Covenant Theology - Mastering Reformed Theology Chapter 8
Vložit
- čas přidán 27. 05. 2024
- Visit our website: www.kingdompresbyterians.com/
Make a donation: donorbox.org/presbyterians-fo...
Theology Matters: www.theologymatters.com/
Find a church: www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/edi...
This series is so based, I'm trying to get it into my conformation curriculem
AWESOME! Dew it
Dont
Dew!
Calvinist are unanimously against using Tik Toker slang.
The Church is the true successor of ancient Israel. The modern state of Israel lacks the true Messiah.
"And if you are Christ's, then you are Abraham's offspring, heirs according to promise." - Galatians 3:29
Came in clutch with that verse 🙏🙏🙏 Amen brother
"Jesus said to them, 'Truly, truly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I am.' "
”Brothers and sisters, pray for us. Greet all God’s people with a holy kiss.“
1 Thessalonians 5:25-26 although the church is the continuation of gods promise as presbes say but god has not completely abandoned his people.
@@TheScholarlyBaptist I agree, this and predestination are why I'm not presbyterian.
@@TheScholarlyBaptist God's people? You mean the bloodlines of Israel? Are you not aware that the ten tribes were carried off into bondage by the Assyrians, sent to the lands of the Scythians, and it is from that land that the Germanics, the Huns, the Slavs, the Mongols and the Turks all came? The blood is dispersed among many nations now, as is the blood of Judah and Benjamin, many of whom became Christians. The stubborn Pharisees of the Old Testament, which were they who followed the traditions of men, the oral torah, which is now the Talmud; were often of Edomite descent. They became modern day jews, as the other people of the Hebrew faith required the Temple, and after its destruction at the hands of the Romans they were no longer able to practice their faith, leading many to either become Christians who had Jesus as their Temple, or a Pharisee/jew, which claimed they did not need a temple because the rabbis had said so. The Edomites had settled the region during the Babylonian exile; when the Judahites returned from exile they had a war with the Edomites, with a man called John Hyrcanus, a Sadduccee, leading them, who defeated the Edomites. He forced them to convert to the Hebrew religion, and many of the Edomites would then become Pharisees as an act of petty resistance, as Pharisees were the main theological opponents of the Sadducees. One such Edomite Pharisee family would be the Herodians, with the Bible recording their founder as Antipater the Idumean (which is Edomite).
The point I'm making is that if you think God is going to look after a people because of genetic connections to Abraham, then you will find much of the world related to him, not just Europeans and Turks, but also Arabs and Africans and more. If it is just the people of Israel, well then you still have the Europeans, the Mongols, the Turks and all of the people they conquered and mixed with (which is literally everywhere). Even though some jews might be counted among these people genetically related to Israel, many would not due to them being Edomites or Canaanites, while many people in other nations are; and so the idea that God would uniquely help the 'jews' that live in the state of Israel today is utter nonsense. It's also not Biblical in the first place, as the promises are given to the seed of Abraham, which is one seed, which is Jesus (Galatians 3:16); and if any man believes in Jesus then he is made one with the people of Christ, there is neither jew nor gentile, all are made one in Christ; and through Christ we becomes heirs according to the promise (Galatians 3:28-29).
The Israel of God is the Church and it is faith that makes you a descendent of Abraham.
Yep, as said in Galatians
@@LordMicahBroch exactly as said in Galatians and to believe otherwise is to deny the words of the apostles.
@@billyhart3299and yet for some reason people still say otherwise.
@@LordMicahBroch False. God will save an elect remnant of literal, biological Israel at the end times:
Romans 11:25 KJV
For I would not, brethren, that ye should be ignorant of this mystery, lest ye should be wise in your own conceits; that blindness in part is happened to Israel, until the fulness of the Gentiles be come in.
@@Revolver9 read Galatians.
The church IS Israel. The children of Abraham are those of the faith as per Galatians 3:7
And Galatians 3:26-29 "So in Christ Jesus you are all children of God through faith, for all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ. There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor is there male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. If you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham’s seed, and heirs according to the promise."
Some biological Jews WILL be saved, but only if they believe in Christ, NOT because they are biological Jews
Absolutely amazing video this one.
Covenant Theology really is one of if not the biggest backbone of Reformed Theology.
My theology basically falls somewhere between Reformed and Roman Catholic. This channel has inspired me, and I’m going to join the ACNA, though in college I’m going to be at one of the Episcopalian churches off the Reconquista map. God bless
Good choice! Just remember that Anglicans have always been much closer to Geneva than Rome. Some Anglicans forget this.
Gay marriage, charismatics, female priests... pass
@At this rate, you’ll get people pushing for this in every denomination. The key is to focus on a church holding to the faith handed down from the saints and holding fast to scripture, not being blown with the world.
As long as the church he finds is conservative and biblical, then he should be fine.
W
not a presby myself but I have been looking into the reformed camp, your channel has given me a lot to think about and to compare to the scriptures...Thanks RZ!
Reformed theology has another christ, not Jesus The Messiah.
They’re great recruiters into a treacherous system of an iron clad dusty meadow of tulips .
Don’t. Be received into the Holy Orthodox Church.
So I was born and raised Christian my whole life up in southern Canada. My parents were both raised German baptist(which is a very strict, law based and hypocritical thing, hard to explain but many younger members of the church slept around and got girls pregnant, lots of shotgun marriages) and so my parents both rejected the fundamentals of that church believing that it was "The Law" that the church taught that made everyone so sinful. They left their denomination to be apart of the "word of life" movement, which then became a completely non-denom church later. Everything was fine until I turned 12, that's when the theology of my denomination started to crumble. We went to this church my whole growing up until the pastor (Peter Youngren big televangelist) cheated on his wife(of course he was forgiven) and then cheated on her a second time, so our church fell apart and disbanded. My parents tried out a sister church nearby but I started to hate being there and that church was covertly getting into new age stuff which my mom saw through. Both of these churches were totally money driven and business people driven. Everyone there was trying to make money off others(it was crazy looking back at it now). Seeing it through my eyes now it seems like we believed some mangled type of Federalism as was explained in the video. My parents decided to pull away from the church and "do church from home" and that started in like 2009, they tried to keep my away from "all the dreaded denominations" and so for a while I'd been secluded from real churches. That was until I started dating a fundamental Baptist girl and went to her church when I was 20. It was a confusing experience, I felt like a fish out of water, the people were so nice to me that I didn't know what to say or do. That only lasted 2 months till we broke up(clearly our beliefs were too different at that time, I was an undeveloped Christian and she was 4 years older than me, she needed spiritual stability) but I began to study all the different denominations, trying to figure out what I actually believed. I'm 25 now, but 2 years ago I decided I was a reformed Christian, as I find their theology one of the only solid grounds to stand on.
