The Size of the Universe: In Stages
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- čas přidán 9. 06. 2024
- I’ve looked at the very small scale of the universe, what about if I go the other way and have a look at the large scale of the universe, what is out there? Lets find out more.
I’m going to start off with the SI base unit of length, the metre. I’ll try and do as many conversions to imperial units as I can, but I’ll stop once we get to light years. I’m going to go up in scale looking at both the size of objects and distances involved as we go from the metre upwards. This is also going to be my longest video to date, so bring snacks. Let’s get on shall we.
So to start we have the metre. This is 3.28 feet and the standard length measurement in the SI system. It was originally defined as 1, 10 millionth of the distance from the north pole to the equator. After a number of redefinitions, it was finally defined in 1983 as the distance light travels in 1 over 299 792 458 ths of a second. In fact we’ve now set the speed of light so that any revisions of the speed of light wouldn’t change the speed of light itself, they’d alter the size of a metre.
Chapters
0:00 Introduction
0:42 The Metre
3:39 1 Kilometre
6:11 1000 Kilometres
9:16 1 million Kilometres
11:39 1 Billion Kilometres
15:13 1 Trillion Kilometres
16:04 1 Light Year (roughly)
22:32 1000 Light Years
26:09 1 Million Light Years
29:58 1 Billion Light Years
Dimorphos Image Credit By NASA/Johns Hopkins APL - www.nasa.gov/feature/dart-s-f... (image link); original upload from dart.jhuapl.edu/Gallery/ (image link), Public Domain, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Map of Tethys
NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute
Map of Rhea
NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute
Map of Triton
NASA/JPL-Caltech/Lunar & Planetary Institute
Map of the moon
NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio
Map of Io
US Geological Survey Astrogeology Research Program
Map of Ganymede
A Map of GanymedeNASA (original photographies)/Björn Jónsson/Feldo, CC BY-SA 4.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/..., via Wikimedia Commons
Jewel Bug Nebula Image
NASA, ESA, and J. Kastner (RIT) esahubble.org/images/heic2011c/
Helix Nebula Image
NASA, ESA, C.R. O'Dell (Vanderbilt University), M. Meixner and P. McCullough (STScI)
Crab Nebula image
By NASA, ESA, J. Hester and A. Loll (Arizona State University) - HubbleSite: gallery, release., Public Domain, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Veil Nebula Image
NASA, ESA, Hubble Heritage Team esahubble.org/images/heic1520a/
Tarantula nebula
IMAGE: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Webb ERO Production Team webbtelescope.org/contents/me...
Sextans A Image
KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA
Data obtained and processed by: P. Massey (Lowell Obs.), G. Jacoby, K. Olsen, & C. Smith (AURA/NSF)
Image processing: T.A. Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage/NSF’s NOIRLab), M. Zamani (NSF’s NOIRLab) & D. de Martin (NSF’s NOIRLab)
Triangulum Galaxy Image
ESO www.eso.org/public/images/eso...
Sombrero Galaxy Image
NASA/ESA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) esahubble.org/images/opo0328a/
Hoag’s Object
By NASA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA); Acknowledgment: Ray A. Lucas (STScI/AURA) - hubblesite.org/newscenter/arch..., Public Domain, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
NGC 404 (Mirach’s Ghost) Galaxy
en:NASA, en:STScI, en:WikiSky, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
M81 Image
By NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) - www.spacetelescope.org/images/... (very high quality ([cdn.spacetelescope.org/archives/images/screen//heic0710a.jpg JPEG file] 346 MB)
hubblesite.org/newscenter/arch... (direct link), Public Domain, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Sloan Great Wall Image
Pablo Carlos Budassi, CC BY-SA 4.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/..., via Wikimedia Commons
GN-z11 image
NASA, ESA, P. Oesch (Yale University), G. Brammer (STScI), P. van Dokkum (Yale University), and G. Illingworth (University of California, Santa Cruz)
hubblesite.org/contents/news-... see also www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/... and www.spacetelescope.org/images/... - Věda a technologie
As a wheelchair user, I genuinely, whole-heartedly appreciate your inclusion of me in the explanation of a meter!!
Thank you. I know some wheelchair users so felt it would be good to be as inclusive as possible.
Huhh. aaaaaaaaaawaaaaaaaaaaaa
@@LearningCurveScience people like me are still missing. mine is smaller than 1m . (I don´t walk "normal") Just kidding, it´s fine.
