Consent, Capacity and Jehovah's Witnesses - Medical Ethics & Law for interviews
VloĆŸit
- Äas pĆidĂĄn 24. 07. 2024
- đ Pre-order my book to get an exclusive ticket to The Feel-Good Productivity Annual Planning Workshop!
Website: www.feelgoodproductivity.com/...
Amazon: go.feelgoodproductivity.com/b...
Interview Crash Course Online - courses.aliabdaal.com/intervi....
This video covers the medical ethics/law side of consent. We talk about the 3 components of valid consent, what constitutes 'capacity', how to handle under 18s (Gillick competence) and what to do if a patient lacks capacity.
Timestamps:
00:00 - Introduction
00:29 - 30 second summary
01:47 - Introductory case - Re MB
04:01 - The 3 components of valid consent
04:19 - Voluntary consent
05:53 - Informed consent + Bolam Test + Montgomery
10:55 - Competent consent
12:49 - Consent in under 18s + Gillick competence
17:05 - What to do if a patient lacks capacity
18:05 - Advance Directives and LPAs
21:06 - Best interests decisions
24:01 - Summary
6med:
6med is a company that my friends and I have been running since 2013. We've taught courses on interviews, BMAT and UKCAT to ~5,000 students with glowing reviews. As we graduate from medical school and become real doctors, we didn't want our course material to go to waste, so we're making CZcams videos on everything we know and releasing them over time.
If you'd like to check out the courses, or our online BMAT/UKCAT question banks, check out 6med.co.uk.
6med Interview Crash Course - 6med.co.uk/interview-crash-co...
6med MMI Crash Course - 6med.co.uk/mmi-crash-course
Who am I:
I'm Ali, a junior doctor working in Cambridge, UK. I make videos about medicine, technology, productivity and lifestyle design. I also have a weekly podcast with my brother ( / notoverthinking , and I write a weekly email newsletter that contains some quick thoughts + links to interesting things (aliabdaal.com/newsletter/).
đ Sign up to my weekly email newsletter - aliabdaal.com/newsletter/
đ My website / blog - www.aliabdaal.com
đMy weekly podcast - / notoverthinking
đž Instagram - / aliabdaal
đŠ Twitter - / aliabdaal
đź Twitch - / aliabdaal
đŹ My online course on video editing - skl.sh/32TpEvm
đ„ My CZcams Camera Gear - kit.co/AliAbdaal
![Medical School Interview Question - Jehovahâs Witnesses [Transfusing Blood]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/M44pRmdO0KE/mqdefault.jpg)
the female daughters not the male daughters bit got me so bad lol. Love these vids, great info !
I have no idea how could anyone unlike your videos. Please pass on my thanks and wishes to Charlotte and Molly. They are so sweet and love their laugh at the end đđ i love the whole format of your videos. You guys are really put some amazing work out. Goodluck and lots of loveđ€â€â€â€
Watching this 3 hours before my Cambridge Medicine interview. Thanks Ali, Molly and Charlotte, for a most useful resource!
Howâd it go
@@biosentinel9434 I got in! :)
msz Congrats !!
haha im doing the exact same thing now
@@robynward4800 let me know if you want to chat about the interview and best of luck!
I am a registrar is Australia sitting my interviews to get onto a training program. Your topics are relevant still to my work today. Well done. I am sure you will all go far :) Keep up the good work!!!
Legit best video ever watched in my life so clear you guys are legends. My interview is on Wednesday đ
Although I am not a doctor, having to watch this video really helps me understanding this particular topic for my final exam. Thank you so much.. For both Molly and Charlotte, i love ur accent.
đđđđ
literally reading a book on medical ethics at the moment. this couldn't have come at a better time! THANK YOU AS ALWAYS!! So so happy you're making these :)
Yep, a very short introduction! I thought it would be good for the basics/a general overview but it's actually quite detailed as well!
@@user-pq7nx6uq5r Hey! Preparing now for the interviews, so was just wondering, did the book help? Thank you in advance!
@@rakshaaiyappan8193 hey! not sure how useful it was for interviews but it was interesting and i got my offers! Good luck :)
you deserve way more subscribers! keep on doing what you're doing - i'm an aspiring doctor from australia and the valuable insight you provide regarding both the strenuous application process and life as a medical student has really fuelled my motivations to pursue a career in a field that, at times, can tend to appear so enigmatic and unattainable haha
Acknowledging that your videos sharing interview and assessment tips get far lesser views than those with catchy titles or ones about the iPad - I thank you whole heartedly for continuing to produce this type of content and uploading it here free off charge. These are really helpful to Medicine Applicants, like myself. :)
So helpful!
