Voltage Drop Problem | Long Distance Cable | Voltage Drop Calculation | Cable Size Selection Formula

Voltage Drop Problem | Long Distance Cable | Voltage Drop Calculation | Cable Size Selection Formula
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In this video, I have explained in malayalam What will be the effect of long cables ?
When the length of the cable increases, cable resistance also increases with length. So Load due to this resistance also increases, this load will create a voltage drop in the line. I.e. a percentage of voltage is lost in the line itself and if the cable is too long then the equipment connected will be having a voltage issue.
what is the maximum length of the cable recommended for using as per manufacturer's manual rated current ?
We use standard cable size as per the manufacturer manual maximum up to 75 meters only. If the length is more than 75 meters then the voltage drop in the line is to be considered and Permissible voltage drop in the cable should be below 3% of the rated voltage. If the Voltage drop is more than 3% of the rated voltage the next higher size cable needs to be used.
How Does Using the Next Higher Size Cable Helps When There Is More Voltage Drop?
When we use the next higher size cable, the cross-section area of conductor increases and resistivity decreases with the cross-section area. So load across the cable decreases with that and voltage drop decreases.
Voltage Drop Calculation
Voltage drop VD= ( Milli Volt X Ampere load X Length of cable)/1000
Percentage Voltage Drop for Single Phase = (VD X100)/240
Percentage Voltage Drop for 3 Phase = (VD X100)/415
Maximum percentage voltage drop should be below 3 %
Cable selection: 5 KW single phase pump 150 meter alway from Power supply.
For Single Phase P= VI X Pf
For 1KW or 1000 Watt , Current I = 1000 / ( 240X 0.85 ) = 5 A (Approx.)
So for 5 KW, current I = 25 A (Approx.)
As per chart for 25 A, single we need 4mm AYFY cable and
voltage drop / A / m =18.2 mV
Voltage Drop = (milli volt X Ampere X Length)/1000
= (18.2 X 25 X 150)/1000)= 68.25 V
For single phase Percentage Drop = (VD X100)/240
= (68.25 X 100)/240 =28.43 %
I.e. Volatge at load end = 240-68.25 = 171.75 V
Higher cable size of 35 mm AYFY cable and
voltage drop / A / m = 2.1 mV
Voltage Drop = (milli volt X Ampere X Length)/1000
= (2.1 X 25 X 150)/1000)= 7.875V
For single phase Percentage Drop = (VD X100)/240
= (7.875 X 100)/240 =3.28 %
I.e. Volatge at load end = 240-7.815 = 232.125 V
Higher cable size of 50 mm AYFY cable and voltage drop / A / m = 1.6 mV
Voltage Drop = (milli volt X Ampere X Length)/1000
= (16 X 25 X 150)/1000)= 6 V
For single phase Percentage Drop = (VD X100)/240
= (6X 100)/240 = 2.5 %
I.e. Volatge at load end = 240-6 = 234 V
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Query to solved in this video
voltage drop calculation in malayalam
voltage drop calculation
voltage drop calculation in long distance cable
voltage drop across cables
voltage drop calculation single phase
how to calculate voltage drop in cable
voltage drop physics malayalam
voltage drop over distance
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Amrut Shishir M
Electrical Consultant, Chartered Engineer
Kannur, Kerala
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