This is a really well-made size comparison, it felt somewhat grounded and imaginable.
Yes! I could actually grasp the ideia of size of the majority of descriptions. School should teach like this.
space and time is infinite means these are all the same size
It is a nice presentation, but we cannot possibly imagine the vast distances in the universe because we have never experienced interstellar travel or even intergalactic travel, theres just nothing like it in our human experience on earth.
To be honest the thought of that kind of travel depresses me, anyone who has travelled for days at sea will tell you it can get very depressing seeing nothing for miles in every direction and still there you have the ocean under you. When you are in space theres nothing, absolutely nothing for billions of miles in all directions, think about that.
@@bumblebeme Thats just your opinion. The FACT is we don't know if it is infinite. Also we are talking the size of objects and distance of these objects. So relative to us none of it is the same at all. Im just not sure why you or others decide to state something as fact so confidently when you have no way of knowing.
@@blakepuhlman6466 mathematics and physics fall apart at the big bang. So take your pick you want physics or big bang can't have both.
Extraordinary in terms of narrative clarity, comparisons of extremes of time, stellar size, and distance, and the breathtaking span of our visible universe. If I wasn't before, I am most definitely convinced that uncountable civilizations are out there. Maybe they are watching their own local video provider and also being filled with wonder as we speak.
…and how many civilisations have already come and gone, just like we will…eventually! Just think of all the culture that has come and gone since the Big Bang…how many alien “Mozart’s”, “Elvis’s”, “Beatles’ ”….”Van Gogh’s”, “Picasso’s” and “Justin Beiber’s” will no one ever know existed…..
It hasn't been a week since i heard, that Ton 618 isn't the biggest known Black Hole anymore and you have it in Video already...
Your Videos are so well made and deserve more attention.
Thank you very much. I try my best.
@@LearningCurveScience and that is appreciated!
i was going to comment that Ton 618 was the biggest kown black hole but i guess we learn things everyday
@@LearningCurveScience WHAT IS GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent, AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE) !!! BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand. GREAT !!!
WHAT IS GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. (WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent.) Consider what is the man (AND THE EYE ON BALANCE) who IS standing on WHAT IS THE EARTH/ground, AS touch AND feeling BLEND; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE !!! BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand.
WHAT IS GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent, AS “mass"/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent WITH/AS what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY; AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE (ON BALANCE). INDEED, GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE); AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE !!! The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent !!! Accordingly, ON BALANCE, THE PLANETS (including what is THE EARTH) sweep out equal areas in equal times. Consider TIME (AND time dilation) ON BALANCE.
WHAT IS E=MC2 is taken directly from F=ma, AS TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE). WHAT IS GRAVITY IS, ON BALANCE, an INTERACTION that cannot be shielded or blocked. WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent !!!
CLEARLY, gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites (ON BALANCE); as the stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. Consider TIME (AND time dilation) ON BALANCE.
INDEED, TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual ON/IN BALANCE; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is CLEARLY AND NECESSARILY proven to be gravity (ON/IN BALANCE) !!! GREAT !!!
ACCORDINGLY, ON BALANCE, the rotation of WHAT IS THE MOON matches the revolution. GREAT !!!
WHAT IS E=MC2 IS dimensionally consistent. GREAT !!!
It is a very great truth that the SELF represents, FORMS, and experiences a COMPREHENSIVE approximation of experience in general by combining conscious and unconscious experience. INDEED, the INTEGRATED EXTENSIVENESS of THOUGHT AND description is improved in the truly superior mind. BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand.
By Frank Martin DiMeglio
This dropped on the same day as the history of the universe, so two great channels dropped at the same time. Thanks for another fantastic upload. I have mentioned your channel on their channel as well as mentioned them on yours. The more views science channels get the more the CZcams algorithm might recommend them to more and more people.
I didn't know that.
This channel is such a gem! Keep up the awesome work!
This deserved 30 minutes of explanation, minimum. A wonderful yet truly under scaled journey of what the F**k is beyond that, and it is incomprehensible to our daily scale. Well done.
YES! A new Learning Curve vid!
