How to photograph a black hole - with Ziri Younsi
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- čas přidán 15. 06. 2024
- Photographing a black hole used to be science fiction. But in April 2019 the Event Horizon Telescope made it reality - and Ziri Younsi was part of the team behind the breakthrough.
Watch the Q&A with Ziri here: • Q&A: How to photograph...
See our playlist of talks about black holes here: • Black holes
What are black holes? How are they created? Was the black hole in Interstellar accurate? And why did it take over a century between the discovery of black holes and confirmation of their existence?
In this talk Ziri explores how we are now able to capture images of black holes using the Event Horizon Telescope, what we can learn from these images, and how these and future explorations will help advance our understanding of the origins of space, time, and the Universe itself.
This talk was filmed at the Royal Institution on 25 February 2023. We believe that science is for everyone - visit our website to find out more: www.rigb.org
Ziri Younsi is a UKRI Stephen Hawking Fellow at UCL's Mullard Space Science Laboratory. After graduating from the University of Cambridge and subsequently UCL, Ziri began working within the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) in 2014, first as a Humboldt Fellow at the University of Frankfurt and later as a Leverhulme Trust Fellow at UCL.
His research program develops and performs supercomputer calculations of black holes, underpinning the EHT's interpretation of black hole images. He is a co-recipient of the 2020 Breakthrough Prize for Fundamental Physics and the Royal Astronomical Society's 2021 Group Achievement Award. In 2022 Ziri was elected to the EHT's Science Council, and is co-lead of the EHT's Gravitational Physics working group. Watch Ziri's CZcams channel here: / ziriyounsi
00:00:00 Intro to the project and team
00:06:02 A brief history of black holes
00:15:18 The first ever photograph of a black hole
00:19:05 What is a black hole?
00:28:49 What does a black hole look like?
00:33:20 How accurate was the black hole in Interstellar?
00:34:10 Understanding black hole images
00:40:43 The imaging process
01:01:00 What have we learnt so far?
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That is the single greatest presentation I have seen on any subject. So much explanation and I felt I understood all of it, and now, 3 seconds after the video, I understand nothing. But I know I've been watching gravitational violence on a level beyond anything anyone will ever comprehend, and a global effort of science to take a picture of it that turns my knees into jelly.
Complex topic, presented by an expert usually involved with the discoveries if they are current, and made understandable to a civilian with a glancing knowledge of the topic. The Royal Institute Lectures : accept no substitute. This was really, really interesting.
Thank you for your nice comment @Czechbound, I'm glad you found it interesting.
@@ZiriYounsi It was really fantastic !
Someone who holds a lecture where Newton sat gives a shout-out to whatdamath, congratulations Anton
Fantastic presentation. Thank you.
One of my fav. Ri speakers so far. great presentation
in case anyone is wondering, no you can't surf gravitational waves. Einstein ends up falling
Yes
I was so surprised by the shoutout! What a wonderful person, this Ziri guy. Keep mathin', @whatdamath!
Thank you to the RI for hosting such a great talk!
Our pleasure! We're so glad you enjoyed Ziri's wonderful talk.
Very nice presentation! Many thanks. Looking forward to see the results of the next steps. 👍👍👍
Watch Ziri's Q&A here: czcams.com/video/AwBRPrOBVTY/video.html
And if you liked this, check out our playlist all about black holes: czcams.com/play/PLbnrZHfNEDZx9TYta68iHw8XiH35kmxYR.html
Amazing presentation. Thank you. This must be clear even to the non scientifically literate people.
You must excluded me . I have patents, am 83 so that’s my excuse. I shook hands with Niels Bohr in 1961 but obviously something didn’t rub off! I,m having trouble with time slowing down as gravity increases , at no time gravity is infinite! Nothing is infinite so I,m lost
@@Robertnight888 general relativity is not easy! Fast speeds and strong gravity slows time down. You're correct, infinities don't exist in nature, this is why we say that general relativity breaks down at singularities ( black holes). But if it was easy then all of us would be Einstein! 😉
Outstanding presentation
Brill!
I love when the Ri notification appears.❤
Terrific lecture!
stunning video
LOVE U SO MUCH!!!
Fascinating
Fantastic lecture 👌
Super unbelievable Friend
Fascinating.
This was an amazing lecture, I could've easily watched & listened to this for another 9 hours 🙌🫶
Thank you @MadMaz1983!
Wow , we need these kind of lectures
Specially in India
It's definitely one of the best presentations on using EHT to image a blackhole. Ironically, the VLBI used by the EHT team is similar to what goes on in the human eye and visual cortex of our brain. Very ingenious, I'll say.
Thankyou.
Wow, thanks for your clear & engaging lecture on such a complex topic an what a truly collaborative task that is being undertaken.
Thank you @daveac, I'm very glad you enjoyed it and it indeed truly is an enormous collaborative achievement!
Thank you, RI for having a talk with the real person not a zoom call.
Great
The actual explanation of the technique starts around 49:00, FYI
One more question, if you could create a micro blackhole and have if it merge with another one and capture the energy they release would you end up with more energy or nothing, and what happens when there's too many of these can we destroy it?
