Harriet Tubman - IJAMBO RYAHINDURA UBUZIMA EP239

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INCAMAKE Z'AMATEKA YA HARRIET TUBMAN:
Mu cyaje kuba Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ubucakara bwahagaragaye ahagana mu mwaka wa 1619, ahari agace kari ak’Abakoroni b’Abongereza muri Virginia.
Ikura ry’ubucakara ryakorerwaga abirabura, ryaje guhindura isura bamwe batangira gushaka uko babwikuramo.
Herriet Tubman yabigizemo uruhare.
Herriet Tubman, wavutse yitwa Araminta Ross, yavutse mu 1820 avukira muri Maryland, Amerika. Yaje kwitaba Imana muri Werurwe tariki ya 10 mu 1913, muri Auburn, i New York.
Kuko ababyeyi be nabo bari abacakara, Herriet nawe yavutse ari umucara ku mazina ya Araminta Ross, nyuma aza guhabwa izina rya nyina Herriet.
Urumva ubusanzwe umwana ahabwa izina rya Se ari bigendanye n'amateka y'ubucakara barimo yahawe irya Nyina.
Uretse ko burya mu bihugu byateye imbere, ahenshi iyo umwana avutse afata izina rya Se, hakiyongeraho irindi rimwe, nanubwo muganga yirirwa akubaza amazina y'umwana.
Umwana avuka yitwa izina rimwe rya Se nyuma nibwo mu mushakira irindi cg mukaba mwararishatse mbere yo kuvuka, ni ikintu baremye kuko izina burya riba rifite ikintu risobanura ku muryango, iyo witiranwa na So wirinda gusebya izina rya So, uritwararika.
Herriet Tubman Mu myaka ye y’ubuto yakoze imirimo inyuranye aho twavugamo kuba umukozi wo mu rugo, ubuhinzi, guteka, umwashi (kwasa) n’ibindi.
Ahagana mu mwaka wa 1844, Herriet yaje kurongorwa na John Tubman-uyu akaba yari umwirabura ariko utari umucakara.
Mu wa 1849, Herriet/Araminta yumvise amakuru y’uko agiye kugurishwa, hanyuma yanzura ko agomba gucika.
Yaje gucika ava aho yari umucakara, ahasize umuryango we, ndetse n’umugabo we, hanyuma agana muri Philadelphia.
Bidatinze mu kwezi kwa 12 mu 1850, Herriet yaje kugaruka ngo atware umuryango we.
Nyuma y’uru rugendo, Herriet yafashe icyemezo cyo gutangira gukorana n’ikitwaga ‘Underground Railroad’.
‘Underground Railroad’, bwari uburyo bwakoreshwaga n’Abanyafurika b’Abanyamerika (African American), ndetse banafashijwe na bamwe mu bazungu ngo bahe icumbi, ndetse n’ubundi bufasha abacakara babaga batorotse ba sebuja mu Majyepfo ahavaga abacakara benshi: Kentucky, Virginia na Maryland.
Herriet/Araminta yahisemo gukorana na Underground Railroad, ari uwo bitaga ‘conductor’.
Icyo yakoraga ni ukuyobora abo yabaga acikishije, akagenda abahisha mu ngo z’ababafashaga, mu nsengero z’abirabura, yewe no mu mashuri.
Herriet yaje kuba ikirangirere muri uyu murimo, bitewe n’uko yatorokeshaga abacakara benshi.
Byaje kugera aho abantu batangira ku mwita Moses (Musa), iri zina akaba yararyiswe kuko mu itoroka bagombaga kwambuka n'amaguru umugezi utemba kandi ntihagire upfa.
Mu kwezi kwa 6 mu 1857, Herriet yazanye ababyeyi be.
Nyuma y’amezi macye abagurira aho bagombaga gutura muri Auburn, i New York (hari mu 1858).
Mu myaka ya 1862 kugeza mu 1865, Herriet yari mu Majyepfo ya Carolina aho yakoraga nk’uwita ku barwayi, ndetse n’ibindi. Aha, yari umukorerabushake mu cyari ‘Union Army/Union Force’.
Nyuma y’uko hasohowe ihame ry’uko abacakara bose babohorwa, bakishyira bakizana mu kiswe ‘Emancipation Proclamation, tariki 01 Mutarama 1863 Herriet yahise ahabwa inshingano yo gutata, hanyuma akajya atanga Amakuru.
Ibyo, yabikoze neza, ndetse aza no kurema ubucuti hati ye na Colonel James Montgomery umwe mu barwanyaga ubucakara.
Aba babiri; Herriet na Col. Montgomery bateguye igitero cyo gutera ahitwa Combahee River.
Iki cyari igitero kigamije kurokora/kubohora abacakara bari bahatuye bahinga umuceri.
Mu ijoro ryo ku wa 1 Kamena 1863, bari bafashe amato berekeza iy’amazi bagana ahitwa Combahee.
Ku wa 2 Kamena 1863, Harriet n’ingabo 150, mu bwato bwa ‘John Adams’, hatanzwe ikimenyetso, hanyuma ababyeyi bafite abana barimo barira, ingurube n’inkoko byiruka mu muvumba w’abantu.
Kuri uwo munsi abarenga 700 babohowe mu bucakara bakoreshwaga aho bahinga umuceri. Icyo gitero, cyagize Herriet intwari, ariko ntiyahembwa!.
Herriet Tubman yabaye umugore umwe rukumbi uzwi wayoboye urugamba mu ntambara ishyamiranya abaturage y’Amerika (American Civil War).

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