This is one of the absolute best channels of this type out there. You have a great talent for explaining sometimes difficult concepts in easy-to-grasp terms, and I can't tell you how many times, after watching one of your videos, I've said to myself, "FINALLY I get that!" (as in, Finally I get what the Planck length is, or Planck time etc.) and all in a friendly, homey, Liverpudlian voice that reassures you that these enormous scientific puzzles will be explained carefully and clearly.
Bravo, man. You do fantastic work. I'm so glad I discovered your channel.
Thank you very much. Unfortunately this video took ages to make. I'm glad you enjoy them.
@@LearningCurveScience Worth the wait. And it's beyond mere enjoyment---there's great educational value in what you do. Greatly appreciated.
Your channel deserves a lot more subscribers and I am sure it will grow over time - excellent stuff!
Amazing and very well made! It’s cool that you took the time to go through the metric scale using each power of 10 and didn’t make any very drastic jumps. That’s very much needed to keep things in perspective as you go from something already enormous to something that dwarfs that multiple times!
Ive seen probably every space comparison ever made since youtube started. This is by far the best, in depth and entertaining one ive seen, also comparing bodies ive never heard of or seen before. Fantastic job.
We got a size lesson and a math lesson in the bargain (look at the power of exponential growth-a mere 10 to the 27th power of meters stretches beyond the observable universe). If I had one criticism of this wonderful journey, I’m wondering how it would have looked if we started at Planck lengths and powered up from there…but then that may have added another 8 hours of video time :)
Thank you very much. Starting at the Planck length would probably made this well over an hour. I have done the Planck length before if you haven't watched that one.
@@LearningCurveScience oh i absolutely have seen the Planck length video (multiple times). You’re awesome. Doing what i can to grow your channel
10²⁷.... You don't want me to pass out now, do you? 😆
I missed the scale where you noted the average distance I always seem to have to park from any given restaurant I need to get to and then all of a sudden you were noting the diameters of red giant stars. The universe is indeed vast. Thanks for another fascinating video!
Thank you 🙏
What I love the most about your channel is that there is no annoying background music. You speak fluently and very clear. Please keep up the good work. I have learned a lot from you.
Very entertaining and informative! Thank you!! 🎉🎉
It's always breaks my brain when I remember that black holes are collapsed stars that are as dense as possible, but the biggest black holes are way bigger than stars.
More massive than some galaxies...
Technically all black holes are the same size (the singularity is infinitely small), it's just that the event horizon changes gets bigger depending on the mass of the singularity
I am so glad this video didn't dive into the realm of 'if I shrunk the universe down to the size of the earth then the largest star would be the size of a proton" - most youtubers who are making size comparisons that are as equally impossible to fathom as the numbers themselves. Your approach is the best way to try and have the human brain truly understand the enormity of the universe because you just show the actual objects and their comparable sizes in increments that are logically understandable
Big fan of the dune saga, never knew that Canopus was imagined as the star of Arakis. Thank you for putting in the effort for this comparison. A lot of folks really don’t seem to understand how massive the universe seems to be.
As a massive Dune fan myself I've been wanting to get Canopus into a video for such a long time.
Wolf 359... as a Star Trek fan, thanks for using it. Some great lore there.
I actually started making a video about the star but never finished it. I must get round to it someday
Great video, lots of information presented very well. Love the longer format too!
Thank you for putting in feet and miles for us in the U.S. It helps, although when we get to light years my feeble brain starts going in circles. Thanks for your very informative videos.
Thank you very much for your support
Well done man, great take on the 'scale of x to x' video! Also, fantastic first long-man video...your style fits well with longer content, I hope it turns out to be worth it enough to do more longer videos!
Thanks very much. My next few will be a bit shorter (the long ones take ages to make), but I have a few longer video ideas rattling round my head.
I gotta say I love these kinds of videos. The way you break it down is so relaxing and entertaining while also thought provoking too! :D
Glad you like them!
Thank you for the extra effort spent converting everything up to the light year for us Yanks. Great video!
Oh, I love that you gave a wheelchair wheel distance conversion. Well done 🎉🎉❤
Wow, this is underrated video/channel
- Thanks for this,
from Karnataka, India
Great video! Can really put things into perspective, even though it's impossible to even imagine the size of the observable universe. Mind blowing.
How profound! Perhaps there are some world leaders that could benefit from watching your excellent presentation, so as to be humbled in the presence of such scales of magnitude...
