*Addressing confusion regarding the dates* EastEnders as the TV program didn't start until 1985, but Albert Beale is the only other character that died before 1985 in the Eastenders "universe", where we actually saw his character being portrayed by a real person. His off-screen death occured in 1965, but CivvyStreet, the spinoff series, did show his character story. Since he bears some importance to the Beale Family, I've included him in this video as the "Earliest" death.
@@OlliePawsitivePets pretty sure I watched them somewhere saying they didn’t want to leave, or maybe that they didn’t want to be killed off, but it was definitely one of the two
EastEnders had one of the most balls-out openings to any Soap ever. In the very first episode from 1985, Not even 10mins in and already someone's died. It received widespread criticism and was not expected to last beyond 1990, when it did, people gave it until 2000, with many believing the episode that saw Dorothy Branning (Dot Cotton) help Ethel Skinner commit suicide would be the show's killer. EastEnders has surpassed all our expectations and has become one of BBC's longest running and most memorable shows ever.
coronation street is the longest running with doctor who coming 2nd and eastenders coming 3rd many shows such as top of the pops and blankety blank dont count because they ended and had a shorter life
This is amazing. So many deaths, so sad, bt that's what makes a good storyline on Eastenders. There are a few that really affected me and that is Bradly, Ronnie Mitchells daughter, Ronnie and her sister , Ethel, Nana Moon, Nick Cotton, and Peggy Mitchell. Those ones hit the hardest. Eastenders will always be my number one favorite.
Yeah for me it was Bradley because of the way he brutally fell to his death, Nana Moon because it was done really poignantly with her dying in Alfie's arms, and Tom & Trevor's because that was quite brutal.
Arguably this show's most controversial death has to be Dennis Rickman Jr. He was born in 2006, debuted in 2012 and then died after drowning in a boat crash in 2021, making him only 13 at the time. The most tragic part is that Dennis died the same day mother Sharon gave birth to what would have been Dennis' little brother. And is it weird that this is now the THIRD cause of death I've seen for Donna Ludlow? The other two were choking on her own vomit and Heroin Overdose. One more thing, Stella's C.O.D is, much like Jake Moon's, unconfirmed. This is because we never saw her jump and there is a theory that the reason Phil is looking at his hands when the camera zooms back in on him is because he actually Pushed Stella off the roof rather then her jumping.
What happens a lot of the time in a heroin OD is that you aspirate vomit and get pneumonia. I had it twice and spent a week in hospital both times. It's really horrible. Id say it's one of the 3, or a mix of all.
I know this is old, but Phil never pushed Stella. Ben tried to frame Phil for her death after he came out of prison and Phil got arrested, until they found CCTV footage on the rooftop that showed she jumped.
Some context for 2 of them Arthur 'Fatboy' Chubb was NOT the intended target of the Hitmen, it was Vincent. Peggy Mitchell took her life to avoid the suffering of Cancer.
This must have taken a while to put together! Good work! I stopped watching EE a couple of years ago, so there were a few I didn't know about. (Jags Panesar and Bronson the dog in particular). Add Roly the full-sized poodle belonging to the Watts family (got run over back in something like 1990/91), Sugar the dog belonging to Bradley's then girlfriend Syd ( killed by Lucas Johnson, not long after he killed his ex), Rebecca Fowler's adopted Granny Margaret (can't remember when). If there's a compilation like this with EE weddings I'd really like to see that too!
Leslie Grantham, who played Dennis Watts, Leonard Fenton who played Doctor Legg and Mike Reid, who played Frank Butcher, are 3 Eastenders actors who are also no longer with us.
@@olivergrumitt2601 Leslie Grantham who played den watts was an armed robber who killed a west german taxi driver in 1966 & he was discharged from the British army after he was locked up in a British prison
Tiffany's death left me a bit traumatised as a child. It's forever etched in my memory as her head hits the pavement and she just looks at Phil in pain...
Trevor was included in a recent episode of EastEnders' best deaths, they showed the clip where he died in the fire but for some unknown reason, even though officially it's a double-death, Tom Banks isn't mentioned.