Concepts that are relatively complex explained in a pleasant, wonderful and refreshing way. đ
This was a great video especially because the consent area was a bit confusing for me so this really helped for preparing for my interview! Would love to see a video on the Charlie Gard case as well :) Thank you for making these videos as they really help!
Having watched your previous videos and now returning to youtube to look for resources regarding medical law seeing this upload has made me extremely happy! Interview on Monday... Thanks for everything!
Also, would you have any specific advice, over and above what you normally preach, for a postgraduate rather than undergraduate interview?
Hi Ali! I have spent today preparing and discussing ethical situations and have a few, unfortunately largely semantic, questions:
1: Does an under-16 or 16/17 year old lack the legal right to refuse ANY treatment, regardless of the severity of their ailment or the nature of the treatment? Ie: even the relatively inconsequential?
2: If a 16/17 year old refuses treatment and their parent's ALSO refuse treatment what happens? Are the parents allowed to refuse on their child's behalf?
3: Similarly, with an under-16 Jehovah's witness refusing a life-saving transfusion, alongside their parents refusal, would you accept the decision or pursue legal routes?
4: Regarding advance directives or LPA's; Presumably details of these included within patient notes? Is this something that would be difficult in emergency settings, perhaps with an unidentified patient or in a situation where time precludes contacting and discussing with the LPA? Would one have to simply act in the patients best interests? Along the same lines, I have heard stories of nurses incorrectly telling doctors a patient in cardiopulmonary arrest that the patient is DNR but had in fact confused two patient's notes - In an emergency situation should one question such possibilities?
These videos really boost my confidence and make me feel so prepared!
Watching a day before my interview
Howâd it go?
Watching an hour before my interview đ„Č
Watching 30 minutes before my interview
Watching a minute before my interview
how did it go?
Can I just say I've watched these before and I rewatched this episode an hour before my cam interview AND THERE WAS A QUESTION SERIES ON CONSENT. So in conclusion thank y'all đđ
"Her laughter is what the world needs."
"And your comment is what youtube needs "
Wonderful explanation Ali , Charlotte and Molly. Accept my gratitude đ
Thank you guys so much!! Have my interview coming up very soon and this has definitely helped the nerves. A video on the Charlie Gard case would be great :)
Thank you :)
Amazing video! So helpful. I have my interview next week
Thank you this was really useful!
literally couldn't have come across this at a better time. Ali and the crew about to be MVP if my interview goes well..lol
Whens your interview? And for what uni? Mine's on the 9th for Cambridge
Have just watched the video in full and it was so informative as usual. It's interesting you brought up the Charlie Gard case too as I think that would be a hot topic at interview. Would love to see a more detailed video on it please! Looking forward to the next one. :)
Oh perfect, thanks guys! I'll read up on it in more detail in advance and then I'll be ready for the video. Have a lovely break and thanks for all of your hard work and effort! :)
Also, I'm just reading up on the opt out organ donation system where consent is deemed/presumed rather than voluntary. Does that make it any less valid as consent should be informed, voluntary and competent?
Agreed! Thanks for the clarification.
www.thestudentroom.co.uk/showthread.php?t=5077520
I've written a bit on the Charlie Gard case, supplemented by some materials if you'd like to see. I'm intrigued as I think had this happened in America, under a fee paying system, I genuinely think it shifts their sight of medical ethics. You suddenly don't have this justice sphere of how much its costing the NHS etc and if the parents are willing to pay to keep baby alive sometimes this shifts the argument. The idea of autonomy in America is much more parent centered than it is child centered, here in the UK.
This is excellent! Keep up the good work!
Thanks for this! Interview tomorrow!
One of my modules at uni is criminal Law so the cases mentioned and anything law related I was like yesss
Great video! Thank you so much!
Very informative, as always! Thank you all. Personally, I could have done without the melodramatic piano accompaniment so that I couldâve focused instead on the subject matter more clearly.
Absolutely superb video!
Yes pls do make a video on the Charlie gard case!
Thanks (again) for the really helpful videos đ
I second that emotion - would be very useful guys
Four videos in in this series my brain is already fried. But awesome content nonetheless! looking forward to other videos!
