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Laos Civil War
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- čas přidán 18. 11. 2022
- Wars in Asia - • Asia 2
Website: 20thcenturywar...
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LAOTIAN CIVIL WAR
Perhaps the most politically confusing war of the 20th century! A war with many political twists and turns in Laos, a war that none of the belligerents admitted to taking place, a war where enemies even maintained diplomatic relations with each other, the so-called "Secret War" - likened to men sitting around a table chatting cordially while kicking each other underneath.
The Laotian Civil War was fought between the Communist Pathet Lao and the Royal Lao Government from 23 May 1959 to 2 December 1975. It is associated with the Cambodian Civil War and the Vietnam War, with both sides receiving heavy external support in a proxy war between the global Cold War superpowers.
The North Vietnamese Army occupied the area to use for its Ho Chi Minh Trail supply corridor and as a staging area for offensives into South Vietnam. There was a second major theater of action on and near the northern Plain of Jars.
The North Vietnamese and Pathet Lao eventually emerged victorious in 1975 in the slipstream of the victory of the North Vietnamese army and the South Vietnamese Viet Cong in the Vietnam War. A total of up to 300,000 people from Laos fled to neighboring Thailand following the Pathet Lao takeover.
LAOTIAN CIVIL WAR - Timeline
1885 - France establishes its first presence in a region that would later form part of the present-day country of Laos
Late 19th to early 20th centuries - Further territorial expansions, acquisitions and mergers allow France to form the Protectorate of Laos under the nominal rule of a monarchy; French Laos forms part of French Indochina, which includes Tonkin, Annam, Cochinchina, and Cambodia
World War II - French Indochina is occupied by Japanese forces; after the war, French forces return and regain control of Laos
May 1947 - Laos becomes an autonomous state within the French Union
1953 - In the midst of the First Indochina War, the Viet Minh invade northeastern Laos and then allow the Pathet Lao to occupy these areas to portray the invasion as having been launched by the Lao revolutionaries
July 1954 - The First Indochina War ends with the Geneva Accords - French Indochina is dissolved, French forces depart from the region, and Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam become independent states, with the latter divided into communist North Vietnam and West-aligned South Vietnam
August 1956 - A coalition government is formed in Laos, which takes a non-aligned policy in the Cold War
1959 - The North Vietnamese Army begins construction of the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos to transport war materials to the Viet Cong in South Vietnam
1959 - The Laotian coalition government ends, and fighting restarts between Lao government forces and the Pathet Lao.
1962 - The major powers sign the Geneva Accords, where all agree to respect the neutrality of Laos. Consequently in Laos, another coalition government is formed
1964 - The Pathet Lao breaks ties with the neutralist regime, ending the coalition government, and fighting soon restarts
1968-1971 - Most intense fighting phase of the civil war, where the anti-communist Hmong guerillas engage the North Vietnamese-Pathet Lao in a series of seesaw battles for control of the strategic Plain of Jars
1972 - North Vietnamese-Pathet Lao forces take firm control of the Plain of Jars; peace talks lead to the formation of a third coalition government
April 1975 - The Pathet Lao launches an offensive that captures Hmong mountain strongholds and clears the way for the communist advance to the Mekong lowlands
May 1975 - Communist-led anti-government demonstrations break out in many locations, which pave the way for Pathet Lao forces to enter many towns and cities without resistance and seize control of the local governments; the Pathet Lao soon capture Luang Prabang and the capital, Vientiane; thereafter, the Pathet Lao consolidate political power
December 2, 1975 - Laos is declared a one-party socialist state and the 600-year old monarchy is abolished
Wars in Asia - czcams.com/play/PLUXfpu44ghbA8KVqtZWMpHlv5e79VkK7o.html
I watched this documentary on Laos where a man was fishing in a pond. When the camera zoomed out, turns out the pond was a large bomb crater, and there were dozens of them pockmarking the ground
That was very good, as an overview. My compliments on trying to tell the story of what happened in Laos.
Regards,
T. Buell
Thanks!
Though it's true that the Geneva Accords (1954) barred NV forces from being in Laos, it's because in 1959, NV saw that unification through elections with SV was unlikely and so it started to construct the Ho Chi Minh Trail; it was more about nationalism and not so much about imposing communism
Col. Bounced Saycocie...Bless you
thank you for detailed video
You're welcome, thanks for watching!
