergent evolution
I totally agree
Funnily enough, these animals were actually the sister group to Odd Toed Ungulates. So basically there closest living relatives are Horses🐎, Rhinos🦏, and Tapirs
Wait sloths armadillos anteater are not ungulates
@@Skinwalker51582yes? There aren’t ungulate, Wdym?
The Pronghorn and it's family would be really interesting. I know you already covered giraffes and their family but no one has really fully covered the Pronghorn. The saiga would also be really interesting.
A very good idea. I heard the reason for their speed is in-part attributed to an extinct cheetah like predator who was well suited for hunting them. Their environmental relationships were just fascinating
@@anthonylezama1645 yes, it was a long legged relative if the Puma.
@@fgialcgorge7392 That I didn't know, that's pretty wild. Awesome to think the speed of the pronghorn is just as much a relic of that ancient predators existence. Cat lineages used to be so diverse in the states, shame.
@@anthonylezama1645 it is a shame. I'd give just about anything to see north and south America 50,000 years ago.
@@fgialcgorge7392 As would I, I’d really like to see most of the world at that point though. Such amazing animals were around at the time.
I can't keep track of any the names you're saying, but it's super interesting! Definitely gonna try and learn more about paleontology and memories some of the names of the families, species etc
I feel this way with the time period names too 😅 but I’m just enjoying learning about these prehistoric fauna.
Island South America was such an alien place; like Australia but on steroids. The loss of their unique local fauna during the Great American exchange is easily the largest focalized loss of biodiversity that occurred between the KT extinction and the rise of humans. Thanks for covering this oft overlooked fauna!!!
The GABI was nowhere near as bad as commonly assumed: a lot of the South American lineages (especially predators) were in steep decline (terror birds, litopterns, and notoungulates to a lesser extent) or already extinct (sparassodonts, sebecids, astrapotheres, etc) BEFORE the event took place, and thus they never were outcompeted by North American taxa as commonly believed. Other South American lineages such as xenarthans, cavymorph rodents, and opossums kept maintaining the same ecological niches as before even after the Interchange, with xenarthans in particular being extremely successful up until human colonization of the Americas (and they’re still doing fairly well)
i feel australia is the weirder of the 2 as the things that evolved in aus were far weirder and unique compared to south america...the only reason there werent as many animals is that most of aus is just open arid desert unable to support large- animals full stop...
@@rexy132 Australia DID have a lot of large animals; even after desertification killed off quite a few of them, over a dozen large terrestrial megafauna species survived up until human colonization wiped them out. The idea Australia’s lack of large animals is natural is just false.
@@bkjeong4302 I never said aus didn’t have large animals...I said there was less variety due to the large expanse of nothing be it the interior sea or the great big desert
@@rexy132 But there WASN’T less variety, except maybe until the Late Pleistocene (and even that was over a dozen large-bodied taxa or so weighing over 100kg, pretty comparable to some other continents at the time)
It's crazy how diverse the world used to be
I agree. It is so shocking that so many large animals could exist back then. Earth is just so fascinating.
Till we ruined it by over hunting
While I do wish there more larger animals today it doesn't mean the world is no longer diverse in it's species.
Well there was an entire other continent with Antartica not just being solid ice which helps too and no humans!!
@@ezraredgwell humans are best at killing
Ya know, I’ve been to both East Africa and South America, and it really struck me how devoid of large animals the Neotropical grasslands were in comparison to those of Africa and the Holarctic realm. South America once teemed with charismatic megafauna, and now people don’t even realize they used to be there as in other parts of the world. Kind of jarring.
Fam most of the world has lost its megafauna
@@lightningboltt5437 Anytime humans arrived into a new land, the big animals disappear
Bravo! Mammalian paleontology takes often takes a backseat to dinosaurs and meridiungulates are practically ignored altogether. You da man!
I find it amusing humanity in this is represented by patchy.
Your channel is highly underrated compared to the quality of your videos. Thank you for focusing on these less known extinct lineages, and keep up the good work!
2:35 The fact that Thomas Huxley has an animal named after him that's literally just his full name with no space and an extra letter makes me happy for some reason.
I used to believe most of the animals in the ice age movie were invented, but they are based in fossils, even the saber toothed squirrel 😆
Actually, Cronopio, the Sabre tooth squirrel, wasn’t discovered until almost a decade after the first Ice Age film came out, so it’s basically a funny coincidence
a lot of these would make great pets
Macrauchenia actually had a moose-like snout and not an elephantine trunk
that makes sense, but wouldn't that mean they were browsers instead of grazers, as depicted in shows?
@@derekbates4316 Honestly, you shouldn’t be surprised if you were discover that the shows depicting the animal are most likely: *inaccurate.*
@@JellyAntz just like their theories that native Americans are to blame for their disappearance. Honestly, this is the smartest thing anyone on CZcams has said on such topics.