Found you a few days ago and yes, binge watching and subscribed. Well presented content, please make more :)
Great content thank you. This is the kind of content that should be shown in learning institutions. Honest unbiased reality. Well done to those who created this work of art.
Fabulous presentation! Loved it. You have done great work with this video. Instant Subscriber! Hope this video goes far and wide and the inspiration of wonder and curiosity is felt by millions. Congrats 🤩
Wow, I wasn't expecting for an almost 33 minutes long video. Let's watch now, but I have no doubt that it will bring a great content
Fantastic presentation. Others have already expressed why, so I'll just express my gratitute.
Thank you so much. I'm glad you enjoyed it.
the best videos on astronomy, thank you!
What an absolutely fascinating video, beautifully animated. Delighted to have been suggested your channel by YT, and very pleased to be a new subscriber.
Thank you very much and welcome aboard
Thank you again for these well presented videos, always a pleasure
Many thanks for your continued support
Absolutely brilliant channel
absolutely love the channel!
Fascinating.... Thank You!
Very well done sir 👍 I really enjoyed this!
Thank you Billy!
Thank you for this video. It is seriously well made and i cant wait for tonight to fall asleep to it
My mind is happily BLOWN!
Excellent video, will be showing it to my kids over the net couple of days. Many thanks.
Thank you, I hope they enjoy it.
Fantastic. Glad I have found your channel.
what a beautifully made video, thank you very much for your effort!
Thank you very much!
It took me almost more than hour to finish this video coz every 10X happening and I’ve to pause and adjust my mind to think about it and then carry on.
One of the finest Video to understand the actual enormous size of the visible universe.
And imagine what happens if this visible universe is just a nano fraction of something else. My god my brain is bursting.
Kudos to ancient legends who literally figured it out without any tech.
Also Thank You for this video, I can now explain it someone else with ease.
Thank you so much. I'm glad you enjoyed the video and appreciate all the people who take the time to leave comments. This was quite an epic video and I learned a lot along the way.
Thank you so much! My favorite moments when you put big stars inside our solar system
Which is precisely where they DON'T belong.
Very cool! and easy to follow.
Wonderful to watch this...✨
Well done. Clearly a lot of work.
great work... my mind is scrambled now
And just like that you have a new subscriber, really enjoyed this video mate.
Thank you and welcome aboard!
some of the words you say and how you say them i love
Earned a subscriber, great video!
Wonderful. Thank you!! 💫 🔭👀
What a well made video, the graphics are amazing
Thank you I'm glad you like them. They did take a while to get right.
The Universe is over twice as small as it is large.
Thanks for using Imperial measurements too.
This is really cool 😎 just how incredibly big the universe is!!!!! 😮
This was brilliant - bravo
Thank you so much
Fantastic, if not a bit too quick to sufficiently take it all in. And equally as fascinating (and humbling) as the size scale of the universe is the time scale of the universe.
As more and more evidence pours in, it appears that the universe is older, possibly much older than we thought. Indeed, it just might be timeless, existing in a steady state of creation and destruction. Those massive super clusters could not have organized themselves in a mere 13.8 billion years.
Isn't it amazing how the creator organized our universe? - Sorry, just kidding. I just couldn't help myself....
When you consider that a quark, the smallest thing we know to exist, is still between 16-17 orders of magnitude larger than the Planck length, the smallest imaginable diistance, there may be much more universe contained within the very small of which we're not aware.
Ohhh bring snacks. I’m new to this channel but I like what I hear …. Lemme get some snacks….
What an incredible video
Your description of Sextans A with its triggered super novae is exactly what Larry Niven described as happening at the core of the Milky Way in "Ringworld." I hope we don't have to leave our region of space like the Pierson's Puppeteers before the shock wave reaches us 😁
This video is awesome.
After an explanation of the second black hole - measurement became incomprehensible to me. They are numbers and symbols chiming in my head like an ambient melody. Though I have one question: how long for a human at current rocket propellant technology to travel 1 light year? If I understand that I may get a handle on the rest of this wonderful subject matter. It really is mind blowing. Thank you.👍🏻
I am so glad you stopped playing music in the background of your videos
It's hard to figure out which has the bigger implications: that the universe is finite in size, or it is infinite.