The U.S. wasted a lot of money here - they even paid the salaries of the Lao officers and soldiers and the corrupt government
The video does not show the extremely complex political power struggles that took place in Laos between the factions of political neutralists, rightists and leftists during the Laotian Civil War (all resulting from the simultaneously occurring Vietnam War nearby); thus, this simplified timeline
July 1954 - The Geneva Accords ends the First Indochina War, and Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia and Laos gain their independences
November 1957 - After two years of negotiations, the first Lao coalition government is formed, which includes communist Pathet Lao leaders, as well as Marxist Souphanouvong; neutralist Prime Minister Souvanna Phouma implements a policy of non-alignment in the ongoing Cold War
August 1958 - The Lao Legislature ousts neutralist Prime Minister Souvanna Phouma in a no-confidence vote and he is replaced by right-wing Phoui, who purges and jails Pathet Lao leaders and their supporters; thus, the first coalition government ends and fighting restarts between government forces and the Pathet Lao
December 1959 - In a coup, General Phoumi, the ultra-right wing Defense Minister, overthrows rightist Prime Minister Phoui; but at the urging of Western diplomats, rightist Somsanit is named Prime Minister, although General Phoumi holds the real power behind the scenes
August 1960 - Neutralist Lao Army forces oust rightist Prime Minister Somsanit; neutralist Souvanna Phouma returns as Prime Minister; but in a compromise, a new government is formed comprising neutralists and rightists
October 1960 - When neutralist Prime Minister Souvanna Phouma enters into negotiations and reaches an agreement with the communist Pathet Lao, the rightists break relations with the neutralists; the Lao Army is divided, with some units siding with the rightists and others supporting the neutralists
December 1960 - In the decisive Battle of Vientiane, rightist forces defeat neutralist forces; neutralist Prime Minister Souvanna Phouma is ousted by the Lao Legislature and replaced with rightist Boun Oum; as a result, the civil war intensifies, more North Vietnamese troops join the fighting, allowing the Pathet Lao to increase its areas of control; the U.S. also increases its support to the rightist Boun Oum government
1962 - The Geneva Accords are signed, where the US, USSR, China, France, and Britain, North Vietnam, South Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, and Burma all agreeing to respect the neutrality of Laos; as a result, in Laos, a second coalition government is formed comprising neutralists, rightists, and leftists; neutralist Souvanna Phouma is named Prime Minister, and rightist General Phoumi and leftist Souphanouvong are appointed as co-deputy Prime Ministers
1963 - The Geneva Accords remain unfulfilled as the now raging Vietnam War puts great pressure on the already fragile neutrality of Laos
1964 - Following two coup attempts by rightist security forces, the leftist faction and communist Pathet Lao break ties with neutralist Prime Minister Souvanna Phouma and return to their jungle bases, ending the second coalition government and restarting the war
1964 - The unity of the neutralist forces in the Lao Army is broken - one neutralist Army faction becomes left-leaning and joins with the communist Pathet Lao, while the other faction becomes right-leaning neutralists; subsequently, the neutralist Army forces are marginalized in the war, and succeeding battles are fought between the rightist Royal Lao Army- anti-communist Hmong forces versus the communist-aligned Pathet Lao-North Vietnamese Army; in Laos' capital Vientiane, neutralist Prime Minister Souvanna Phouma continues to advocate Laos’ non-aligned status and maintains diplomatic relations with the United States and South Vietnam, and also with the Soviet Union, China, and North Vietnam
1965-1966 - Neutralist Prime Minister Souvanna Phouma’s government is unstable and is hit with several coup attempts but survives and remains in power
1965 - The U.S. intervenes directly in Vietnam, leading to the most intense phase of the Vietnam War; consequently, this was also the most intense phase of bombing attacks on the Ho Chi Minh Trail in southeastern Laos
January 1973 - The U.S., North Vietnam, and South Vietnam sign the Paris Peace Accords, which ostensibly ends the Vietnam War; the U.S. withdrew its remaining forces from South Vietnam, but fighting between North Vietnam and South Vietnam resumes
February 21, 1973 - In Laos, a peace agreement (officially titled: “Agreement on the Restoration of Peace and National Reconciliation”) is reached; fighting stops between government forces and communist Pathet Lao
1974 - A third coalition government is formed, with neutralist Prime Minister Souvanna Phouma sharing powers with Marxist Souphanouvong
April 1975 - The communists prevail in Cambodia and South Vietnam
May 1975 - In Laos, communist-led demonstrations break out in many towns and cities, allowing Pathet Lao forces to enter without resistance and seize control of local governments; Luang Prabang is occupied in June 1975, and Vientiane in August; subsequently, the Pathet Lao consolidate political and military power across Laos
December 2, 1975 - Lao communists proclaim the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (LPDR), a one-party socialist state
I love it, just wish you didn't transition so fast makes it hard to read. 👍
Appreciate the observation. In later videos, I've made the pauses longer between sentences. I also had to consider that other viewers may just be listening and not viewing, so the pauses couldn't be so long.
My bedroom is lonely man please help
Laos was overlooked during the Vietnam War. Because Laos was overlooked, that what leads to America's failure in Vietnam & even Laos & Cambodia.
Technically in 1964, if America were to deploy their troops, they should have deployed majority of their troops in Laos instead of in South Vietnam & fight off the nva in Laos.
Laos have an invader which is the communist north Vietnam. Ideally america should have taken control of that situation. But instead the Americans deploy to south Vietnam which we all know would not work & does indeed lead to the Domino effect of south Vietnam, Laos & Cambodia all fall to communism. Even neighboring Thailand was endangered of falling apart because of Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam.
I agree but I think the reaso why they deployed in the south was because South Vietnam was in a defensive pact with the US called SEATO
1 Asean.
IndoChina Vietnam 🇻🇳, 🇱🇦 Laos & Cambodia 🇰🇭.
It's called "Lao" not "Laos"
Not civil war at all
True, it was the classic proxy war of the Cold War; in another documentary, the analyst commented something like "If left on their own, both sides of the war would have cancelled each other out."