Ronnie and Roxy's deaths were more painful than Danielle's for me. I'll never forgive Eastenders for killing Ronnie and Roxy off. Such fabulous characters
wow thought i would watch for a bit of nostalgia in May 2022 it appears i have not watched in over 10 years ,looks like deaths got more violent in the last few years , can you imagine the actress reading the script ..death by dishwasher ...and so many bludgeoned or had aneurysms .....and yes my surname is Walford but i was around since 1966
You missed off Abi Branning accidently killing her dog Tramp...That one made me cry. And Lucy's Johnson killing the other dog(can't remember the dogs name)because it was digging at where the body was buried
I remember my sisters breakdown over my dog’s death and my friends horse Honey had died a year before Jude. 2020, 2021 were horrible years but now I have Woody from Toy Story making me better
dont remember alot of them, or people id forgotton about, and id forgotton that janine is actually a serial killer!! good vid but would of liked the actual audio.
Jack bumps into Phil and tells him I’m your dad and Shirley is yours sisters mum. Sharon is upset and goes to sit on the swing but it breaks and she is rushed to hospital only to find Jack telling Tiffany she is his daughter.
Still not over Billie Jackson’s death, Bradley Branning and Ronnie & Roxxy Mitchell to name a few. As it really effected me growing up I dunno they were unexpected and tbh put me off watching Eastenders for some years except maybe at Xmas time via family tradition but yeah I stopped caring but I began watching again from I think last year New Years so I just about missed Dennie’s death which I see people talking about as shocking. But yeah I still ain’t forgiven Eastenders for killing the Mitchell sisters off like that and then they attempted to do the same thing again with Lauren and abi… on a roof how Bradley their brother died 🙄 it really drove me off the edge lol I had to stop watching but now I am again and I can say it’s deffo got better. It’s up and down the story writing tbh. But when it’s good it’s good.
The show hasn’t been the same since they killed off Nigel Harman. Dennis was the best character they ever had imo. Eastenders was brilliant to watch between 2003/2005 but since then it’s gone downhill. They should’ve left the door open for him to return. Maybe they’ll bring him back in some kind of Kathy Beale story who knows.
With the amount of murders, you'd steer well clear of Walford 😂😂 I had to turn the sound down about 5 minutes in. Theres only so many times I can listen to the EE theme tune
In the case of Lucy Beale she probably wouldn't have been killed off if Melissa Suffield was still playing her. Her character on those 30th anniversary specials would have just been "left for dead", & reappeared in a later episode. She played her better than her replacement, Hetti Bywater, but was sacked for bad behaviour off camera.
I haven't watched EastEnders since Dennis died(external reasons) but man I loathe Gray Atkins. I never liked him when he joined and he killed one of my favourite characters, Tina as well as just a good character, being kush
They should do a special episode with a traditional East End pearly kings and queens funeral for Dot, like they did with Frank Butcher years after Mike Reid had left the soap.
Phil didn't intend to kill him, this was reiterated during the Aidan's demise episode where Phil beat him up in to the vic. Aidan ordered Luke dead, not phil. Phil only wanted him sorting out, not dead.
@Harry elliott: The official series started in 1985, a one time showing of a spinoff called CivvyStreet was broadcast in 1988, showing a younger Lou Beale played by Karen Meagher seeing her husband, Albert Beale being conscripted in the Army and off to fight against Hitler in 1942. He was played by the late Gary Olsen.
@Carol Crowley: Not possible, Eastenders wasn't broadcast until 1985. It didn't exist prior to then, its spinoff CivvyStreet featuring a young Lou Beale and her husband, Albert Beale was broadcast in 1988 and set in 1942.
Of course, Cindy Beale did not die from a pulmonary embolism or anything else, she is back in the show, alive and well, back from the dead! So this is one death that DID not occur!
I call it DeadEnders - if you watch repeats of it somewhere, you can now ask how many of the characters are still alive, even if they went to live elsewhere and were never mentioned again? There’s only so many ways of killing characters off in soapland - heart attacks, strokes, dementia, some form of cancer, whatever they call it, are quite commonplace in real life - but I would not want to live in Walford - if I don’t live to a ripe old age or retire to Cromer or Southend or Margate, I might get bludgeoned, shot, cremated without having died first, hit by a vehicle, been in a vehicle hit by another vehicle, pushed off a bridge, hit by a Tube train, poisoned or drugged!