But today I must say that with your explanation I ACTUALLY understand what I believe now!!! I might still struggle to fight against my parents and go to a physical church near me, but these videos are giving me the confidence I need to one day overcome them, and that day is coming soon!!!
Thank you so much!!!!
Our man RZ is literally distilling dozens of hours worth of theology into a tl;dr of 10 minutes, which also somehow includes references to current day events, making it super relatable and easy to understand. I stand in awe.
There are lots of reformed Baptists who believe this too. Even Southern Baptists.
Reformed Baptist here. Many conform to Covnant Theology! 🎉
People think Methodists and Presbys don't have much in common due to Soteriology , but in truth we are basically identical when it comes to the Sacraments and Covenant Theology.
YES! THIS IS SO TRUE
Reformed baptists are calvinist in regards to the five points, methodists are calvinist in regards to everything else. (I think, I'm a Lutheran)
The way I explain what Methodism is to my friends is that it's "Presbyterianism without predestination."
They also have the whole lgbtq acceptance and rainbow priest thing in common.
Catholics don't read solely through tradition. Catholics also read through Covenant theology, but with a much much more rigorous form than most presbyterians, dividing the text into one of 4 different fulfillments. There's a wikipedia article on the matter if anyone cares to check it out
Reformed theology is itself a tradition...
The only basis we have here is the Bible itself, which we can know and understand better today than throughout most of church history. None of these man made traditions (Catholic, Reformed, Orthodox, Protestant, Pentecostal, Dispensationalism) we see today exist in the Bible. Each one has a bit of Biblical truth with a whole lot of extrabiblical fluff thrown in that they reinsert back into the Bible.
My stance is that most of these issues are fairly minor and I shouldn't be rejecting people for certain beliefs, but these issues can cause problems that may turn people away for being too overly strict. On the other hand, some people need a stricter firm hand as a guiding light.
Personally I believe God is using this for good even though Christ did not desire such divisions and would rather they not exist, but their existence is simply a part of human nature. The founding fathers of the USA didn't desire the formation of political parties but they happened anyway. Its just an unfortunate fact of human nature.
Reformed Christians have no problem with traditions. We have a problem with the idea that church tradition is infallible and can't be scrutinized. Only God's Word is infallible.
This series is amazing, and your channel has really made me reconsider reformed theology
Most chrstians don't belive in the rapture. Its a fairly new belief and is mostly popular with evangelicals
That’s officially true. But there are so many ignorant Presbyterians, Methodists, Catholics, etc that many of them think that the Rapture idea is true because they see it in movies or hear about it on the radio or whatever.
But All Christian beliefs in the second coming of Jesus Christ where He raised the dead and be taken ( rapture) up to heaven along with the living.
Irenaeus (130 n.Chr. - 202 n.Chr.)
Cyprianus (200 n.Chr. - 258 n.Chr.)
Ephraim de Siriër
Ephraim (306 n.Chr. - 373 n.Chr.) enz
Belive in the rapture
@@jacobtennyson9213 the 2nd coming is different from the rapture. Inspiring philosophy made a video provoing the rapture isn't real
Yeah, hardly anyone could read and there were hardly any books prior to the printing press. Now that hundreds of millions of people can read the Bible for themselves they can form views on scripture that some corrupt medieval priest may not have seen.
1:21 Heb.8 seems to go against this especially in vss.7-9 New covenant...not like the one I made. Ending with vs.13 "When He said, “A new covenant,” He has made the first obsolete. But whatever is becoming obsolete and growing old is ready to disappear."
It is good to see that there are an actual theology theories that explain the Church is the real continuity of Israel. With this, many people will learn about it through proper educated way
I say this because I learn about it not from proper theological theories. I learned it from chain of bad experiences.
2:32 “God’s Chosen people are those who reject Christ!”
-Dispensationalist logic
chosen people has nothing to do with being right though.
The whole history of "God's Chosen People" has been of them rejecting God... from the very beginning.
@@CCI320God's chosen people were chosen for a specific purpose. That purpose was fulfilled 2000 years ago.
Jews disobeyed God and rejected his prophets all the way back to the days of Moses. And they were still the chosen people throughout all of that. They have not changed in 4000 years. Because them being chosen has nothing to do with them being good or better.
@@jrconway3no. Revelation, Ezekiel, Daniel, Jeremiah, and Zechariah clearly all talk about Jesus coming back to defend Israel from the antichrist in the end times. Jesus is still going to fulfill his promise that Israel will be saved. “And I will pour out on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and supplication. They will look on me, the one they have pierced, and they will mourn for him as one mourns for an only child, and grieve bitterly for him as one grieves for a firstborn son.”
I really like what you are doing for the modern day church by explaining things that most people have forgotten over time but i can see alot of chirstians just getting confused by all the big theological words and how people in the church disagree on so many points. I hope we can make this understandable to the average believer.
I like how the music gets more intense as I get more confused
I can’t wait till this guy tackles The inter-Testamento period. In 100% honesty put it at the top of the list I am sincerely looking forward to it.
As an Orthodox Christian, I love watching this series.
I find something I disagree with but I can't explain it, I research, ask my priest, and then continue.
God bless you RZ, i used to have some prejudice against calvinism but once you understand what it actually is it actually makes sense
Love this series bro. It's tought me quite a lot within reformed theology
Even though I'm a Baptists/Dispensationalist.
Lutherans do not believe that there is no Gospel in the Old Testament. There is Law and Gospel in both testaments
I am a Lutheran the point is that in the Old Testmente we was under the law and in the new Testmente we became free with the Gospel so yes, Law and Gospel.
Lutherans would say that Law and Gospel both run throughout Scripture. Also, I think our primary hermeneutic is reading Scripture as pointing to Christ. Law and Gospel are important, but Christ is primary. Also, I'm pretty comfortable with Israel and the Church being God’s people, with the church being folded in or grafted on. That seems to be the best way to make sense of Romans 9-11.