Thank you for this video! It was very informative! I actually have a question regarding advance directives and LPAs. My dad recently passed away and was in the ICU in a persistent vegetative state for a couple weeks beforehand. He had neither the advance directive nor an LPA, so his healthcare providers turned to us, the family, to make a decision regarding prolonging life or giving comfort care. In your video, you said the healthcare team makes the best interest decision for the patient. Why wouldn't you consult the family, if available, and have a family member make a decision? Is it because sometimes family members can be estranged? Or is it because family members may not agree on who should make the decision? A combination of both? My dad's healthcare providers explained his prognosis to us, what his quality of life would be if he ever woke up, etc. If the family has been informed, shouldn't they make the decision on the patient's behalf? My mom became my dad's power of attorney, and we were able to make a decision on my dad's behalf that we felt he would be happiest with. Should it be assumed the family knows more about what the patient would want in these cases than the doctor would? I apologize if this kind of question was answered in your Charlie Gard video; I am about to go watch that right now. Thank you in advance for answering this question :)
Love your videos, been a fan for over 2 years now and they have been so helpful but if you're open to some benevolent criticism the music in the background is almost too loud and makes it hard to fully focus on what you guys are saying, which is so so valuable so you don't want to miss a word!
Newcastle Panel Interview in 4 hours. Spicy times.
Edit:
It went OK
Oof
did you get in?
@@Ellie-hr7xn Lol same question. Iâm guessing youâre applying there as well!
@@arunsreenivasan2074 Same!
@@arunsreenivasan2074 Same ahhhhh
law student here âïž thanks for the vids Ali
these are so helpful thank you
Thanks a lot, it was really useful.
Thank you! đ
Thanks for the video! Is there one on issues surrounding confidentiality?
Thank you Ali â€
all my interviews are next week please do a video on the junior doctor contract!
Hey, thank you so much for the great video! I have a doubt, what if there is an adult patient who lacks capacity with no AD/LPA, but their parent or partner says that the doctors must take a certain course of action which the doctors think is not in the patients best interests, but they insist this is what the patient would want, what do the doctors do?
very nice information
Could you do one of these videos for the Alfie Evans case?
Really useful
Hi guys - very helpful. look forward to reviewing your other vids.
I (think I) understood your interpretation of the Jehovah's Witness situation - though the example you gave was heavily influenced by maternal pressures. How would you tackle the situation where a devout (and competent) "JW" needed medical treatment that they refused to consent to. Presumably, a doctor cannot override that lack of consent in the patients best interest...if the patient is competent and capable of making a decision..
Hi Ali,please help me approach this question as I am having Ethics exam soon:
(male pt diagnosed with HCV. He doesn't want to to inform his wife about his condition as he fears she'll divorce him and probably he has the disease since a long time and she's probably infected.The doctor agreed on that using which of the following medical Ethics principles:
-Respect pt's autonomy
-Non Maleficence
-Beneficence
-Justice
OMG her laugh at 14:42 was just the smallest, cutest thing ever
Thank you for the L, L
very beautiful thanks
love the content... but that piano is just too intense XD... make it a little bit more happy its making my wife cry haha
When is the next video coming out?
you have great videos on Ethics. What is your view on when parents refuse treatment for children based on religious belief?
Thanks guys for the awesome videos. I still have a question, what if a 14 yo girl goes to doctor and ask for contraceptive pills and asks not to inform her parents?
do we use the Gillick competence to assess the child competency for under 16s?
Thank you so much for this video! You guys are really great!
I am confused about Jehovah's witnesses: imagine that the JW is unconscious in a medical emergency, do not have any Advance Directives or LPAs, should we save the patient's life or respect the belief? For me its so confuse understand/accept that patient can die. ok he is a JW but in a situation of life or death people often put the belief aside and want to live. What should we do? Thanks so much
We had a case of a pregnant lady who had eclampsia ,since she didn't have the capacity to consent ,consent was being taken from her husband who refused for csection ,and the senior doctor let her die .Is it how it is supposed to be??
Are these the same general rules and guidelines for Australia? I know the legislation won't be exactly the same but is everything else?
Watching a day befor my exam
Excellent video. I wish there were no background music.
THANK YOU
king's college mmi in 3 hours. can't wait.
Howâd it go? :)
Fantastic work. Dr Ali you can avoid the back ground noise. You can speak slightly slowly although you are very clear . It sounds like u r rushing .
