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- čas přidán 5. 03. 2014
- The trajectories of individual charged particles leave behind cloudy trails as they ionize the cooled, supersaturated air-alcohol vapor inside this diffusion cloud chamber. Alpha particles from the radioactive decay of an inserted 2% thorium alloy rod form dense condensation trails nearby. Farther from the rod (beyond 10 cm or so) various types of charged particles leave evidence of their activity, including alpha particles (dense tracks, perhaps from the decay of radon isotopes), muons and energetic electrons (faint, seemingly straight tracks), and relatively low-energy electrons and beta particles (faint, tangled tracks).
This movie shows a basic, qualitative demonstration of the presence of subatomic particles; techniques to more accurately identify and measure individual subatomic particles are possible with this apparatus.
The cloud chamber was first developed by C.T.R. Wilson around the turn of the 20th century to study optical phenomena associated with mist and clouds (he received the Nobel Prize in 1927). When charged particles ionize a supersaturated vapor, a trail of ions is left in the path of the particles. The ions act as condensation nuclei for the alcohol to condense on, and a thin line of fine droplets is formed in the path of each particle.
The range of the alpha particles from the thorium source is about 4 cm. As the alpha traverses its path, it slows down gradually and becomes more heavily ionizing by virtue of the fact that it spends more time in the vicinity of air molecules in its path. Evidence for this can be seen by observing that the tracks become denser with increasing distance from the source.
This particular diffusion cloud chamber was built by Supersaturated Environments of Madison, WI (www.cloudchambers.com). Dry ice pellets under the chamber floor help to create a steep temperature gradient from top to bottom. Felt strips along the top of the chamber are soaked with 95% ethanol. The viewing area is 51 square centimeters, with inscribed "+" marks every 10 centimeters. The special slide inserted into the Kodak Ektagraphic III projector saves the viewing audience from unnecessary glare.
REFERENCES
* W. Gentner "An Atlas of Typical Expansion Chamber Photographs" Pergamon Press, 1954.
* E.W. Cowan, "Continuously Sensitive Diffusion Cloud Chambers" Review of Scientific Instruments 21, 991 (1950)
* R. Cases, E. Ross, J. Zuniga "Measuring Radon Concentration in Air Using a Diffusion Cloud Chamber" Am. J. Phys. 79, 903 (2011)
For some more details on our setup see:
sciencedemonstrations.fas.harv...
More than 30 years ago I bought a cloud chamber kit from Edmunds Scientific. It came with the chamber, uranium ore, radium paint used for watch dials and hands, and a big metal washer to block some rays and a booklet on different experiments to perform.. Spent hours and hours fascinated watching various tracks. All for, if I remember correctly, ......$19.95.
AHhh.. good old E-bae! 😂
Nice watch, nerd. What you keeping time for?
You good? @@space_audits
Just remember that this is happening around you all the time. Including occasional heavy-hitters from outer space.
Best comment here
That's what im thinking. Pretty crazy ive first learned about this now at 18. Not that it changes anything but its just cool to have a visual.
What I was going to say is that they are happening THROUGH you all the time which is wild to think about.
Naw
We're all one huge chemical reaction, just sucks I'm personally in my particular end of it. Or that our reaction has what feels like a personal side and this little interaction here between me n you readin this rn
3:01 high energy alpha particle XD
The really long decreasing parabola-looking one? do you know what the little ones are?
Perhaps beta decay… electrons. According to the cloud chamber wikipedia, beta particles appear as way thinner streaks while the alpha particles are the broad ones. Also, the beta particles are way more subject to deflection apparently, so they bounce around more.
i love this shit
I think that one was from a cosmic ray, which is kind of rare to catch on video. Probably a proton or neutron. Really cool!
yea i know right
1st time seeing a cloud chamber, and a great quality video of one at that... to actually be able to visibly see radioactive decay.. mind blowing.
I could watch this all day....
Just watch the chemtrails in the sky...
i was just thinking that in those exact words - then i thought gosh smh hahah
SUCH a cool visualization of cloud chamber. Was just studying this and was trying to visualize it in my head. Thank you so much for making this!! :D
Very neat looking cloud chamber.
Great to see on such a large scale. Thanks for posting.
This has been around since 1911 and today is the first time I have ever heard of this....WTF PUBLIC EDUCATION????!!!!