That was awesome! Thanks, brother!
So easy to follow, even this boomer understands. Well done
To avoid confusion on the subject, Law & Gospel and Covenant Theology fit together quite well. I'd say you're looking at Scripture correctly if you see Law & Gospel when you look from one angle and Covenant Theology when you look from another angle. The two are compatible, unlike Dispensationalism and either of the two.
covenant theology
I learned my view of covenant theology upon graduating from the Henry T Ford theological seminary.
I currently attend a Presbyterian church, and I'm thinking that I'll become Catholic, but Reformed theology is very interesting, particularly covenant theology
This is interesting...as I recently was berated by a few Christian's randomly, because they thought celebrating Christmas and eating pork was blasphemy, and that Jesus would essentially not have died for any who did do either.
Oh and yes, they thought about the Rapture with the USA, utilizing Ezekial 1-2, Isaiah 66, and John 4 (might be wrong with the exact chapter of John, as I forgot that last one).
they never read Acts lol, I can’t believe Judaizers still exist in the 21st century.
Anyone who wants to know more about Marrow theology should read "The Whole Christ" by Sinclair Ferguson, my favorite Christian book written since the death of C.S. Lewis. I think it's such a rich way of understanding God's Grace.
There's also Macleod's "From the Marrow Men to the Moderates: Scottish Theology 1700-1800"
Reformed calvinism is a disgusting reprehensible post biblical writing system. Gnostic roots that malign and bear false witness to the life of Jesus The Messiah.
Your choice.
I believe in a law / gospel distinction, I also believe in a continual covenant God makes with us. I don’t understand how law/gospel and continual covenant are mutually exclusive.
I don’t believe Lutherans think the covenant with Moses is one of grace but of law.
Thank you! This breakdown of Covenant Theology is so helpful! What book would you recommend that elaborates on basic Covenant Theology as you've described it here?
Some of the Marrow Men were Thomas Boston, Ralph & Ebenezer Erskine & Jas Hog. The good book that so influenced them was written by Edward Fisher, many years before, “The Marrow of Modern Divinity”. They fought against Legalism in the church & especially Legalism in The Gospel !
This fight is needed once again in our day.
Looking forward to your next video :)
Just so you know, many baptists believe in covenant theology rather than dispensationslism or something else.
not real Covenant Theology tho, just 1698 Federalism
@@redeemedzoomer6053Yes 1689 federalism is a bit different, but there are reformed baptists that are truly reformed and truly embrace covenant theology.
Reformed baptists such as myself, don't say that the old testament is a covenant of works, they believe it's a covenant of grace just as Presbyterians do.
This is what I've learned in a baptist seminary with baptist teachers, and it's what is taught in my baptist church, and is what was taught to me by my baptist parents while growing up.
But it's not the majority view between baptist.
There's a great diversity in baptists. From full classical dispensationslism to covenant theology.
@@TitusRexHow you have the same Covenant Theology that we have and don't baptize babies? Our you will circumcize them or you will believe that it was substituted by Baptism, there is no other option.
@@pedroguimaraes6094 baptism and the understanding of circumcision are the main difference.
If you want a brief explanation you can read the wikipedia article "Baptist covenant theology" you'll see that there are different views within reformed baptist theology, those that are 1689Fed and those that agree with Westminster understanding of the covenant of grace.
As of the last few months many Calvary Chapel pastors have called covenant theology heresy!
It really shows how some churches are so shallow.
It's not just dispensationalism that makes things like covenant theology unpopular among evangelicals, there's also the perception that the idea that the church replaces Israel has borne bad fruit, in that it has historically often been taken as a license to antisemitism, or an excuse to ignore it.
My reading of scripture is that the Old Covenant is a prophecy pointing towards the New, that the elect of the Old Testament were saved by the New Covenant, not the Old, and that the Jews are God's people temporally, while the Church is God's people spiritually, neither one replacing the other.
There's also the sense in which the Jews are God's people in the same sense as Mary is the Mother of God (Jesus is God, Jesus is ethnically a Jew).
So is 1689 Federalism the same as the Lutheran view but with different vocabulary?
regrading Covenant Theology, yes
What's kinda funny is my church and I fully agree with the mainline Reformed Covenant Theology understanding, except for external and internal participation because of a baptism disagreement, despite being Southern Baptist. Covenants of grace and works, the same covenant between the Old and New Testament, etc. 😅
I’m a Baptist, and both myself and my pastor favor Covenant Theology over Dispensationalism
He said that some Baptist believe in 1689 federalism.
My parents are dispensationalists I still don’t really know a-lot about hermeneutics so I have not really developed an opinion on it I would have to read more in to it.
So thanks for making this video it at least gives me a place to start.
Definitely ask your parents about it, but as a Dispensationalist myself, I have never heard "current day Israel is still the chosen people of God." With this current dispensation, there is no chosen people. Male, female, young, old, greek, jew, slave or free, we are all one in Christ.
@@The757packerfan agreed that is why I have not been so eager to develop an opinion yet.
Small correction on hypercalvinism in the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands: only a subset of them hold to this kind of theology. These churches are known as 'bevindelijk' or experiental in English, meaning they should have 'experienced' God to be sure of their election. But other Reformed Churches in the Netherlands, both orthodox and liberal, do not hold to this theology. That being said, you are correct on that many members of the experiental churches don't take communion. Which I find really sad because these churches withhold the Body and Blood of Christ from a large part of their members.
I’m a Baptist minister, not southern Baptist, Original Baptist, and I 💯 subscribe to covenant theology. I don’t, however, believe in predestination (Calvinism). There are some Baptists who are Calvinist. My maternal grandmother and grandfather belong to the Primitive Baptist Church who believe in predestination. They’re basically Presbyterian
If you hold to Reformed Covenant Theology, you believe that the Church is a continuation of Israel and that the Old and the New Covenants are just two different administrations of the same Covenant of Grace. If you believe so, or you will circumcize your Babies our you will have the same Reformed understanding that Circuncision was substituted by Baptism and you will baptize infants.
Hardcore covenant theologians would argue Baptists are incompatible with covenant theology. Literally found one in the comments of this video.
Until I study a topic fully I do not wish to subscribe 100% to a specific set of beliefs. I do lean covenant theology but that doesn't mean I agree with every single nuance they might have. That's where the problem lies with taking up such labels.
what is the background music?
