One Side of the Moon ALWAYS Faces Us. Why is that? | Tidal Locking
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- čas přidán 10. 05. 2024
- Tidal locking is when the rotation of a planet or moon is equal to its orbital period. It's actually quite common in our solar system and likely elsewhere. How does that actually happen though?
Nick Lucid - Host/Writer/Editor/Animator
Sean Reese - Researcher
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TIME CODES:
00:00 Cold Open
00:23 Introduction
00:49 Resonance
03:25 Tidal Bulges
06:05 The Factors
09:15 Outro
09:33 Featured Comment
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Corrections:
8:51 My statement about "eyeball planets" lacks nuance. Please read the comment from a NASA climate scientist for more details. Link is in pinned comment.
*Correction:* Dr. Chris Colose (from the climate modeling group at NASA GISS and my Venus video czcams.com/video/Mgw-hMZi5eA/video.html ) chimed in with a comment (linked below) to call out my lack of nuance regarding eyeball planets. He's much more knowledgeable in atmospheric science that I am. If you're interested in learning more, you should check out his comment:
czcams.com/video/fivCstgXlDo/video.html&lc=UgzKfrP2S3e5HAOWlQ54AaABAg.9XfO64dcsp69XgPrULnkL5
cant see it
Actual genuine curiosity here, based on the gif statement
Laser
Light
Amplification by the
‘Stimulated’
Emission of
Radiation
Is it pronounced lay-ser or lay-zer?
Now correct your pronounciation of gif...
@@MrNeuroMind dont click on the link, but rather copy it and paste it manually...
Would we live longer if a day was that long or die younger?
I've known what tidal lock is since 8th grade QPS (50 yrs Ago) but never had HOW it happens explained in such a clear and concise way. Thanks Nick. (I have a grandson who is currently 13 and in 8th grade and we talk about science topics quite a bit. I reference you video's often when he wants to know something a little out of my range of understanding. Keep the vids coming.)
My ever increasing stomach bulge is tidally locked. It always faces the fridge.
Underrated comment
May the fat be with you
Top tier comment 10/10
@topcommentgod
@@TheBlueprintsOrlando fr
Hey nick, I got an idea for a video you might like to make: the weak nuclear force. I'd recommend it because it's so interesting by breaking CPT invariance, and of course how this lead to the prediction of the higgs mechanism.
Great Idea. Nick never made a video on it.
Yes! Like the actually mechanics of it, or at least our present understanding of it.
I never got an intuitive understanding of what it is or how it behaves. Electromagnetism can be hard, but it's rather easy to grasp. It's only one dimension (how much charge, one number, there aren't different types of electric charge), although I don't really understand why the magnetic force isn't a kind of charge here. What makes electromagnetism easier than the others, too, is that the exchange particle (the photon) has no charge itself.
The strong force is different in both ways: there's thee independent charges (called color) and the exchange particles (gluons) do carry color charged and thus can interact with each other.
But at least the exchange particles have no rest mass. And photons and gluons don't interact with each other - neither have gluons electric charge, nor the photon has color charge.
Weak force having none of the easy part. I have no idea what charge is for the weak force. The exchange particles can have an electric charge and aren't massless. That's pretty much all I know about it.
If you know more, please share.
That's a great idea. I would love it.
Don't forget that the weak force treats right and left handed particles differently.
Seriously odd compared to all the other forces.
Thanks Nick, for giving me another reason to be depressed about something that'll take place billions of years later.
No problem 👍
Hei, u look familiar!
time that make that forward moving time machine!
Red Dwarfs :
Long term stability 100
Short term stability -100
He can't beat Kurzgesagt. They're a friggin kings of that.
I loved that segue into the sponsored portion. "Danger lurks in every shadow... kinda like the internet." Perfection!
THANK YOU for the GIF thing
Oh yes, all acronyms need to be pronounced with the sounds of the words they're composed of. Like SCUBA (rhymes with "bubba") and PIN (pronounced "pine"). It's a bad argument. People pronounce GIF both ways. Both are fine. No need to get defensive about it.
Indeed, there’s another image file format called JIF, and pronouncing GIF with a hard-G differentiates the two.