Last night I couldn’t sleep past 3am because of the 9/11 grief kicking in and I was comforted by Woody from Toy Story. He has been with me for almost 13 years and hates seeing what’s going on
*Addressing confusion regarding the dates*
EastEnders as the TV program didn't start until 1985, but Albert Beale is the only other character that died before 1985 in the Eastenders "universe", where we actually saw his character being portrayed by a real person. His off-screen death occured in 1965, but CivvyStreet, the spinoff series, did show his character story. Since he bears some importance to the Beale Family, I've included him in this video as the "Earliest" death.
Hello Matt 😊
Are there any full episodes of Civvy Street online? How long did it run for? In what year did the last episode of Civvy Street stop?
@@juniourst3ven596 it was a one off flashback episode of EastEnders broadcast at Christmas (Boxing Day) in 1988.
@@markgenner1747 fantastic the best soap and always will be
Who is stuart
I will never forgive them for Ronnie and Roxie’s deaths. Those two characters had so much potential. Such a stupid decision.
Same ! I just made a comment saying this 😨😤
Meh never really liked them tbh but still it was such a waste of two good actors
They wanted to leave the show though.
@@OlliePawsitivePets pretty sure I watched them somewhere saying they didn’t want to leave, or maybe that they didn’t want to be killed off, but it was definitely one of the two
EastEnders had one of the most balls-out openings to any Soap ever.
In the very first episode from 1985, Not even 10mins in and already someone's died.
It received widespread criticism and was not expected to last beyond 1990, when it did, people gave it until 2000, with many believing the episode that saw Dorothy Branning (Dot Cotton) help Ethel Skinner commit suicide would be the show's killer. EastEnders has surpassed all our expectations and has become one of BBC's longest running and most memorable shows ever.
coronation street is the longest running
with doctor who coming 2nd
and eastenders coming 3rd
many shows such as top of the pops and blankety blank dont count because they ended and had a shorter life
EastEnders is almost 40 years old.
@@h.rdfd. EastEnders is the better soap and overall more popular.
It also has a vibe of a theme tune
@@h.rdfd.Coronation Street isn’t BBC - also they said “one of”
This is amazing. So many deaths, so sad, bt that's what makes a good storyline on Eastenders. There are a few that really affected me and that is Bradly, Ronnie Mitchells daughter, Ronnie and her sister , Ethel, Nana Moon, Nick Cotton, and Peggy Mitchell. Those ones hit the hardest. Eastenders will always be my number one favorite.
Yeah for me it was Bradley because of the way he brutally fell to his death, Nana Moon because it was done really poignantly with her dying in Alfie's arms, and Tom & Trevor's because that was quite brutal.
will never not become emotional watching nana moons death
Death and sadness doesn’t equal a good storyline.
Wow. What a beautifully put together and researched work this is. Thank you. 🙂
Non, and the description makes no sense at all.
Arguably this show's most controversial death has to be Dennis Rickman Jr. He was born in 2006, debuted in 2012 and then died after drowning in a boat crash in 2021, making him only 13 at the time. The most tragic part is that Dennis died the same day mother Sharon gave birth to what would have been Dennis' little brother.
And is it weird that this is now the THIRD cause of death I've seen for Donna Ludlow? The other two were choking on her own vomit and Heroin Overdose.
One more thing, Stella's C.O.D is, much like Jake Moon's, unconfirmed. This is because we never saw her jump and there is a theory that the reason Phil is looking at his hands when the camera zooms back in on him is because he actually Pushed Stella off the roof rather then her jumping.
What happens a lot of the time in a heroin OD is that you aspirate vomit and get pneumonia. I had it twice and spent a week in hospital both times. It's really horrible. Id say it's one of the 3, or a mix of all.
I know this is old, but Phil never pushed Stella. Ben tried to frame Phil for her death after he came out of prison and Phil got arrested, until they found CCTV footage on the rooftop that showed she jumped.
Wasn’t the boat crash in 2020
Some context for 2 of them
Arthur 'Fatboy' Chubb was NOT the intended target of the Hitmen, it was Vincent.
Peggy Mitchell took her life to avoid the suffering of Cancer.
This must have taken a while to put together! Good work! I stopped watching EE a couple of years ago, so there were a few I didn't know about. (Jags Panesar and Bronson the dog in particular).
Add Roly the full-sized poodle belonging to the Watts family (got run over back in something like 1990/91), Sugar the dog belonging to Bradley's then girlfriend Syd ( killed by Lucas Johnson, not long after he killed his ex), Rebecca Fowler's adopted Granny Margaret (can't remember when).