Thank you for this video!! I am confused about Jehovah's witnesses and under 16s. If an under 16 year old consents to a blood transfusion and you have assessed that they are competent, can a parent who's a Jehovah's witness override their decision? Or is it when a child refuses a treatment, a parent can override it? Sorry I have confused myself
Ali Abdaal thank you!
The female daughters moment is so funny
What's the difference between capacity and competence? Is competence your ability to understand something and capacity defines your ability to make an informed decision...?
Could you make one on decision making in incapacitated adults
Just to be clear, they don't use the BOLAM test anymore?
Does it ever occur that an unintended risk in surgery occurs and a doctor does not have patient consent to act in a life-saving way? If so, would the doctor "act in patient best interest" or have to first consult with a LPA or AD even if under time pressure?
thank you for your response! also thanks for these videos- I cannot express my gratitude to you enough! your videos are so informational and calming and entertaining :)
I'm a physics undergrad but these complex questions and issues when people, community/society, law and science merge... extremely intriguing and no doubt immensely challenging indeed đ€
So Iâm from the US and Iâm not sure if itâs similar, but Iâm curious: if in the U.K., kids under 18 can consent but not refuse, what happens in a case where a parent wants their child to give an organ/blood transfusion/etc to their other child? The child can not refuse this? Thatâs kind of horrible.... in other cases I definitely think this is a reasonable law though
Please help me !!! So Iâm a little confused I have my medical school interview Friday and Iâm so worried about these medical ethical questions !!! I get confused so is a doctor allowed to over ride a patients decision regarding not wanting a treatment ?? even if the treatment is in their best interest ? Secondly , do parents have the final day for deciding their childrenâs medical treatment options ? Letâs say a child wants something but her parents donât or vice versus parents want something for their childâs treatment but the child does not want the treatment what wins ? Please respond
Ali Abdaal thank you so much this cleared up my confusion . Thus, in the case of the pregnant mother refusing a c section which would save her babyâs life ,because she refused the treatment ( the c section ) we just would not do the c section and allow the baby to die? Because she refused and so that would have been based on the patientâs autonomy correct ? Thank you so much your videos have all been super helpful .
Could you argue that the patient was in high distress and thus the withdrawn consent is invalid?
I donât get the diff bt 16-17 and under 16s if both can consent if competent and canât refuse . Whatâs the diff doesnât that mean all under 18s can consent if competent and not refuse ? So theyre all the same
Doctors never tell you anything about medications when they prescribe them. I was prescribed an anti-depressant, and I didn't even know what they were, until I looked them up on the Internet. This seems to be a common theme, when looking on forums, and other people's comments online, with medications in general.
How does this relate to confidentiality? What if someone under 16 presents, and is competent to consent to a procedure, however doesnt want their parents to be informed. Do we afford the same confidentiality as if they were an adult as well? I can imagine parents being very upset if this was the case.
could u do a video on ian paterson, the former surgeon who mutilated those women? it would be a good case to know alongside harold shipman before interview! thanks!
I love these videos and they're super helpful, but could you consider not adding the background music - it puts me to sleep :)
I felt the same
Find it really confusing the term capacity and competence being used interchangeably.
Good video, but, please , would you take out the music? No music at all. please !
The piano music makes it pretty hard to stay focused on the lex.
If a pregnant lady, a day before her due date, refused life-saving treatment that would also kill her baby, what are the ethics concerning the baby? Could doctors intervene in the baby's best interests?
Ali Abdaal, thanks.
the judge still has the right to overrule the bolam test, correct me if I'm wrong
What about in terms of an abortion. If a 16 or 17 year old wanted to keep the baby but the parents wanted her to get an abortion? Or the other way around where the 16 year old wanted the abortion or the parent wants the baby? Do the parents override the childâs rights in this case?
Thanks for the great video, could you please remove the music or do not use it in your next videos? It impedes my ability to critically think while listening to the piano track arousing my emotions. Thank you.
Law students hearing The Mental Capacity Act was "written" in 2005, instead of "enacted" or "recieved Royal assent" is like... đłđ”đź
But you guys did well x
Who asked?
What kind of things can someone do to show their passionate about medicine that can you make you stand out from other applicants that is academic?
Thank you for the video, great one, but damn... The music is so bloody annoying and loud.