@@derekbates4316 Well, I don’t know much on the relationship between humans and Macrauchenia, but if humans did hunt the animal, then technically it would have been the ancestors or distant relatives of certain South American native peoples.
@@derekbates4316 But “Native Americans” wouldn’t be the whole, bigger picture of the extinction event that affected many more megafaunal lineages.
The evolutionary relationships of merdiungulates is unknown, since it originated in South America it may actually be classified within Atlantogenata, making them closer to armadillos, sloths, anteaters, aardvarks, hyraxes, elephant shrews, tenrecs, otter shrews, golden moles, elephants, and sirenians than to true hoofed mammals.
Is that why a lot of them have snout/trunk?
Maybe all members of meridiungulata may be a part of atlatogenata as they've been depicted to share similar traits to xenarthrans and afrotheres, such as internalized testicles in males and similar milk composition in females.
This channel is fantastic, great content as always! Very informative.
Faça um video mostrando como cada caracteristica dos mamiferos evoluiu e influenciou a outra. Por exemplo, as fendas no crânio dos sinápsideos permitiu músculos da mandíbula mais fortes (o que permitiu um focinho mais curto), mais espaço para o cérebro aumentar de tamanho, o desenvolvimento do ouvido, mastigação dos alimentos (o que levou a diferenciação dos dentes e permitiu o metabolismo de sangue quente, que também foi facilitado pelo diafragma que permitiu uma respiração melhor), etc.
I once read an obscure newspaper article from a 1920's Argentine newspaper concerning a strange animal that had been shot by some farmers. Its description was very similar to a Toxodon.
Enjoyed the video, meridiungulata has always interested me especially given the taxonomic questions surrounding them. A video covering some metatherians such as sparassodonta or the various extinct marsupials of Australia would be interesting!
Love it! This channel is SO rad.
Oh boy it's here! I waited in anticipation for this one, there are very few videos about this group of animals!
0:21
Peccaries: Are we a joke to you?
Awesome! Ive been waiting for a video dedicated to the Meridiungulata. I don't think any other palaeohistory channel has made a video dedicated to them
Toxodontids have adapted very well to grassland habitat that was spreadung in the latter part of the Ceneozoic. They evolved cheek teeth that grew continuously to help with shearing.
On the other hand astrapotheres and pyrotheres remained restricted to forests, though their teeth were also pretty weird.
I wonder what these animals had wrong with their noses really. Macrauchenia with trunk/moose like nostrils, some toxodontids (I believe Nesodon) with prehensile upper lip (like a black rhino), Theosodon with it's nostrils facing upwards and of course the trunks of pyrotheres and astrapotheres.
I hope we manage to extract the DNA of the last Toxodontids, it would be great to finally solve their phylogeny and maybe de-extinct them one day.
I need to have one we need to de extinct this puppy
Couple of video ideas I would enjoy seeing is the origins as well as the phylogenetic structure of crocodilians, the split from squamata reptiles and "lizard like" reptiles (e.g. petrolacosaurus) origins of scorpions.... I enjoy these mammal vids but some other clades would be refreshing
I really like your videos
Amazing video!
Super cool! THis was really great.
***Cetaceans as marine ungulates*** Are we a joke to you?
Great video love learning about taxonomy and convergent evolution
Thank you.
Nice video 👍
Thank you!!! Super cool video and info. I like the pictures!! Such odd looking animals … kinda?
It would amazing to see a video about the wildlife of Antarctica 🇦🇶 that went extinct! You mentioned one species briefly
The ancestors were small animals island hopping from North America and Africa, which then gave rise to large placental herbivore forms who precluded the metatherian sparossodonts from filling those ecological niches. The arrival of hystricognant rodents from Africa in the Miocene drove many of the smaller species into extinction because they were better adapted to fill the ecological roles they had occupied. South America’s later Northern arrivals are still unique as they exist nowhere else. Despite the Isthmus of Panama, in many respects thanks to the Andes, South America still remains an island continent.
Not sure why there are 2 down votes as this is an awesome video? Thank you for all your hard work!
Great video, I like the thumbnail with the british people.
Best exemples of convergent evolution
LOL at the picture at :40 -- alas poor Derp-ungulata, you were just too thicc and cheerful for this world.
That was interesting thanks
Imagine being Elephants twice and not being *the* elephants lmao
Good show
Love the comments as well. Such an amazingly smart community! Get to learn from the video and the comments 😁
So many creatures looking like they come from Star Wars movies
Where do you think Lucas got many of his alien creatures from?
This is a superior paleo channel
Lit up, turn up
make a video on the Sthenurinae. they are my favourite extinct animals cuz they're so interesting
What about oarfish? It would be great to see how they evolved.