The GIF was created and purposefully and explicitly stated to be pronounced JIF like the peanut butter... specifically for that reason. For those of us in earlier days of computer science, we knew this long before it took off. I don't know why this became debatable.
Idk why nick uses a hard 'G' when the dang creators specifically wanted it as a soft G to compare to the peanut butter.
Choosy developers choose GIF.
@@BillySugger1965 JIF/JFIF/JIFF came after and no on uses it so completely irrelevant
I say GJIF to make everyone mad.
I would also assume a tidally locked planet would have insane wind storms as the super hot atmosphere and super cold atmosphere collide. Assuming the atmosphere wasn't blown off
One thing I don't understand (yet) is this: if the air heats up on the light side and blows over to the dark side, how does the air get back to the light side?
Actually, thinking about it by analogy to the Hadley cell -- maybe the air heats up on the light side, rises, gets to the dark side at high altitude, then sinks? And surface-level winds will be from the dark side to the light side, as cold, dense air rushes in to fill the gap left by the hot, rising air?
Interesting concept, I'd like Nick to chime in!
@@talroitberg5913 yea that's what I would assume, the hot air rising, the cold dense air low tothe ground creating some crazy swirling weather on those edges
@@talroitberg5913 That has been measured in some Hot-Jupiter exoplanets. It is estimated that there is a powerful Jet generated at the ecuator. Like Jupiter's colorful bands, but much bigger. Or... if the planet is an aquatic planet, the ocean can flow in the same way and even up the temperatures.
@@talroitberg5913 Yes, just like sea breeze & land breeze.
8:59
I'm currently working on a science fiction story based on a planet EXACTLY like this. One hot side, one cold side, and the thin "Band" where most of the planet's life lurks. Their day-night cycle is dictated by the very close, very large moon "Ra". In the story, a hero had ventured a little ways into the Hotlands to place a giant solar array. 540 years later, it fails, and someone has to go back out there to fix it.
Cool!!
That sounds very cool!
You should probably check out Roger Zelazny's 1971 novel "Jack of Shadows" to make sure your story doesn't accidentally tread on his. That novel is set on a tidally-locked planet, with the darkside and dayside acting as a metaphor for magic/fantasy vs. technology/sci-fi. Zelazny's story tends more toward the fantasy rather than sci-fi side, though, being primarily set on the darkside with a relatively brief journey to the dayside in the middle.
Can we call that band "the twilight zone" ?
There's one problem with your idea. Your planet would get tidally locked with the very close very large moon, just like Pluto and Charon. Unless they're even closer and couldn't exist at all.
It is a way for a planet orbiting a red dwarf star to have day-night cycles, though.
I love that the topics you cover are so very random covering all aspects of Physics from the very large to the very small, always keeps me wondering what will be coming next!
Gotta keep you guessing 😉
I like how you're including the bloopers IN the actual video as well; it helps views relate more to you since sometimes youtubers can portray a false sense of perfection. Thanks for keeping it real bro. Good info!
A Tidally locked planet to their star with civilizations living in the middle sounds like a great premise for a sci-fi book!
I agree! Too bad I'd be a terrible fiction author.
It always makes me happy to see you've posted a new video. Keep up the great work and thanks for all you've done for the scientific community in helping people understand science better.
Thanks, will do! 🤓
@@ScienceAsylum The Moons tidal locking cannot be 100% perfect right?
In thousands or maybe a million years the side facing the earth must have changed by a tiny amount? Like on the scale of kilometers or meters. Is such a thing measurable?
Dude, Nick, Booba, finally. An explanation of tidal locking that I can wrap my head around. I've watched several videos on the subject and still had questions after. No more questions in my bald chrome dome on the subject any longer, thanks to you. That my friend earns you a subscription and bell ring. You ROCK!!!!
Glad to help! 🤓
_Loved_ the in-line outtakes. Just makes even more entertaining…not to mention informative
i really appreciate your cold opens. you just jump right into it. thank you.
Thanks, doc. I’ve always had trouble getting to the a-ha moment on the torque involved with tidal locking. You got me there.
hi sir, i am a big fan of your vids. has been helping me in my intutions before going into mathematical rigor. thanks a lot !!!