The church is the spiritual Israel! We are the spiritual Israel!
fact is not only can the bible prove this, but natural law. Its all really natural actually. One God, one People.
The Church isn't the people of God to the exclusion of Israel, the Church is another word for Israel post-crucifixion. Jews who reject Jesus are cut off from it, but many will eventually come to believe and be regrafted. Gentile Christians, when they join the Church, are grafted onto Israel. This becomes clear when you read Romans 11 and Galatians 3 & 4. Also, James addresses all Christians as "the twelve scattered tribes".
The only "Christians" who believe this are dispensationalists. The church of Christ was started by the believing and faithful remnant of Israel bringing Gentiles into the fold. Its only natural that over time the percentage of Christians who weren't ethnically Jewish would diminish over time.
Those who still cling to Judaism are rejecting Christ, making them by definition Antichrist.
Could you do a video on Eternal Generation and Eternally Begotten and if it’s the right doctrine?
Dontcha just love theology by glib explanation and in a cartoon format? So helpful.
Love your videos
Really good video on Covenental Theology. I would lean more dispensational just because many of the promises in the OT are to Israel, and would have been unreadable or even a straight up lie to the original audience. Zech 14 comes to mind
I believe Israel was a nation of God’s chosen meant to be a type and shadow for his coming kingdom.
Romans 11 helps us understand Israel wasn’t replaced but rather gentiles were saved to bring them into jealousy and prove God came to save ALL.
Romans 11:1-36
“11 I ask, then, has God rejected his people? By no means! For I myself am an Israelite, a descendant of Abraham,[a] a member of the tribe of Benjamin. 2 God has not rejected his people whom he foreknew. Do you not know what the Scripture says of Elijah, how he appeals to God against Israel? 3 “Lord, they have killed your prophets, they have demolished your altars, and I alone am left, and they seek my life.” 4 But what is God's reply to him? “I have kept for myself seven thousand men who have not bowed the knee to Baal.” 5 So too at the present time there is a remnant, chosen by grace. 6 But if it is by grace, it is no longer on the basis of works; otherwise grace would no longer be grace.
7 What then? Israel failed to obtain what it was seeking. The elect obtained it, but the rest were hardened, 8 as it is written,
“God gave them a spirit of stupor,
eyes that would not see
and ears that would not hear,
down to this very day.”
9 And David says,
“Let their table become a snare and a trap,
a stumbling block and a retribution for them;
10 let their eyes be darkened so that they cannot see,
and bend their backs forever.”
Gentiles Grafted In
11 So I ask, did they stumble in order that they might fall? By no means! Rather, through their trespass salvation has come to the Gentiles, so as to make Israel jealous. 12 Now if their trespass means riches for the world, and if their failure means riches for the Gentiles, how much more will their full inclusion[b] mean!
13 Now I am speaking to you Gentiles. Inasmuch then as I am an apostle to the Gentiles, I magnify my ministry 14 in order somehow to make my fellow Jews jealous, and thus save some of them. 15 For if their rejection means the reconciliation of the world, what will their acceptance mean but life from the dead? 16 If the dough offered as firstfruits is holy, so is the whole lump, and if the root is holy, so are the branches.
17 But if some of the branches were broken off, and you, although a wild olive shoot, were grafted in among the others and now share in the nourishing root[c] of the olive tree, 18 do not be arrogant toward the branches. If you are, remember it is not you who support the root, but the root that supports you. 19 Then you will say, “Branches were broken off so that I might be grafted in.” 20 That is true. They were broken off because of their unbelief, but you stand fast through faith. So do not become proud, but fear. 21 For if God did not spare the natural branches, neither will he spare you. 22 Note then the kindness and the severity of God: severity toward those who have fallen, but God's kindness to you, provided you continue in his kindness. Otherwise you too will be cut off. 23 And even they, if they do not continue in their unbelief, will be grafted in, for God has the power to graft them in again. 24 For if you were cut from what is by nature a wild olive tree, and grafted, contrary to nature, into a cultivated olive tree, how much more will these, the natural branches, be grafted back into their own olive tree.
The Mystery of Israel's Salvation
25 Lest you be wise in your own sight, I do not want you to be unaware of this mystery, brothers:[d] a partial hardening has come upon Israel, until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in. 26 And in this way all Israel will be saved, as it is written,
“The Deliverer will come from Zion,
he will banish ungodliness from Jacob”;
27 “and this will be my covenant with them
when I take away their sins.”
28 As regards the gospel, they are enemies for your sake. But as regards election, they are beloved for the sake of their forefathers. 29 For the gifts and the calling of God are irrevocable. 30 For just as you were at one time disobedient to God but now have received mercy because of their disobedience, 31 so they too have now been disobedient in order that by the mercy shown to you they also may now[e] receive mercy. 32 For God has consigned all to disobedience, that he may have mercy on all.
33 Oh, the depth of the riches and wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments and how inscrutable his ways!
34 “For who has known the mind of the Lord,
or who has been his counselor?”
35 “Or who has given a gift to him
that he might be repaid?”
36 For from him and through him and to him are all things. To him be glory forever. Amen.”
True, these folk just think Israel’s third resurrection was a coincidence. Apparently, messing with Israel resulting in terrible luck for you is true. We’re watching it unfold. And if anyone is gonna call me a “puppet of the synagogue of Satan” it was also said that Satan would trick people into being anti Israel regardless of where they stand.
Confused at 6:25 when he says the 10 commandments still apply under covenant theology. Did I hear that right? If so, why not all the rest of the mosaic law?
I agree, Christans are not under the Law, see Galatians 3:19,24-29 and note Paul's use of 'until' and 'no longer'. For a more detailed discussion see Acts 15:5-29 and Acts 21:25. Christ Jesus reiterated 9 of the 10 commandments in the Gospels (not the Sabbath btw) and said, "all the Law," hangs on the 2 greatest commandments (Matthew 22:40).
Covenant theology is a huge fragment of the catholic tradition - interpretation of the bible
8:11 Gal. 3:12 "But the law is not of faith, rather “The one who does them shall live by them.” Paul's outlook seems to be that the Law of Moses was an added, temporary thing and The New Covenant in Christ is a return to the Abrahamic Covenant. Compare Rom.4, Gal.3 & 4 then Hebrews which may have been Paul of one of his associates (I'm not picky on that).