If there's a compilation like this with EE weddings I'd really like to see that too!
Sadly some of the actors who died in the show are no longer with us in real life RIP
Wendy Richard, June Brown & Barbara Windsor are a handful of those mentioned.
you dont say.
Leonard Fenton. Ross Davidson
Leslie Grantham, who played Dennis Watts, Leonard Fenton who played Doctor Legg and Mike Reid, who played Frank Butcher, are 3 Eastenders actors who are also no longer with us.
@@olivergrumitt2601 Leslie Grantham who played den watts was an armed robber who killed a west german taxi driver in 1966 & he was discharged from the British army after he was locked up in a British prison
I got really emotional when I watched it. So so beautiful thank you
Tiffany's death left me a bit traumatised as a child. It's forever etched in my memory as her head hits the pavement and she just looks at Phil in pain...
Grant*
Oops
Christmas day the deadliest day of the year in the east end when you add up the death toll from the past 36 years and oh new years eve too.
And day just about any day you are ment to be celebrating and happy lol
And new year's Day I mean
Trevor was included in a recent episode of EastEnders' best deaths, they showed the clip where he died in the fire but for some unknown reason, even though officially it's a double-death, Tom Banks isn't mentioned.
Very moving and a great tribute to EastEnders and the script writers, crew and cast who have created such memorable characters.
Donna's death was terrifying
Charlie Slater and Peggy Mitchell's death got me breaking down
(They both died in 2016, this got me trembling)
Nick Cotton wasn't a villain he was a victim of addiction which made him blindly act the way he did throughout his run on the show.
He was always a villian haven't you seen the 80s episodes? He was made a heroin addict when he returned in the early 90s.
Ronnie and Roxy's deaths were more painful than Danielle's for me. I'll never forgive Eastenders for killing Ronnie and Roxy off. Such fabulous characters
wow thought i would watch for a bit of nostalgia in May 2022 it appears i have not watched in over 10 years ,looks like deaths got more violent in the last few years , can you imagine the actress reading the script ..death by dishwasher ...and so many bludgeoned or had aneurysms .....and yes my surname is Walford but i was around since 1966
Still cheesed off and Ronnie's & Roxie's death, & Danielle's was heart breaking
Yes, just as Ronnie found out the truth too. 😭😭😭
Yeah very heart breaking I wanted Ronnie and Danielle to have a proper mum daughter relationship
Geoff Morton was played by Maurice Roeves, who also played a Romulan in Star Trek ZTNG
EastEnders first started in 1985.
😂😂😂init
I’m sure it’s to do with a prequel before EE
@@Luke_-_ His death was in 1965, his character was shown in the spinoff "CivvyStreet". His character died in the Eastenders world in 1965, offscreen
All dead let’s go rip
Yh i know that
Tiffany's death killed a big part of my love for Eastenders.
Tbh i only clicked becuase i was amazed venti would upload something like this
You forget Etgal's little Willy (the pug that had cancer and she had him put to sleep)
You missed off Abi Branning accidently killing her dog Tramp...That one made me cry. And Lucy's Johnson killing the other dog(can't remember the dogs name)because it was digging at where the body was buried
And Roley
Lucas' dog was called sugar
@@joannesquires1856 Sugar belonged to Bradley's girlfriend Syd, but was indeed killed by Lucas for that very reason
Some have really gone two heaven in real life
To
During that time we had lost good people .
Always wondered at what age someone’s death becomes ‘old age. natural causes’. Joyce wasn’t THAT old, was she?
yeah. she was 80
Killing of Abi was the worst mistake EastEnders ever made
Wilmott-Browns death was never confirmed
Be honest, who broke down at Wellard's death? 😢
I remember my sisters breakdown over my dog’s death and my friends horse Honey had died a year before Jude. 2020, 2021 were horrible years but now I have Woody from Toy Story making me better
Me
Me
I felt bad for phil when Jamie died in hospital
Wow, has it really been 5 years since Roxy and Ronnie!?
5 and a half years 😳
@@rayoflight6505 i'm sorry what? u mean to tell me it's been half a decade since they died ALREADY?
@@saizaybae i know crazy.