Ahh
That smooth transition to the add made me watch it and write this comment at the same time :)
Thanks for the video btw, its very cool to see these topics can be on the table, as you see them worth explaining. Otherwise, no other content creator in this area would do that sooner, I believe…
I have to occasionally remind myself that not every video has to be a banger.
@@ScienceAsylum Still waiting on your first non-banger. 👌
Always a pleasure learning aside you and all the crazies! Thanks Nick!
Hey man I love your vids! Thanks for taking the time to make these! I look forward to them alot.. Peace man
there really are only a few channels i really look forward of watching as soon as they upload. PBS SpaceTime, Gorgc, Veritasium, Vsauce and science asylum(in no particular order). Keep up the good work buddy
Looks like I'm in good company.
@@ScienceAsylum i also recommend exurb1a(exurb2a) but he doesnt upload very often
What I'm suppose to learn... tidal locking. What I actually learned 'tugging causes bulging'!! Excellent video, finally helped me visualise how tidal locking works.
thats what he said
Well the ancient Greeks once tought the ocean was actually the god/titan Okeanos, makes the tugging a bit perverse would you think so?
Have been waiting for these videos! Thank you!
The sponsor segue was so quick and smooth, I loved it
2:08 Hey Nick. It's been nice knowing ya. Thank you for your videos & explaining everything in such a simple manner.
Wishing you all the best for your future though.
😆
Thanks for the great explanation.
I was told that the tidal locking of the moon is due to the fact that the moon's center of mass does not coincide with it's centre of gravity (the earth pulls harder to the side facing earth than it does to the dark side) and consequently a torque exists keeping one side facing towards the earth.
Is this nonsense or does it also play a role?
It's not so much the pronunciation that bugs me as the sloppy justification. Try pronouncing "laser" using the initial sounds of "light amplified [by] stimulated emission [of] radiation".
@@hughcaldwell1034 team JIF for the win.
I've always thought living on a moon to a much larger planet would be absolutely stunning. And thinking about it, with my limited knowledge on the subject, I reason a world like that orbiting a low mass K-type, or maybe even M-type star though the gravitational forces involved and our observations of M-type star systems would make that far less likely, would be one of the most advantageous for life to develop. Being shielded by the parent planet from high energy particles and a long lived star seems like a good combination. But maybe the idea of the view biases me? XD
i think it is a truly fair assumption, at least in comparison to most other possibilities!
@@HumanScourgeYT How so? Not to say you are wrong, I'm just curious as to your reasoning.
@@HumanScourgeYT I just re-read this and realized I completely misread it the first time around. My apologies.
I love that they're keeping amusing bloopers in
I am SO glad you gave the more complete explanation of tides. thanks for that.
Nice shirt where’d you get it?
😂 It's a great shirt!
You had me at "gif"
That line at the end before the sponsor was badass and metal
Nick -- I happened onto your channel a few weeks ago, and I want to congratulate you for your content and your presentation. Very well done. I'm only an amateur physicist, but after viewing a number of your videos, I can attest that you're remarkably careful about your language when describing physics. As you know better than I, that's hard to do -- and so important, especially when it comes to physics. One point of view begs another, which begs another, which begs another, and so on. Extreme care is needed to reach the rich ambiguity and interconnectedness that are present in so much of our theories, hypotheses, and conjectures. Congratulations!! (And your videos with your wife as the "straight man" are absolutely great.) -- Randall R. Scott
Nice T-sirt👍👍
Thanks! It's my friend Jade's (Up and Atom's) shirt...
...as in she sells them, not that it's actually her shirt... that would be weird.
@@ScienceAsylum lol :p
@@ScienceAsylum nice one👍👍
Great video, always checking your channel for new videos, would be great to get some more quantum mechanics stuff :)
They're coming! I just needed some lighter topics because I'm moving.
The best explanation for the pronunciation of the acronym GIF ever.
Yay !!! New video !! Love your videos. Thank you !!
I was thinking about this the other day... What the atmosphere would be like. Wind, habitable zones etc. And thanks for pronouncing GIF correctly. :D
Hands down some of the most consumable science media on youtube.
Great video. Also, nice new spin including the bloopers with your wife. Thanks for brightening my day again. :-)
"Are you experiencing tidal forces, or are you just happy to see me?"