I think there was a lot to cover in this video, but I missed more biblical references that support Covenant Theology, which we know to be abundant. For beginners on the subject, the end of the video you made about "why you are not a Lutheran" made a better defense, while this one went more into the controversies and nuances. Considering the porpouse of this series, I think it would be better if it was more focused on conveying the concept and later a video could be made for these smaller divergences.
Hi. So I have a question that maybe you can answer. You mention Hypervalvanism at the end as being taught by smaller denominations, but I've been learning more about th ongoing debate between Calvanists and Armenians (and others) and the Calvanists seem to describe themselves as Redormed -- which it looks like you do as well.
Am I missing some further distinction between the term reformed and calvanism? Is there such a distinction at all? Or does reformed simply mean anyone who is not Catholic?
Reformed theology is called calvinism by a lot of people.
To let you know.
Its not made up by John Calvin😅
These visuals are supposedly so simple, yet so effective.
Donald Macleod of the Free Church gave a lecture on this a while back. There's audio of it on my channel. There are also lectures by him on Rutherford and Boston. He doesn't frame the Marrow Controversy the way you do. Lecture Title: "07 The Adamic Covenant & the Noahic Covenant. The Covenant of Redemption and the Covenant of Grace."
Watching more and more of this series and how different churches who believe these weird biblical offshoots, the more I realize it's no wonder so many people are turned off to church, when it can get so insane, like that communion bit
Zoomer, what’s the best resource on CT you’ve found?
okay this is a little bit complicated.
What is the difference between:
- 1689 Federalism
- Lutheranism (in case of Covenant Theology i assume its a different standpoint)
-Republication
They seem to me as the same,.just the wording is different.
1689 Federalist here 👋🏼
Great video!
Can you make a special episode about the definition of evangelicalism ? What is the difference between evangelical protestants and the other protestants ?
I’m with Paul as he described the Mosiac covenant as “works of the law”! It’s a republication
6:19 2Cor.3 the whole chapter but especially vs. 6 "the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life." vs.7 the ministry of death, in letters engraved on stones, came with glory, so that the sons of Israel could not look intently at the face of Moses because of the glory of his face." When did moses' face glow? When he was coming down from the mountain with the 10 commandments. Paul call this the ministry that brings death but the New Covenant brings life. It seems to me that the Lutheran perspective is better. I read and enjoyed Luther's "How Christians Should Regard Moses" (1525)
Thx a lot bro!
I argue almost daily with my Boomer father because he is absolutely obsessed with supporting "Our Greatest Ally" or like, America is gonna get swallowed by a sinkhole or something.
That how you talk about you're pops, a boomer?
Yep neo con boomers are all zionist and accuse people of replacement theology. That being said, we should always honor our parents and bless them
TBH, Dispensationalism did NOT gain ground until 1948, and this includes Premillennialism, which calls for a literal establishment of a Jewish State.
But everything changed when 1948 happened, where suddenly, Dispensationalist where villified, and cause the instant rise of Premillennialism
We are the continuation of the davidic kingdom through christ,
Many confessionally reformed Baptists adhere to covenant theology. You will say we are reformed, mark my words RZ!
Nope, and y’all didn’t even claim to be until recently
Maybe you could do a vid about each of jesus's parables in the future?
Theological constructs matter! 👏
Covenant theology is also catholic. The catholic bishop Barron has a short video on drinking the blood of Christ where he explains 1 way Catholics understand Scripture.
Ide like to know your thoughts on the messianic denomination
Maybe I'm misunderstanding, but I have a genuine question - if the law given to Moses is a part of the Covenant of Grace, then does that mean, according to Reformed Covenant theology, that all of the laws still apply today? Like, that we should be honouring feast days and we shouldn't wear mixed fabrics? I'm curious to hear your perspective
In Traditional Reformed Covenant Theology, it's believed that Christ fulfilled the ceremonial and ritual aspects of the Mosaic Law through his death and resurrection. These laws, which included various sacrificial rituals, dietary restrictions, and ceremonial practices, were seen as pointing forward to Christ and his ultimate sacrifice. Therefore, with the coming of Christ, these ceremonial laws were no longer necessary for believers to observe, as they were fulfilled in him. This perspective is often based on passages like Hebrews 9-10, which discuss Christ's role as the ultimate high priest and the perfect sacrifice, superseding the need for the Old Testament sacrificial system.
@@pedroguimaraes6094 thanks for explaining!
Generally, you can distinguish three types of laws, the moral law, the ceremonial law, and the civil law.
The moral law still applies (since the nature of morality, being originated in the essence of God, is immutable) but we are not saved by adherence to it, rather we try to adhere to it for the love of God and our gratitude towards Him.
The ceremonial law pointed towards Christ and His redemptive work. Since Christ has fulfilled the ceremonial law, we do not need to adhere to it.
The civil law was given to ancient Israel so that they may be a nation unto God, and to be a nation in the first place you will need some rule of law. This is not applicable to us as we are not in that earthly nation.
Of course these distinctions aren't of such a manner that you can divide up the law verse by verse and say "this is moral, this is civil" etc, but you can see the moral, ceremonial and civil aspects to several laws, e.g. Deuteronomy 21:1-9 (concerning the murder of a stranger) clearly contains both civil and ceremonial aspects of how to deal with the situation, as well as point to the moral law (Thou shalt not murder) and also conveys the mercy of God.
I would suggest reading chapter 19 of the Westminster Confession of Faith, as it explains this better than I could.
Extracted from www.ligonier.org/learn/articles/westminster-confession-faith
CHAPTER 19
Of the Law of God
1. God gave to Adam a law, as a covenant of works, by which He bound him and all his posterity to personal, entire, exact, and perpetual obedience; promised life upon the fulfilling, and threatened death upon the breach of it; and endued him with power and ability to keep it.
2. This law, after his fall, continued to be a perfect rule of righteousness; and, as such, was delivered by God upon Mount Sinai in ten commandments, and written in two tables; the first four commandments containing our duty toward God, and the other six our duty to man.
3. Besides this law, commonly called moral, God was pleased to give to the people of Israel, as a church under age, ceremonial laws, containing several typical ordinances, partly of worship, prefiguring Christ, His graces, actions, sufferings, and benefits; and partly holding forth divers instructions of moral duties. All which ceremonial laws are now abrogated under the New Testament.