So what's the go with the pregnant woman who refuses the needle at the last moment??
also wondering
Really useful video but background music is really annoying đ
Good video with great content however please talk more slowly!!
am i the only one getting weird music in the background of this video
WHY IS THAT DRAWER OPEN IN THE BACKGROUND! Making it so hard to concentrate on anything else!
On an unrelated note: Molly is so beautiful it really made it quite hard to focus.
Hahaha thanks Dylan! Hope you found the video useful even so :)
Yeah it did! I plan on attending medical school in the U.S so I feel like many of the specifics don't transfer over (such as Fraser guidelines and Gillick competence) but these videos have been great at getting me to think about biomedical ethics in general.
any non-medical students here just watching the video as a philosophy class
The background music is very irritating.
paul Maine shut up Paul bastard
@@nonamesleft9699 you the biggest one
video would have been way better without the piano in the background!! i want to hear the knowlege and information not the piano! way too distracting
Uzma Altaf are you serious? Give constructive criticism please. Its not hard to show appreciation for the vast amount of info and work gone to make this video.
@@CuteElegance there there ! There is no need to be alarmed. I have given my opinion. I didn't say the content was terrible. In fact the content was amazing. It's just a shame the piano is distracting. Topics like ethics are complicated and distracting music doesn't help
Sorry seems to be the hardest wordđŒ
Enjoyed your video but, please talk slower!
That background music is soo damn annoying. Good content but that just so damn annoying.
I enjoy your videos but holy shit!! You need to talk a little SLOWER! Please!
You American. Listen on 0.75
đșđșMY KINGDOM MINISTRY FOR MY GOD JEHOVAH AND JESUS CHRISTđșđș
I know Jehovah witnesses have been taught a lie that heaven is meant for a 144,000 people... but the only place that there's a specific number mentioned of those who go to heaven is in Revelation and it gives a number of 144000 to go to heaven for specific purpose to be Kings and priests for a 1000 years(but notice 1st Corinthians comes before revelation we read the Bible from front to back not Back to front)...
JW's have been taught 1st Corinthians is only addressed to the 144,000(or the annointed) but notice in 1st Corinthians 1 who Paul is directing this letter to
1st Corinthians 1:2
to the congregation of God that is in Corinth, to you who have been sanctified in union with Christ Jesus, called to be holy ones, together with all those everywhere who are calling on the name of our Lord Jesus Christ..(we know the holy ones are the annoited but he also added in, "together with all those everywhere who are calling on the name of the Lord Jesus Christ" so this is for everybody who calls on the name of the Lord Jesus Christ, this is who this letter is addressed to
skip to
1st Corinthians 6:10
thieves, greedy people, drunkards, revilers, and extortioners WILL NOT INHERIT GODâS KINGDOM(all servants of Jehovah will inherit God's Kingdom, that's our goal to get into that Kingdom)
skip ahead to
1st Corinthians 15:44
It is sown a physical body; it is raised up a spiritual body. If there is a physical body, there is also a spiritual one(the scripture says if there is a physical body there is a spiritual one that is a definite)
1st Corinthians 15
However, what is spiritual is not first. What is physical is first, and afterward what is spiritual. 47 The first man is from the earth and made of dust; the second man is from heaven(it says that our first life is from the earth, our second life is from heaven, although we will still inherit the Earth because the Bible says that but just like Jesus could transfigure a spiritual body on the mountain, as a perfect person, showing us that it can be done as a perfect person, we will also be able to form a spiritual body once we have perfected our physical bodies...have you ever thought about what the tree of life was supposed to do for Adam and Eve? We could have lived forever without ever eating from the tree of Life. Jehovah God said the only reason why Adam and eve died is because they ate from the tree of knowledge (what was the tree of life supposed to accomplish?)
JEHOVAH tells us:
Genesis 3:22
Jehovah God then said: âHere the man has become like one of us in knowing good and bad. Now in order that he may not put his hand out and take fruit also from the tree of life and eat and live forever(THE REAL LIFE is ACTUALLY the SPIRITUAL LIFE, that's how we become TRULY ALIVE)
skip ahead to
1Corinthians 15
And just as we have borne the image of the one made of dust, we will bear also the image of the heavenly one. 50 But I tell you this, brothers, that flesh and blood cannot inherit Godâs Kingdom,(now remember we're supposed to inherit God's kingdom but the Bible says FLESH AND BLOOD CAN NOT INHERIT GOD'S KINGDOM so that right there tells you you're going to get a spiritual body in order to inherit God's Kingdom (because we know Jehovah can't lie(Titus1:2) because there will be more trees of life in the recreation(Mt 19:28; Re 22:14)
Skip ahead to Revelation now..