One of my favorite Permian animals but hardly ever see videos made about it is the Moschops.
I love meridiungulates, mostly because there the main prey of some of my favorite prehistoric predators like the phorusrhacids, sparassodonts, and sebecids.
Make a video about cenozoic terrestrial crocodiles like quinkana and boverisuchus
I think we need to bring back all the extinct Pleistocene Megafauna!!! We need to do it fast, especially South American Megafauna, it will be so cool.
Do you the video about raccoons evolution please I would really love that Christmas has already just ended and I can’t wait until you you know make more videos
I would suggest perhaps the ancient marsupials of Australia.
Music a little too loud
Kinda wish they were still alive wit us
Woow
I would like to hear about the origin of Hyper Carnivores and how they diverged today
Can you do the Nimravidae
I have came to believe in convergent evolution. There seems to be preferred forms that thing tend to move into. A niche thing. Like a built in program to move towards certain forms.
Which makes humanoids that are entirely unrelated to us plausible
@@SoulDelSol Yes and explains why so many different monkeys and apes.
Please do a topic on cichild fish or even characidae fish. Cichlids are found in the Americas and Africa while the characidae are found in South America and Africa. A well known characid fish is the piranha and a majority of freshwater aquarium fish.
Great content & super interesting. To tell you the truth-so sick of dinosaurs (I had 4 boys...that's part of the culture). 65-33 million years ago was the most fascinating time in prehistory. Thanks.
My favorite animals are eagles 🦅 harpy and Philippine eagle. It would be amazing if you could have a video about the Haast's eagle 🦅 of New Zealand
Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis.
Prehistoric turtles
I tought these animals are related to horses
They clearly looked like rhinos without horns or/and tusks.
Hear me out… A chicken but with hooves.
Would it taste good?
@@lets_fish_already_9345 The chicken part; probably. The hoof part; not as much.
I love the Ice Age movie
Litopterns also went extinct during the Early Holocene.
Can you do animals of india during the palegene
A video on the future with human impact to cause again thermal maximum ( as in paleogene Neogene)
Humans are always the reason (sad emoji)
i want to see the origin of animal and got touhou remix as bonus
ok make a video about mammals just after the great dinosaur extension.
sorry for being tut please
Too much music. Noise
That's a LATA different species
guanacos not camels
Audio is way too low. Had to skip.. Hopefully better next episode.
when did hoofed mammals first started to appear?
When they stepped onto the earth.
In Paleocene
It's funny because now there are no big mammals in South America
Except Escobars Hippos
Only because of humans. Same with Australia.
Edit: Also, some megafauna such as tapirs and jaguars survived, though granted they’re descended from North American stock.
vista, ca
ok
that is irrelevant, irrelevancy, irrelevance not relevant and has nothing to do with the topic, subject, topic matter, subject matter of the video at hand ,
Too bad they didn't last longer. It looks like some could have been domesticated.
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The Thumbnail:
"And he's doing that face again. Tim. TIM! I KNOW YOURE DOING THAT FACE! Can you like, chill? It wasn't funny the first time and it isn't funny now."
"pales in comparison to other continents such as Asia and Africa"...
Yeah sure...
Check the following 2 statements to see why the one in the video is... Well... Not really fair..
"the US has a great many inhabitants, yet it pales in comparison to other countries such as China and India"...
" the bronze medalist did an excellent job, and yet it pales in comparison to other contenders such as the silver and gold medalists..."
South America actually has a great number of hoofed mammals. Due to recent discoveries and modern dna testing, it has actually been growing recently...
So we have 2 camelids (plus 2, formally at least 3 domestic ones)
3 tapirs (possibly at least 4)
3 peccary species (possibly 4)
And...
At present at least 17 deer species, but possibly many more (more or less evenly distributed among the Andes and the lowlands)
That makes it 25 for certain. Which is obviously more than Australia (0), but also more than North America (12-15) and Europe (the Wikipedia list mentions 20 but uses a very, very broad definition of Europe and includes the muskoxen and przwalski horse...)
So yeah... Pales in comparison to Asia and Africa, but comes in a good third. Not bad at all!
What medal do you suppose this 'analysis' warrants?
@@Dr.IanPlect well... In general it seems to be a good overview (although I would have preferred a better time scale). The suggestion made however was that there are almost no hoofed mammals in modern South America. Which is simply not true. Also, people seem to have an obsession with the idea that modern SA hoofed mammals are somehow foreigners as they came from North America. But if you compare that to Europe for example, you'll find out that 2 to 3 million years in South America, isn't that short of a period at all.
All of this animals are extinct
Isn't pretending fun?
Your pronunciation of Latin gave me a headache.
Woow
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