Mad. Loved them too! Such crazy energy
With the murders in this how comes the Michelle s and Jannie butcher aren't in prision
It's only mentioned on screen passings for both eastenders & it's spin-offs.
The actress that played Rosa Di Marco now plays Rhona's Mum in Emmerdale (with whiter hair)
Great video, but what about Roly? Lol!
Missed out Jase dyer who was jay browns dad
No, that's in there
Jase wasn't jays real dad
Jay real dad died in a car 🔥/explosion that Phil started
I will never forgive them for killing Ronnie and roxy off
Ik you don't have jordan Johnson but you could of got the clip he was attacked by Ben Mitchell
dont remember alot of them, or people id forgotton about, and id forgotton that janine is actually a serial killer!! good vid but would of liked the actual audio.
Copyright by BBC won't allow that
@@paxtonpomykal2293 says it all dont it, copy right that but cover up jimmy saville for all them years!
Jack bumps into Phil and tells him I’m your dad and Shirley is yours sisters mum. Sharon is upset and goes to sit on the swing but it breaks and she is rushed to hospital only to find Jack telling Tiffany she is his daughter.
Absolutely brilliant video mate, very well researched and great clips
Still not over Billie Jackson’s death, Bradley Branning and Ronnie & Roxxy Mitchell to name a few. As it really effected me growing up I dunno they were unexpected and tbh put me off watching Eastenders for some years except maybe at Xmas time via family tradition but yeah I stopped caring but I began watching again from I think last year New Years so I just about missed Dennie’s death which I see people talking about as shocking. But yeah I still ain’t forgiven Eastenders for killing the Mitchell sisters off like that and then they attempted to do the same thing again with Lauren and abi… on a roof how Bradley their brother died 🙄 it really drove me off the edge lol I had to stop watching but now I am again and I can say it’s deffo got better. It’s up and down the story writing tbh. But when it’s good it’s good.
The show hasn’t been the same since they killed off Nigel Harman.
Dennis was the best character they ever had imo.
Eastenders was brilliant to watch between 2003/2005 but since then it’s gone downhill.
They should’ve left the door open for him to return.
Maybe they’ll bring him back in some kind of Kathy Beale story who knows.
Thank you that was really lovely
19:26 omg the music and the cpr lol
All the sad music when they leave lol some cracking story lines
With the amount of murders, you'd steer well clear of Walford 😂😂 I had to turn the sound down about 5 minutes in. Theres only so many times I can listen to the EE theme tune
Lucas Johnson killed another woman to make it look like Denise had died. Not mentioned here.
Can t belive they killed of poor Lucy and Abby
In the case of Lucy Beale she probably wouldn't have been killed off if Melissa Suffield was still playing her. Her character on those 30th anniversary specials would have just been "left for dead", & reappeared in a later episode. She played her better than her replacement, Hetti Bywater, but was sacked for bad behaviour off camera.
Eastenders needs a Agatha Christie type style story. Whodunnit.
The last Whodunnit story I watched was the Lucy Beale murder
sad to know that lola pearce will be added to this list soon 😢
Bad death is bad for all them in eastenders for every character that we think of that we love we have for them
When will the new deaths video be ready??? X
Poor nick didn't die by suicide, Mar bought him dodgy gear and watched her loving son die, pure evil
so Technically Phil Nick n Janine are serialkillers . n Dot nearly (3 makes offical n Dot only been responsible for Ethel n Nick )
And Frank, Pat AND Janine Butcher have all run people down in their cars!
Rosa Di Marco is now in Emmerdale.
That's Louise Jameson. Better known for playing Bergerac's girlfriend.
Albert beale died in the prequel spinoff of eastenders
@Paul Mateo: He died in the 1960's, CivvyStreet was set during WW2.
Gorgeous arrangement of the theme.
God I’m depressed now after watching that
I haven't watched EastEnders since Dennis died(external reasons) but man I loathe Gray Atkins. I never liked him when he joined and he killed one of my favourite characters, Tina as well as just a good character, being kush
Great stuff...💯⚘️
There have been some fabulous deaths over the years
So Pat died, then was present in the future when Peggy died?
Pat returned as a hallucination. She didn't return from the dead. She was basically a ghost.
@@matthighley1461 Ha, cheers mate 👍
1:35 Odd. I thought the hanging happened on the 14th of February 1989
Meanwhile, Dot Cotton lights another cigarette.