I wish that someone would turn something like this into VR game where you could change your size
I just thought of a fun “short” you could do. Listing how many of various objects it takes to reach the moon from the earth. It would be super fun! 🎉
That's a really cool idea, thank you
Great stuff! The only thing I would really change is the statement about our Sun being an average star. This is actually no longer the case. It seems like it’s actually bigger than average. The average star in the universe are apparently red /brown dwarf sized. Indeed, it seems like our Sun is also little bit special compared to others of similar spectral type (G type). It seems to be quieter and calmer compared to other G type stars.
Yes I think what would have been more accurate in hindsight is that it is an average sized star. Not very big and not very small.
OMG I've never seen that largest mammal - he looks so cute and happy!!
Thank you for doing this video that I ask you, excellent 👍.
Glad you like it and thanks for the suggestion!
By the end of this I had forgotten about Putin and his war against Ukraine. We are but a tiny budding of consciousness in a miniscule corner of our universe. So tiny that we disappear after the first few orders of distance in this journey, yet still amazing and powerful enough to conceptualise our own existence in this vast context. I love that when astronomers peer beyond the boundaries of the known universe and ask what lies beyond they are perfectly happy to answer "....we don't know" because this means there is more to learn and more to know. Long may we continue to not know and thrill to the challenge of finding out. Thank you for this presentation. Subbed!
Thank you and I'm glad you enjoyed it.
I love watching shit like this, extremely humbling.
Really enjoyable content, amazing to think how powerful are our telescopes to capture these Images so far away.
That was a great journey. Thank you. I didn't know that some galaxies could be as large as 1 million light years. Wonder how many stars are in such a thing.
100,000,000,000. But it's just a guess :)
@@kennycube5126 i just wonder where did all this matter come into being and how insignificant everything on Earth or in our life is! This could make some folks a hermit, a Saadhu potentially. :)
@@ranjittyagi9354 To answer your 4 questions, 1) Here 2) Totally 3) Yes 4) Yes. Remember small is smaller than big is big :)
@@kennycube5126 😆 so all is well except, I just noted I wrote "where" in my question instead of "how"! That was quite embarrassing, lol.
@@ranjittyagi9354 I know, I was just teasing😆 But Ranjit, questions are good. Keep asking them. When you have a singularity and inflation happens you get all this matter. Good isn't it? It Includes you & me and everything...
Awesome video
Glad you enjoyed it
nice one
0:39 the most threatening way ive been told to bring snacks.
Although 243 Ida looks like a potato, it was not named after the ORE-IDA potato company. In Greek mythology, Ida was a nymph of Crete who raised the god Zeus. 4:13
14:00 I have heard of another black hole, TON 618, being either being the largest or most massive black hole discovered. How does it compare to phoenix A?
This is either a denigration of the human spirit or the glory of man. Well done!!
Thank you very much. I like to see it as a testament to the curiosity of the human species
After watching this, I feel a little smaller than before.
fantastic essay
Thank you very much
The monolith on Methys was a nice touch.
A space oddity.
This really makes me want to play Elite again
Great research and presentation, but the ANIMATION ART richly deserves to be recognized.
Thank you very much, I appreciate that.
nice
I didn't know UY Scuti lost it's title as the biggest known star, apparently I'm a good 3 years behind so thank you Learning Curve for catching me up
Someone actually calculated the size of the unobservable universe, from the time of the big bang to the present by the rate of inflation as the universe expands as 150 sextillion lightyears. In prospective, it's like the observable universe (93 billion Lightyears) is the size of an 8oz glass of water, and the unobservable universe is the size of Earth.
It's amazing how, for us, the speed of light is absurdly fast, but for the astronomical scale it is as slow as a slug...
Its hard to watch as a european seeing this imperial units in background, but u put some quite effort to made this video, so sub goes to ya
How do we _know_ the Ort cloud is there? And further, how do we know the inner part is a Taurus shape?
Respect to the camera man for flying across the universe to entertain us
Even more respect to the talent scout who had to go find all these objects in the first place.
@@davidanderson_surrey_bc yes, 😅😂 boy 👦 👏
Is one meter beyond the event horizon of a black hole almost infinite longer thand a regular meter in empty space, far away from any large object? Is one meter on earth a tiny bit
longer than a meter in space?
Crazy place this universe
When my telco employer decided our engineering department was to go metric (1970-ish?), I made the mistake of checking SI for the recommended pronunciation of kilometer, beginning a lifelong unhappiness having to listen to it mis-pronounced. Even Google Maps says it wrong. Wish I hadn't looked it up!