--Gex
From one Nick to another, yes! Gif with a hard G.
however I would pronounce Charon as Sharon not Karen but American v British English... Whatever, i know what you're talking about, and that's more important. Good job Nick.
I used to pronounce it "ch-aron," but then I learned it was Greek. Had to train myself to say it properly.
The bloopers are hilarious! It’s the imperfections that make it beautiful! 😁
2:03 thank you, for pronouncing gif correctly!
Asimov wrote about tidally locked habitable planets in The Foundation Trilogy. Nice described as "houses with the windows facing to the eternal dusk"
A 8760-hour day? Clearly I'd have to take more than one nap!!!
Thanks Nick, I loved this video!
2:03 Thank you! I'm glad I'm not the only one to figure this out.
Not only that the motion of the bulges slow Earth's rotation down, in turn it drags the moon along its prograde and go into higher orbit, eventually moving further away from us.
This video is so good that I felt bad that Nick didn't mention the departure of the Moon due to the tidal forces, in my opinion the only thing missing to complete the subject
@@pedroadonish Yeah, to me it's almost poetic that the Earth and the Moon are trying to slow each other down, while it resulting in pushing them apart.
Dang, I really thought I'd have a fighting shot to be the first comment on this video. I think this came out great, and I'm really glad you and I are one the same page about gifs.
I'm really happen with how it turned out too 🤓
New content. YAY!!!! You just made my day...
dude you just solved the gif dilema, thats the best point ive ever seen why it should be pronounced with a hard g sound and i totally agree with that!
I was wondering about the moon resonance and spin and why it have a dark side today and literally got my answer
Glad I could deliver 👍
When people refer to the dark side of the moon, it isn't literally dark as in no sunlight. Dark side is reference to 'unknown' and 'communicate blackout'.
It’s “gif”, not “gif”
Controversial opinion.
nerd clone is that you?
@@kakalimukherjee3297 angry reply to controversial opinion
Great video Nick! Thank you!
A can not believe that you dont have more subscribers, you have what has to be the most entertaining science channel on youtube.
You get extra applause this time Nick, for (a) knowing how to say "GIF" and (b) using the Wilhelm Scream! I see you're heading for half a million subs. Keep it up, word is spreading!
The GIF part is enough for a giving this video a like.
This is a quality packed video, from maxwell's velocity distribution to what not! I didn't encounter such thing in classical mechanics since the energy and momentum conservation laws.
I actually yayyed out loud when I saw this upload!
I think tidally locked planets would be somewhat likely to have life on them (compared to other planets), because you would experience the perfect temperatures for life right on the edge, and variations in that temperature closer to one side or the other.
I would imagine that the absence of the rotating day/night cycle, changing seasons and tides would make the environment far more static in any one place, even with a wild variation from day to night side, making them far less likely to develop life. But some still would.
Any that do harbor life would produce an absolutely fascinating split of adaptations on either side of the twilight zone, though. They are probably some of the most diverse and incredible alien trees of life out there.
@@davidrader1856 Wouldn't a more static environment be more comfortable for life? I don't understand how that can be used as an argument against its existence.
@@ScienceAsylum As far as genesis, I have heard that the tides were vital for mixing the primordial soup, and I would assume the day/night cycle and seasonal flux helped do that similarly. Also, the evolutionary pressure of a locally fluctuating climate would be far more effective at producing higher forms of life. A stagnant environment would produce stagnant life.
In a way, just like the infamous rat utopia experiment, what is "more comfortable for life" is paradoxically not so good for life. Life needs a little discomfort to force it to grow and adapt.
All that being said, I stiil think tidally locked planets could produce intelligent life, i just think earth-like rotating planets are better at it.
It's worth adding that in our solar system Venus is an example of a planet that is very advanced in tidal locking to sun, as it's currently has only 2 Venus days in 1 Venus year (116,75 Earth Days per one Venus Day, and 224,7 Earth Days per one Venus year), so it's pretty much an even worse example of a deadly planet, as even if it had a nice atmosphere that would be ok for life (Earth like density, chemical composition, no poisonous gasses everywhere) it would still most likely could not have any complex life on it, as it would have a slowly moving scorched earth side, and a slowly moving polar side, so the zone decent for life would be also on the move, so no static life could develop there, like plants (except for some ultra extremophile plant life).