What happened to Chelsea's brother in eastenders?
He died of a drug overdose.
i was ur 1000 sub 💖😼😼💣💣💣💣💣
Does anyone know if they’re gonna kill off Dot now that the actress, June Brown, is deceased?
100% will be an off-screen death, most likely this year. But sometimes they delay the character death by over a year.
Sucks so much her original exit should have been a lot better than it was she was a fantastic actress
They should do a special episode with a traditional East End pearly kings and queens funeral for Dot, like they did with Frank Butcher years after Mike Reid had left the soap.
@@joecruickshank7873 Yeah! WTF was that about? One minute you see Dot and the next she’s talking on an answering machine! Huh?
Yep. Her funeral is going to be shown this winter.
You forgot Jordan Johnson’s death
He's only including on-screen deaths.
@@scmtuk3662 I did some off-screen also. But Jordan was one I unfortunately forgot to include - I would have put him in if I didn't forget, haha!
Jamie Mitchell was the hardest one for me. He was my first ever boy crush as a kid
Gray Atkins vs Lucas Johnson
Plot twist!!
Cindy Beale isn't actually dead and is returning to EastEnders this year!!
Along with Ian!!
Arthur and Pauline both died from the same cause 10 years apart
Where was fat boy😢
he was there
Arthur - crushed in the car where he’d been locked in the boot
What did Luke browing do again to have Phil kill him?
He put Ben in hospital
Phil didn't intend to kill him, this was reiterated during the Aidan's demise episode where Phil beat him up in to the vic. Aidan ordered Luke dead, not phil. Phil only wanted him sorting out, not dead.
Haven't watched this show before, but im assuming Nick Cotton is the villian right?
Ohh my I remember Wellard the dog 😭😭😭😭
Did eastenders actually start in 1965 I didn't know that I thought it started in 1985
Read the pinned comment
@Harry elliott: The official series started in 1985, a one time showing of a spinoff called CivvyStreet was broadcast in 1988, showing a younger Lou Beale played by Karen Meagher seeing her husband, Albert Beale being conscripted in the Army and off to fight against Hitler in 1942. He was played by the late Gary Olsen.
@@jane1975 Ah yeah, I remember him from 2.4 Children.
So sad 😭😭
I think Mick Carter and Dot will be added soon.
I began watching Eastenders here in The U.S 1981
@Carol Crowley: Not possible, Eastenders wasn't broadcast until 1985. It didn't exist prior to then, its spinoff CivvyStreet featuring a young Lou Beale and her husband, Albert Beale was broadcast in 1988 and set in 1942.
Not even the first episode and someone already dead
The 1993 julias theme is sk appropriate 🙄
Nick Cotton was menace - even when I thought he was done, he caused some shit in 2015
Whitney killed Leo is self defense
Wait isn't abi's name actually Abigail
Of course, Cindy Beale did not die from a pulmonary embolism or anything else, she is back in the show, alive and well, back from the dead! So this is one death that DID not occur!
And now Cindy is alive!
The audio chain is way off, stick to one level don't be so hamfisted slapping it up like this!
I've watched eastenders in 2008
What about Roly and Willy?
Lol,I think they meant 1985 not 1965
nope
I stopped watching Eastenders on the 18th June 2008.
There’s another reason they call it east ‘enders’
I call it DeadEnders - if you watch repeats of it somewhere, you can now ask how many of the characters are still alive, even if they went to live elsewhere and were never mentioned again?
There’s only so many ways of killing characters off in soapland - heart attacks, strokes, dementia, some form of cancer, whatever they call it, are quite commonplace in real life - but I would not want to live in Walford - if I don’t live to a ripe old age or retire to Cromer or Southend or Margate, I might get bludgeoned, shot, cremated without having died first, hit by a vehicle, been in a vehicle hit by another vehicle, pushed off a bridge, hit by a Tube train, poisoned or drugged!
Joyce's death really scared me, when I saw this episode, I didn't sleep for 3 weeks thinking the same thing could happen to me
Last night I couldn’t sleep past 3am because of the 9/11 grief kicking in and I was comforted by Woody from Toy Story. He has been with me for almost 13 years and hates seeing what’s going on
Nick Cotton lived for so long
Did I miss Ethel?
Ethel was included, she died in 2000