4. To them also, as a body politic, He gave sundry judicial laws, which expired together with the state of that people, not obliging any other, now, further than the general equity thereof may require.
The moral law doth forever bind all, as well justified persons as others, to the obedience thereof; and that not only in regard of the matter contained in it, but also in respect of the authority of God the Creator who gave it. Neither doth Christ in the gospel any way dissolve, but much strengthen, this obligation.
5. Although true believers be not under the law as a covenant of works, to be thereby justified or condemned; yet is it of great use to them, as well as to others; in that, as a rule of life, informing them of the will of God and their duty, it directs and binds them to walk accordingly; discovering also the sinful pollutions of their nature, hearts, and lives; so as, examining themselves thereby, they may come to further conviction of, humiliation for, and hatred against sin; together with a clearer sight of the need they have of Christ, and the perfection of His obedience. It is likewise of use to the regenerate, to restrain their corruptions, in that it forbids sin, and the threatenings of it serve to show what even their sins deserve, and what afflictions in this life they may expect for them, although freed from the curse thereof threatened in the law. The promises of it, in like manner, show them God’s approbation of obedience, and what blessings they may expect upon the performance thereof; although not as due to them by the law as a covenant of works: so as a man’s doing good, and refraining from evil, because the law encourageth to the one, and deterreth from the other, is no evidence of his being under the law, and not under grace.
7. Neither are the forementioned uses of the law contrary to the grace of the gospel, but do sweetly comply with it: the Spirit of Christ subduing and enabling the will of man to do that freely and cheerfully, which the will of God, revealed in the law, requireth to be done.
@@uilspieel99 Thanks for clarifying this - so I guess what I'm getting from this is that all 3 aspects of the law point ultimately towards Christ, and therefore demonstrate the continuity of the Covenant of Grace discussed in the video - but that we only need try to keep the moral law, out of our love for God. And that all aspects of the law are fulfilled in Christ.
Hey! I would highly suggest the channel Messiah Matters. They have a bunch of videos relating to questions like these because they believe the Torah still stands. They clear up a lot of questions about moral/ceremonial/civil. Give them a chance, they’re great and full of scholarly knowledge. 🙂
Covenant theology turns into a mess when you try and look at Abraham or Moses’ covenant and you can’t distinguish between Grace or works.
Because it says that during the end times in Ezekiel 38:19 NIV, "In my zeal and fiery wrath I declare that at that time there shall be a great earthquake in the land of Israel." Also in Luke 21:20-22 NIV, [20] “When you see Jerusalem being surrounded by armies, you will know that its desolation is near. [21] Then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains, let those in the city get out, and let those in the country not enter the city. [22] For this is the time of punishment in fulfillment of all that has been written." I am fairly certain that it is talking about the land of Israel. Also, because in John 3:16 NIV, "For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life." Then why would only the "elect" recieve eternal life instead of "whoever believes in him, as stated in the previous verse?
It depends on your category of eschatalogical belief. Some believe Luke 21:20-22 was referring to the destruction of the temple in 70AD.
As for Calvinism, I think its concept transcends time, so therefore anyone who believes can be saved, but only those who were predestined to be saved will believe. Quite paradoxical but free will and irresistable grace can occur at the same time, just our little human brains cant understand it.
Which covenant were the people from Adam to Noah saved by?
You make great videos, bro, i just miss Bible referrences on them
Most boomers are dispensationalists (of some flavor) regardless of denominations. It would be interesting do know how this view became so dominant in that generation, while it's basically non-existent in younger generations?
It was the Scofield Bible, which had some very perverse annotations that equated anything written about the tribes of Israel or Judah specifically with the religion of judaism, as well as making up stuff about blessings on Abram specifically also being relevant to his descendants despite that not being in Scripture at all. That is the primary reason why they think they have to support that state today, because of something not found in the Bible at all, but found in the annotations of the Scofield Bible (and its also in the MacArthur study Bible which is generally quite good, but he seems to pull that one right out of the aether... or more likely, right out of Scofield's notes). So much confusion has been created because of those very deceitful and outright false annotations.
@@HaggisOfDeath I know about the Scofield Bible. But that translation has been around for awhile - why did the boomer take the bate extra hard?. And if I know my boomers right, they don't really get information through reading, but through the ol' TV. It would be interesting to investigate how that brainwashing happened.
19 year old dispensationalist here... 👋
@@Jackoooloop9456 35 years old here. Never read a Scofield Bible (but I have heard of it).
@@The757packerfan never read or heard of it...
So according to covenant theology shouldn't Christians not eat pork? As the previous covenant apply to us as well? I'm new to Christianity and confused ?
I will copy here another an answer that was gave by another guy to this same question.
"Generally, you can distinguish three types of laws, the moral law, the ceremonial law, and the civil law.
The moral law still applies (since the nature of morality, being originated in the essence of God, is immutable) but we are not saved by adherence to it, rather we try to adhere to it for the love of God and our gratitude towards Him.
The ceremonial law pointed towards Christ and His redemptive work. Since Christ has fulfilled the ceremonial law, we do not need to adhere to it.
The civil law was given to ancient Israel so that they may be a nation unto God, and to be a nation in the first place you will need some rule of law. This is not applicable to us as we are not in that earthly nation.
Of course these distinctions aren't of such a manner that you can divide up the law verse by verse and say "this is moral, this is civil" etc, but you can see the moral, ceremonial and civil aspects to several laws, e.g. Deuteronomy 21:1-9 (concerning the murder of a stranger) clearly contains both civil and ceremonial aspects of how to deal with the situation, as well as point to the moral law (Thou shalt not murder) and also conveys the mercy of God.
I would suggest reading chapter 19 of the Westminster Confession of Faith, as it explains this better than I could.
Extracted from www.ligonier.org/learn/articles/westminster-confession-faith
CHAPTER 19
Of the Law of God
1. God gave to Adam a law, as a covenant of works, by which He bound him and all his posterity to personal, entire, exact, and perpetual obedience; promised life upon the fulfilling, and threatened death upon the breach of it; and endued him with power and ability to keep it.
2. This law, after his fall, continued to be a perfect rule of righteousness; and, as such, was delivered by God upon Mount Sinai in ten commandments, and written in two tables; the first four commandments containing our duty toward God, and the other six our duty to man.