It's a good idea, but there's a few wrong assumptions here.
1) the reason venus is so hot is because of the greenhouse gas clouds. These clouds reflect 70% of the light. Much of the sun's radiation does not even reach the lower atmosphere, and is not a source of heating.
The bigger issue is that there is no tectonic activity and water. Water dissolves the greenhouse gases, which react with the surface to form carbonates and sulfates. These are subducted into the mantle, which regulates greenhouse gases.
Venus could very well be habitable if tectonic activity could be restarted. In reality, slow rotators (venus as you said is not tidally locked) cannot be tidally locked if they have an atmosphere. The atmosphere and oceans axtually distribute heat so equilibrium is reached across the surface, even on the shaded side.
Actually, Venus spins once on its rotational axis every 243,69 Earth Days, which makes its sidereal day slightly longer than its year. The only reason its solar day, the time from one dawn to the next, is "only" 116,75 Earth Days is the fact Venus spins on its axis clockwise while orbiting around the Sun counterclockwise, not only making its solar day shorter than its sidereal one but the Sun also rise in the west and set in the east.
I just discovered your channel and I really enjoy your videos!
0:43 is what i taught my 8yo niece about the basics of probability. We used dice, coin flips, and even shaking popcorn kernels through a custom sieve (three shakes and counting how many fall out). These are fun grade school level experiments and even though you always have outliers, the results always fall within a predictable approximation. It doesn't matter for how long you run the experimemt for, or how many times, the outliers just disappear into irrelevamt noise while everything else stabalises toward a clearer representstion of itself.
2:03 Out of curiosity, how do you pronounce "laser"? I naturally assume you say "lasser", as the pronunciation of the letter in the original word seems to be the defining rule for you.
(Good video otherwise though lol)
😂 I might start saying "lasser" now.
i just say lazer
@@ScienceAsylum Respect.
Hello nick ! Magnetic fields produced by motion of charge particles then how come neutron star ,made of neutron ,is able to produce magnetic fields ?
Only the inner core of a neutron star is mostly neutrons. The rest of the star still has plenty of electrons and protons to go around
@@donbower net charge should be zero then ?
@@jaikumar848 The net charge of Earth is 0, but it still produces a magnetic field.
Neutron Stars are mostly made of neutrons but other type of particles also exist in their interiors, making the interiors contain powerful electrical currents and therefore, they also have magnetic fields. They're kinda like Electromagnets. Charge on neutron stars isn't zero!
Also, neutrons themselves are composed of charged particles and possess magnetic moments. (I don't claim this is how neutron stars get their insanely strong magnetic fields.)
The outtakes make this so much more fun!
This man just doesnt miss
With that 100 million years for the moon to tidally lock does that take into account the moon being much closer initially and then receding from us increasing the orbital radius and the impact moon theory with it being much more elastic in the past due to it being much more molten? Or is that taking the moons current modern stats?
Was probably calculated with that taken into account
They probably just calculated how soon it would need to be locked to create the difference between the near and far sides.
Given that the reason for the moon being closer initially and then receding from us is because it became tidally locked, I assume so. But don't quote me.
What if in an alternate history Mars was swapped with Venus earlier while Io was put in orbit around Early Venus (not the current one with a runaway greenhouse effect) as its moon
That ad transition was smooooth
Whooo!!! I always perk up when theres a new video for science!! 💖💖💖🔥💝💞💜💕❤️ Loved this one!!! ❤️❤️❤️
First:) yey
Nope sorry - I am first 😎
The Allpowerfull Lesbian Family street gang members are the Alpha and Omega. One for all and all for one Allpowerfull Lesbian Family street gang for ever!!!
@@aqa5794 You weren't first either.
@@ScienceAsylum hey Nick, I really like your videos, they are really too good, can you please make some videos on thermodynamics
Thermo always scares me
@@ScienceAsylum 😫😫😫😫 missed again .. tried it FAST FAST - wazznt fast enough 😁
So when we pull on each other and engage in some tugging, along with a massive amount of fluid pressure, we can cause a bulge. GOT IT!