Revelation 7
After this I saw, and look! a great crowd, which no man was able to number, out of all nations and tribes and peoples and tongues, standing before the throne and before the Lamb, dressed in white robes; and there were palm branches in their hands. 10 And they keep shouting with a loud voice, saying: âSalvation we owe to our God, who is seated on the throne, and to the Lamb.(remember when Jesus transfigured himself on the mountain he was in a "white robe"(we know a lot of Revelation is symbolic)
Revelation 7:14
These are the ones who come out of the great tribulation, and THEY HAVE WASHED THEIR ROBES and MADE THEM WHITE in the blood of the Lamb(KEEP THIS SCRIPTURE IN MIND)
Revelation 21:10
So he carried me away in the power of the spirit to a great and lofty mountain, and he showed me the holy city Jerusalem coming down out of heaven from God...It had a great and lofty wall and had 12 gates with 12 angels at the gates, and on the gates were inscribed the names of the 12 tribes of the sons of Israel. 13 On the east were three gates, and on the north three gates, and on the south three gates, and on the west three gates.(notice where the city and the gates are, they are in heaven, actually earth is just supposed to be God's garden, the city is in heaven)
Revelation 22:14
Happy are those who wash their robes, so that they may have authority to go to the trees of life and that they may gain entrance into the city through its gates..( notice Who gains access to the city (heaven) and it's gates(the entrance to heaven), THOSE WHO WASHED THEIR ROBES.(Re 7:14) We know those who did that came out of the great tribulation. During one of the drama movies in the assembly(Summer of 2020 Friday session) she pointed out to her student(Jade, Like Jaded) that there is no hunger, death, or pain in heaven...but we know Jesus actually hungered, felt pain and could be killed on Earth and he was perfect flesh and blood, so in order for the people on the Earth to be able to not hunger or die we would have to obtain spiritual bodies because only in heaven do they not hunger die or feel pain... Jesus was are roadmap, he was born, he was baptized, he died, but then he came back as spiritual creature and made himself known or let himself be seen to those he wanted... because also remember Jesus says in the resurrection we are as Angels (Angels are spiritual creatures)
Matthew 22
In reply Jesus said to them: âYou are mistaken, because you know neither the Scriptures nor the power of God; 30 for in the resurrection neither do men marry nor are women given in marriage, but they are as angels in heaven Regarding the resurrection of the dead, have you not read what was spoken to you by God, who said: 32 âI am the God of Abraham and the God of Isaac and the God of Jacobâ? He is the God, not of the dead, but of the living( You know Jesus can't lie and faithful servants of Jehovah and followers of Jesus Christ are supposed to be resurrected if we die, just as Jesus came back as the Angels are(in the spiritual form) after he was put to death, all baptized Christians will come back as the Angels are and if they are not baptized they'll be resurrected during the 1000 years so they can be baptized so they can then get that spiritual body to be as the angels... because the Bible also says in Revelation that not everybody's gets resurrected during a thousand years, there are some that come to life after the thousand years where ended
Revelation 20
And they came to life and ruled as kings with the Christ for 1,000 years. 5 (THE REST OF THE DEAD DID NOT COME TO LIFE UNTIL THE 1,000 YEARS WERE ENDED.)
Matthew 5:8
Happy are the pure in heart, since they will see God.(Jesus already told us servants of Jehovah will actually see God and Jesus can't lie just like Jehovah can't tell a lie and the Bible is God's word)
â€ïžâ€ïžGalatians 5 On the other hand, the fruitage of the spirit is LOVE, JOY, PEACE, PATIENCE, KINDNESS, GOODNESS, FAITH, 23 MILDNESS, SELF-CONTROL. Against such things there is NO LAWâ€ïžâ€ïž
Proverbs 17:17
đ€A TRUE FRIEND SHOWS LOVE AT ALL TIMES..đ€
đĄJames 4:12đĄ
12There is only one who is Lawgiver and Judge, the one who is able to save and to destroy. But you, who are you to be judging your neighbor?
Isaiah 2:22
đFor your own sakes, quit trusting in mere man,Who is only the breath in his nostrils. Why should he be taken into account?đ