3. Besides this law, commonly called moral, God was pleased to give to the people of Israel, as a church under age, ceremonial laws, containing several typical ordinances, partly of worship, prefiguring Christ, His graces, actions, sufferings, and benefits; and partly holding forth divers instructions of moral duties. All which ceremonial laws are now abrogated under the New Testament.
4. To them also, as a body politic, He gave sundry judicial laws, which expired together with the state of that people, not obliging any other, now, further than the general equity thereof may require.
The moral law doth forever bind all, as well justified persons as others, to the obedience thereof; and that not only in regard of the matter contained in it, but also in respect of the authority of God the Creator who gave it. Neither doth Christ in the gospel any way dissolve, but much strengthen, this obligation.
5. Although true believers be not under the law as a covenant of works, to be thereby justified or condemned; yet is it of great use to them, as well as to others; in that, as a rule of life, informing them of the will of God and their duty, it directs and binds them to walk accordingly; discovering also the sinful pollutions of their nature, hearts, and lives; so as, examining themselves thereby, they may come to further conviction of, humiliation for, and hatred against sin; together with a clearer sight of the need they have of Christ, and the perfection of His obedience. It is likewise of use to the regenerate, to restrain their corruptions, in that it forbids sin, and the threatenings of it serve to show what even their sins deserve, and what afflictions in this life they may expect for them, although freed from the curse thereof threatened in the law. The promises of it, in like manner, show them God’s approbation of obedience, and what blessings they may expect upon the performance thereof; although not as due to them by the law as a covenant of works: so as a man’s doing good, and refraining from evil, because the law encourageth to the one, and deterreth from the other, is no evidence of his being under the law, and not under grace.
7. Neither are the forementioned uses of the law contrary to the grace of the gospel, but do sweetly comply with it: the Spirit of Christ subduing and enabling the will of man to do that freely and cheerfully, which the will of God, revealed in the law, requireth to be done."
See Galatians 3:19,24-29 and note Paul's use of 'until' and 'no longer'. For a more detailed discussion see Acts 15:5-29 and Acts 21:25
I kinda see a good point in the Lutheran and Reformed tradition in the same time...
Honest question: why do you think the 10 commandments apply to you but not all the law in Leviticus? Such as Leviticus 19:19, Leviticus 19:27, etc?
You're confusing the ceremonious law with the moral absent-minded brofessor
@@biffspigler1093 that's a modern understanding of the law, there is no distinction between different types of laws in the bible. If there is please show me the verse
@@mateusarruda4875 13And there came a voice to him: “Rise, Peter; kill and eat.” 14But Peter said, “By no means, Lord; for I have never eaten anything that is common or unclean.” 15And the voice came to him again a second time, “What God has made clean, do not call common.” 16This happened three times, and the thing was taken up at once to heaven.
Good video, but I disagree that the covenant with Moses was a promissory covenant. It is a vassal treaty. There was a requirement of obedience in order to receive blessings, and there are curses for disobedience (Lev 26/Deut 28). The Sinai covenant is unique among all others in that regard.
There are important implications here, particularly to your point about the Sabbath, which is the sign of the Sinai covenant that was made with Israel (Ex 31:16-17). Only the Israelites are party to that covenant.
Dispensationalism is a heresy. It’s only been around for about 200 years and the church never believed in that previously.
Just to be clear, you’re calling the literal interpretation of scripture “heresy”. You’re calling it heresy despite the fact that the prophesies about Israel, when literally interpreted, have literally come true. That, to you, is heresy.
@kevinkent6351 You have a problem if you take the book of Revelation literally. It LITERALLY says in Rev. 9 that 200 million horsemen will come against Israel. Is that literal? If so then you need to start breeding horses. There are only about 60 million in the world today. Poor Jesus, He can't come back because His followers haven't bred enough horses so that Rev. 9 will be literally true.
If you really want to learn about Revelation you would notice that Rev. 1:1-3 says that this revealing from Christ was given to John to deliver directly to seven churches in Asia. Furthermore, it literally states that this message is written in signs or symbols (made more prevalent in the Greek), and these events will start to happen immediately in the first century. The Greek word "tachei" can only mean that this will happen shorty after its delivery, and would be impossible 2K years later. It never means postponement until a later time, and is never used in the Bible this way. As verse 3 says to the audience of Revelation, the seven churches in Asia "The Time is at hand."
@@kevinkent6351 If something didn’t exist for 1800 years of the church, it’s probably just wrong.
@@Flame1500 Almost nobody could read and there were very few books prior to the invention of the printing press. Why do you think the Protestant Reformation happened right after the printing press? Because the masses could finally start reading the Bible for themselves. I agree that it wasn't until the 19th century that a small group of Christians started saying, "Umm, the Bible is pretty clear in its prophesies about the reformation of the nation of Israel." I have a study guide from I think 1913 (it's pre-WW1) that lays out all the prophesies surrounding Israel, with the author concluding that Israel must be reformed. Within half a decade, the Balfour Declaration and 35 years later the nation of Israel was reformed, immediately after Nazi Germany attempted to exterminate the Jews. Yeah, the Germans lost 9 million people and the Jews were elevated.
The difference between historic Protestantism and mordern evangelicalism is that the former actually wanted to reform the already existing Church and its traditions by the Word of God while the later seems to want to reinterpret Christianity from scratch.
My issue is that God's covenants with man always involve God fulfilling a promise through a man. Through Abraham, a family. Through Jacob, a people. Through Moses, a nation. Through David, a kingdom. Through Peter, a Church. "But the Church is built on Jesus!" Jesus is God. Technically, God built the nation of Israel, but He did it THROUGH Abraham, Jacob, and Moses. The language Jesus uses for Peter in Matthew 16:18-19 is very similar to the name change of Abram and covenantal language in Genesis 17:5.
As the ELCA slogan goes, it’s Gods work, our hands. God works his freely giving grace through undeserving humans to build society up. The natural order is the invisible hand of the law at work. The Gospel saves, the law guides us to the ideal. Gods Grace sanctifies us into being productive human beings to do good works. We will never be truly freed of sin on our own merits though and that’s why we need God.
How do i learn about Christianity there are 66 books? Or are they books in the bible. Where do i start
There are 66 books in the Bible, my friend, the best place to start is Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. They tell the story of Jesus. After that, you should find a Christian who can disciple you, and show you how these 4 books fulfilled the Entire Old Testament (Genesis through to Malachi), and then set up the New Testament (Acts to Revelation).