🥵
See what you did there.
If we're too close, all the pulling and tugging can cause the pressure and heat to go way up, and some of our hot interior fluid can get squirted out.
Of course, I'm talking about volcanoes. Like on Io, for example.
@@MagnusSkiptonLLC Smooth
thats what he said
It's Really nice to see the Up and Atom Shirt!
That transition to sponsor was smoooth
One of the more interesting videos in this channel. Since the age of the universe is only around 13.8 billion years, anything that takes longer than that to happen have not happened yet, even if it could happen. Just like black dwarf.
7:13 divide by 0 is undefine, not infinity. But that's what usually the scientists or physicists would say, in contrast to mathematicians. What's actually true is if the bottom number approaches 0, then the top approaches infinity. But then, no object is perfectly rigid / sphere. Infinity in this case would just kinda mean it would not happen. But of course something would eventually get in the way to prevent something to happen if the time required is long enough. Death of the star, external interference, proton decay, expansion of the universe, heath death, etc.
Interesting about bottom number as 0 making the top number infinity. So then a larger number at top would become a larger infinity!
While it takes really long for a tidal lock of the earth to the moon, the length of a day is continuously reduced by a measurable amount.
Isn't it actually increased? Since the Earth's rotation is slowing down, that would imply increasing day length.
@@GTAVictor9128 Yep. Earth days used to be about 6-8 hours. We've slowed a _lot._
@@SirRebrl
And that would also imply that earth gravity used to be a lot lower back then but has been steadily increasing due to the centrifugal force decreasing.
I saw that you had 499k subscribers just an hour ago, and I only subscribed a bit after that and now notice you've hit 500k, so congratulations to my favourite science youtuber
very nice video nick
i watch all your video
keep it up
Yes, it's GIF with a hard g because it stands for graphics interchange format. Also, it can't be pronounce JIF as that is a registered trade mark of a brand of peanut butter.
Just like we all pronounce it LASER with a soft 'a', because "amplification". Say, how do you pronounce NASA, AIDS, or SCUBA? Or while we're discussing acronyms of image formats, JPEG?
Your last sentence about not being able to call it JIF because of a brand of peanut butter is untrue. There was a car company called Saturn. That doesn't make it so we can't ever use the word or speak it. For the record I also call it GIF with the hard G.
@@MrT------5743 that was just a joke
@@ScottJPowers A pretty bad joke you mean?
ngl that transition to the sponsor was flawless
The best part of this video is nick pronouncing gif correctly
Those lines from 8:59 onwards seem like an opening for an awesome sci-fi novel, set on an alien world. Brilliant
Great video Nick.
Just found you from the how many earths can fit in the sun and I’m here to say keep up the good work.
I particular like the bit where you break down the variables in that equation by how much influence they have on the result.
Never thought I will see expression "Tidal Love" in astronomy video :D
I love and value all the work you've on your videos
Thanks! Glad you like them.
Nice video, one of my student recently asked me why we only see one side of the Moon. This video helped a lot :)
Also, nice T-Shirt ;)
Now you've got a video you can send them 🤓👍
I've watched a few videos now on this topic and this is the first one where the concept really clicked for me thank you
Glad I could help :-)
"It's the imperfections that make it beautiful" now it is my quote )
I appreciate so much for your defense of the power pronunciation of GIF.
Thank you for making this video
Like your clones. They are always keep in you on your toes. Great concept. Good show. 👍😉😎
new subscriber, love your videos keep up good work!
Thanks! It's always nice to hear some appreciation. It's motivating.
I am so glad that you brought up it is called synchronous rotation. Whenever people just call it tidal locking and leave it like that, it sounds like there's some sort of mechanism that forces it to happen and doesn't let anything change, when it's really just inertia and gravity that makes it happen.
There's also some ambiguity with the term "tidal locking." Some astronomers use it specifically to mean synchronous rotation. Others use it more broadly to mean any spin-orbit resonance. I had to make a point to declare my personal use of the term.
Thank you for the GIF
My Goodness! Someone said GIF correctly! Amazing!
I only understand a small portion of what I see on this channel but I'm right with you with the GIF thing