Long time no see prof David Tong
So is the spinning the reason why the gravity waves don't propagate in all directions from the celestial bodies, or is that from interference patterns? You'd assume they would go out in all directions, but simulations always just show the waves in a flat plane. Since space is a vacuum does that mean the gravity waves propagate the full length of the universe? If so then does that mean that the waves from all the black holes would be creating interference patterns throughout the universe, or do they not act the same as other lights?
That the simulations only show two dimensions is mostly a limitation of what you can display in a flat graphics plane imagining three dimensions.
But as those waves are the result of an acceleration mostly in a two dimensional plane (such rotations necessarily are), most of the excitation IS in one plane. (Ironically, but practically, depicted perpendicular to the actual distortions.)
The transition of magnetic structures inside heavy atoms under extreme gravity at the black-hole's horizon may make skyrmions with spinning pointing to the center -1. Do this spinning behavior make skyrmions extremely stable and slippery? Please talk about the relation between black hole and skyrmions.
Nice, thanks!
But:
Ziri Younsi said: "General Relativity breaks down on the scale of Event Horizon and can't explain Dark Energy"
Well, GR breaks down in the central "singularity" of a black hole, it doesn't break at the Event Horizon. Furthermore, GR can't explain Dark Energy simply because it is not a theory of energy content of the universe, its a theory of how that energy (mass-energy) curves spacetime and how that curvature on other hand influences its distribution. So GR doesn't break, even doesn't have a bump, because of those two things.
This guy is the superbrain
❤❤
Nice shoutout to Anton Petrov @whatdamath, I love his channel.
Could the big bang have been a white hole and might it be from a black hole in another universe?
I would like to see the original data and what they had to do for it to look like that.
Do you have ANY idea how much data that was? PILES of harddrives.
@@TheEvilmooseofdoom I heard they butchered the data to make it look that way to justify a image believable to be a black hole.
But... but... but... how is it possible to photograph something which does not exist?
That would be a REALLY good trick!
👍
Docteur Ziri Younsi De Pere Algerien
Wow , yes he must be brilliant but I lost it a bit! I was under the opinion that as gravity increased, time slowed down, and hence I would assume that the “speed” of light slowed down meaning that the frequency/ wavelength of light would vary and I feel something is wrong with spin affecting the frequency “only” and not the change in time …. I must be stupid !!
E=mc² - If it is a constant, then all the universe would know about it - Mass, Energy and all the rest...
"A derived Value must not violate the Concept of its Value.
In any system of energy, Control is what consumes energy the most.
No energy store holds enough energy to extract an amount of energy equal to the total energy it stores.
No system of energy can deliver sum useful energy in excess of the total energy put into constructing it.
This universal truth applies to all systems.
Energy, like time, flows from past to future".
5 pixels does not an image make
show me one that's 100 x 100, then I'll be more excited
Can we just go back to calling them dark stars? It's so much cooler and so much less misleading.
Does anybody think we could use the spin of a black hole To determine the age of it😮
E=Mc2 innit brev
Haven't we seen this already? How many Black Hole discussions do we need?
It's the same old discussion every time, how much longer until we can we get a new topic?
So if it's not big enough it can't disturb the fabric to the level it needs to make the waves large enough to get the power needed for collapse?....like a jelly....? Lol
As of our knowledge, space is 2D flat. If so, why we are living in a 3D world. Stars, planets and atoms are 3D spheres. However, black hole is 2D and thus is as flat as space also 2D. Gravity is always associated with space, and light is paired with time. When gravity is as extremely strong as one in the center of black hole, light completely disappears. Mass represents for gravity. Light as photons has no mass. So, following logics, light is not affected by gravity. However, in reality, light circles around a black hole and creates a donut or a torus. Why so?
Imagine a center of gravity creates attraction circles as a field with max acceleration rate G on its 2D plane. Gravity represents stillness. On other hand, light creates expanding circles as a field with max acceleration rate velocity of light c/second. The field of light represents for energy or perfect motion, and it creates 2D space where light can shine. The field of light, as I imagine from the logics of what we have known, a 2D plane must cross straightly with the 2D plane of the gravity field in 90 degrees. The total energy in equation E=mc^2 shows the conversion of energy between these two fields or these 2 planes. Fields of light are circles with their centers on the horizontal circle of a black hole and perpendicular to the gravitational circle or the plane of the black hole. Circles of light looking like donut ring, and black hole is the inner circle of a donut. When light energy expands, the donut ring expands and eat away the energy of black hole. So the inner circle of donut shrinks and finally disappears in the explosion of donut ring into a sphere. When the black hole eats and takes away energy of photons of light, the inner circle of donut expands. The donut ring shrinks and collapses on the black hole plate.
We live inside the donut ring and experience both the attraction force of gravity and expansion force of radiation energy of photons. Therefore, we have both mass as inertia energy and thermodynamic energy as of vibrations of atoms inside our bodies and our motions in space.
Sun and earth are spheres because their black hole centers are hidden inside the spheres.