@@Jackoooloop9456 thank you this helped alot
Can you do a video on kingdom theory
Wasn't the marrow controversy primarily about free grace?
Can you make a video explaining why every denomination has a different cross
You forgot to mention another "in-between" option: progressive dispensationalism, interdependent covenants in which the successive covenants adds to, updates, and fulfills the previous covenants.
Do you know anything about the Cumberland Presbyterians?
I like how the thumbnail proves the mosaic law is for us today.
Great video! But still confused. I thought most of the early church fathers didn’t see the Lord’s Day as a literal replacement for the Sabbath, but as its own unique day. Also, didn’t the Paul say that the keeping of the Sabbath as not being required for Christians? Why then would Presbyterians go so far as to say that the 10 Commandments apply to the church in the same way as Israel? Isn’t that a bit of a jump?
Yeah its a misnomer for Christians to say the Ten Commandments still apply but many do unfortunately.
The NT reaffirmed God's moral law which basically includes all the Ten Commandments except the Sabbath. Hence we are not actually under the Ten Commandments. Its just that 1-3 and 5-10 are basic moral law.
The fourth.commandment was specific to Israel. Keeping the Sabbath holy was their sign of the covenant. However, the Sabbath was not designed by God as a strict ritual for all of humanity bit simply as proof that humans need to take a day of rest from hard labor.
The Sabbath was created for man.
Watched twice, still clear as mud. Two Calvinist theologians in the weekly Bible study I attend: One subscribes to covenant theology, the other dispensationalism. I asked them both to explain to me why the two are incompatible, and neither could. To clarify why I'm so mystified, let's go through some doctrine together.
Salvation is through faith in Christ alone. Covenant guy: "Correct." Dispensational guy: "Correct."
Moses needs his sins covered by Christ just as much as I do. Both: "Correct."
God does not change. Both: "Correct."
Followers of Christ don't need to keep kosher laws today. Both: "Correct."
The way I see it, we are now both in a dispensation, AND under a covenant that doesn't require keeping kosher. I have yet to see any Scripture invalidate a dispensationalist approach to studying Scripture any more than I've seen one invalidate a covenant approach. The closest I've heard as an explanation for "why not dispensationalism?" is talk of "God does not change." But there's nothing in dispensationalism to suggest that God does change any more than there is in covenant theology. Both affirm that the Scripture was revealed to humanity over a long period of time. God didn't give Noah the 10 commandments, he gave them to Moses. At a later time (dispensation) in history. Which both approaches affirm does not mean God changed one bit. Nor did God change when He did away with the kosher laws. Different time, different covenant.
So can anyone point me to even one Scripture that invalidates either approach? Thanks!
Calvinism has another gospel and christ. Definitely not Jesus The Messiah. Impossible to cohere JTM with the christ of calvinism reformed theology.
Dispensations exist, but that is not the same thing as dispensationslism. Dispensationalism adds a lot of other extra baggage onto it that's not Biblical.
The definition of dispensation means that both Dispensationalists and covenant theologians believe in dispensations. The difference is in how they attribute these things.
Traditionally, dispensationalists (not necessarily modern ones) believed that the dispensations were significantly different from one another. The meaning of the word is simply that God in different periods of time gradually revealed more about his nature and plans for salvation. All Christians believe this basic fact.
Dispensationalism traditionally taught that Jews were saved by the works of the law, Christians were saved by faith, and Jews will again be saved by the law in the future coming millennium. And God only deals with Jews and Christians as separate entities.
Modern dispensationalists are closer to orthodox and reject the idea that Jews were saved by the law and will be again in the future. They still however believe that Christian gentiles and Jews are dealt with separately and are not part of the same tree.
What the Bible teaches is that throughout all of human history we have always been saved by faith and not works. The law was a teacher but it did not save anyone. The law was fulfilled in Christ, and now all people--Jews and Gentiles--are part of the same tree, with that tree being Christ. The unfaithful Jews are cut off and the faithful Christians are grafted in. Unfaithful Christians can also later be cut off as well.
While I believe this aligns more closely with covenant theology, I don't necessarily agree with covenant theology either. Covenant theology believes in the unbiblical idea that there is a new circumcision in Baptism. Baptism is never once called the new Circumcision and Paul completely rejects the idea that Gentiles should be circumcised. Even if you believe water Baptism is required for salvation (I think the Bible makes it clear the one true baptism is holy spirit baptism and water baptism was nothing more than an outward ritual), infant Baptism is never once suggested as something that should be done.
Covenant theologians are typically Calvinists who believe God foreordained everything from the foundation of the world, including everyone who would be saved. I see no Biblical evidence for this; God wants all to be saved and constantly requires people to make that choice of accepting salvation. If God foreordained all who would be saved, that would make God a liar.
The problem here isn't the concept of dispensations. Its all the extrabiblical baggage all of these groups keep adding.
Do not add, subtract, or change the words of the text of scripture.
@@jrconway3 Thank you so much for clearing that up! I think I see now why the two were incompatible *in the past.* I'm 100% certain that the modern dispensational theologian I know would scoff at the idea of anyone ever being justified by works of the law (outside Christ himself, who needed no justification.) Heb 4:15
The one thing you had to say that I couldn't wrap my mind around was this: "If God foreordained all who would be saved, that would make God a liar." I'm failing to recall any Scripture that suggests this. Unless one takes the stance that the Scripture is self-contradictory when it mentions God doesn't want anyone to be lost, (1 Timothy 2:4), but also mentions that some will be lost, (Matthew 7:23), and also mentions that God does *everything* he wants (Isaiah 46:10). (To be clear, I don't consider those Scriptures contradictory.)
To your stance that the Scripture is not to be added to, subtracted from, nor changed I say, Amen! So can you please direct me to the Scripture that says that the doctrine of predestination in regards to election would make God a liar?
(PS. I hate that it's near impossible to be clear that you're not being sarcastic in written form. So... just please take my word for it that the request is legit.) :)
@@propertystuff7221
Dispensationalist here:
Before Paul, humans were justified by faith + works.
After this current dispensation, which is salvation by faith + grace, it'll be by faith + works again
James 2:24 "Ye see then how that by works a man is justified, and not by faith only."
TIL
I was a republicationist reformed protestant for the most of my life.
"Baptists interpret the Bible literally, just to avoid any confusion." 🤣
Excellent summation, that