Light without mass moves on planes entangent with the circles around a black hole and creates straight cylinders of light around the black hole. Lights of different frequencies and wavelengths can move on the walls of their cylinders as the sin waves.
Galaxies, stars and dust with mass and energy move around like strings or springs circling around in the donut ring of a black hole. Stars and dust move around the center of a galaxy where its black holes is and create arms of the galaxy. Because the different levels of gravity around a black hole are so much stronger than those around a galaxies, the fabrics around a black hole is so much denser than those around a galaxies. Therefore, dust around a black hole has the shape of a donut ring. Dust around a galaxy has a spiral shape.
Dark matters show no light and thus have no thermaldynamic energy of motion and no entropy. Dark matters only stay on the planes parallel with the plane of black hole.
The center of a black hole is a point of number 0, where all energy is inertia dark. So, a black hole does not shoot out Hawking radiation beam at its center. Yes, it shoots out radiations on its border.
Imagine we have a straight triangle ABC. The black energy level of a black hole is AB, x axis. The thermodynamic energy of the black hole is AC, y axis. A dust has a total energy equal AB+AC or AC.
Gravitational field lines, as in my model, are always cross perpendicular to the space plane create the x axis. The 2D plane has y axis and z axis. A dust moveing in space has thermodynamic energy of xy = v^2, and its changing level in gravitational field is z=m. So the changing energy of that falling dust converses kinetic energy (1/2)mv^2 on yz plane into inertia energy level mgh on the circle with radius x1 to the circle with radius x2.
Light with different frequencies has different energy of photons E=hf=mc^2. A photon circles around a black hole at frequency f1. Mass of the photon m1 = hf1/c^2. We can say a photon has no mass in our space yz but has a potential mass m1 compared to the pptential energy of zero at the center of the black hole. Therefore, blue light with higher frequencies moves closer to the center of black hole than red light does.
An object moves toward us has blue-shift, but a object moves away from us has red-shift. After the big bang, the universe was built and is as we are today. Different object has different level of gravity or potential energy level on x axis. Imagine our legs pointing toward the center of black hole and our heads pointing outward to the open universe. When an object moves closer to us, it moves closer to the center of the black hole. It increases its potential energy. It circles around the black hole faster and radiates blue-shift frequencies of light. When an object moves away from us, it moves away from the center of the black hole. It loses its potential energy, and it circles around the center at reduced frequencies. It radiates red-shift light.
You are a Celeb
No one ever did this.....
To explain layman that why they have to go beyond the Event Horizon to the point of Infinite aka singularity for both Black holes and of BigBang why they reversed present expansion rate to the point of zero Dimensions why not they stop at Perticular Quantum limits like of degeneracy pressure points of every available particles of the universe instead of infinite Density ? Why not they have choose the idea where all the Particals of Blac hole or of big bang mass compressed to the Finite point instead of infinite unrealistic Idea ?
IT WAS NEVER A "PHOTOGRAPH" its a computer generated image using data from multiple telescopes and satellites.. SCIENTISTS are supposed to use the correct terminology...there is a HUGE difference between a "photograph" and an "image"
Is it an image "drawn with light?"
@@mburland no.. coz light cannot escape a black hole! they never even got an image of the black hole (its impossible) they only got an image of what is swirling around the black hole...
Radio waves are light. They used radio waves to make image. Photo means light Graph means writing. They made a photograph, please pic up a dictionary
@@foxlimey ..i think you should re-read what you just said! and go learn some physics .... an image.. generated by computers is NOT a photo/photograph.. ..radio waves need to be converted to a range we see... therefore its an IMAGE...
@@WacKEDmaN A PHOTO IS AN IMAGE CREATED BY USING LIGHT. THIS USED RADIO LIGHT, ITS A PHOTO
Creating an image is not capturing an image.
Think Zou Ziri
Einstein was RIGHT about not accomplishing speed of light, Because he was thinking SOLIDS, Period. but according to MEHRAN TAVAKOLI Keshe Speed of light is possible when your spaceship is in state of PLASMA. Unfortunately, there are group of people that have put Mehran's New physics in the back burner (for entire world) and the one and only reason for this is because the OIL industry will be destroyed.
Anything with matter travels below the speed of light. Massless particles travel at the speed of causality, which is the speed of light. Please pick up a book.
@@foxlimey No you stay in your Einstein Fantasy. I go with new Physics.
@@semorgh2854 Extraordinary claims require extraoirdinary evidence.
Just putting out wild hypotheses does not new physics make. And when you start to promise "fee energy" you most probably have entered the realm of conspiracy theories.
@@HotelPapa100 I believe the guy that tells you how to make Tritium and Deuterium Plasmas AT HOME. There is no Conspiracy with thousands of Videos he has in his Foundation.
@@semorgh2854 Then why don‘t you do it, publish ,and win a Nobel prize?
Much time is spent here praising the people who "discovered" or theorised various laws and concepts. Almost as though by glorifying them, they become the creators of these things. It is an odd phenomenon.
It's called celebrating curiosity.