The most astounding thing I saw at Boston's Science Museum. The trails of subatomic particles visible in real time as they wiz by all around us.
It’s like seeing behind the veil, into a reality normally hidden to us but exists all around us
The higher the concentration of alcohol the better. We want the chamber to be quite saturated. So 91% isopropyl might be your best bet.
what camera and microphone do you use?
Does is track gamma radiation?
This is the most beautiful cloud chamber video I've ever seen !
I have been around reactors up close and personal. This is some cool stuff here that I had never seen before.
THis is AMAZING! you guys deserve more views
Simple set up. Thanks!
I never knew this was possible. That's incredible!
1:46 is a coded message! Call Ant Man!
I saw the same thing
This is an incredible video
The cloud chamber in Science World in Vancouver used to have a piece of uranium ore in the centre, surrounded by a fuzz of radiation about 1 cm thick. Then they took the ore out, probably because some people felt that the uranium was too scary!
Interesting, what's the correlation between the patterns and the Thorium, I know it has something to do with the radioactivity, but are these patterns actually the decay chains? It's beautiful, and I'd love to know what those reoccurring lines that fell into multiple strands were! (EDIT: LOL I probably should've read the description before asking, hey I was almost spot on.
Would you be able to use schlieren imaging in conjunction with this?
damn, great light source idea!
fascinating, thanks
Fascinating
Would there be a benefit to using a de-collimated coherent light source like a green laser for instance?
That’s so cool
The range (distance travelled) of alpha particles of Thorium is about 4 cm... at what atmosphere? Assuming different pressure differences have been tested, what was (if someone knows) the distance(s) travelled, same setup/differential pressure? Ty
Is there any reason why there couldn't be some reflective(mirror) material on the opposite side of the light to help "fill in" the chamber?
Doesn't sound like a bad idea.
What am I looking at exactly here? I get that the projector is shooting a cross section of light but what are all the streaks that show up and why do they?
I don't know what's Happening here , but this looks coooooooooooooooool
Thank you
Did you see that one on 3:02. Epic!
That was a alpha particle
I First learned about cloud chambers in 9th-grade science. Yes, really!
arethere Clund and Bubble Chamber alternative (e.g. to study "virtual" particles)?
How thick was the metal plate at the bottom of the tank? I'm trying to make a cloud chamber and looking to figure out why mine isn't working: I've got a 10"x10"x10" tank, a 5/16" thick steel plate, 10"x10"x3" chunk of CO2, 99% isopropyl alcohol. Cant seem to make a cloud.
Very cool! Why are some shorter? I would expect that you would see trails all the way to the outer edge of the chamber.
Clus Kdi'id They pass through the chamber at a steep angle.
Can you see the nebulous interweave that appears when you don't focus on any one portion and shifts about?
Woah did you see that one at 2:35? It went across the whole chamber!
I did! Perhaps it was a high energy alpha ray but usually they’re more dense and produce a lot more vapor
When a trail suddenly ends, does this mean the particle has 'stopped' or just moved outside of the tank? If so, wouldn't you see a spark? Why do some of the trails have curved trajectories (eg: 3:01).
Thank you for this!
From what I read I think they stop moving from losing energy. As for why they're not all straight lines I dunno :p Maybe they hit something?
Well they seem to ricochet off the wall (based on the trail) so moved outside the tank is out.. Then the possible explanation would be losing acceleration
@@saltaiaw These are charged particles, so they rotate around the magnetic field, the curve gets greater curvature as the particle loses energy from interacting with the supersaturated vapor. this can be shown simply as Rcurve = mv/ qB where m is the mass of the particle, v is the velocity, q is its charge (generally + or - e for most particles), and B is the magnetic field.
@@Dealve Thanks for the information! I don't really get all the equation stuff but I think I understand what your saying in this case.
@@Dealve But is there a magnetic field present here? There are no coils making a Mfield?
try adding some element 115 to that haha
COOL !!! INDEED !! THANKS ! FROM U.K. (2022).
Its possible to replicate rutherford gold plate experiment using this instead of the zinc screen?
Amazing world .
3:02 a really fast alpha particle i think that's crazy
This is really cool. I'm curious about something I saw twice, at timestamp 1:44 where on the right it's as if two mirror-image tendrils form and come together.
What we're seeing there is the image of the vapor trail reflected in the condensed liquid at the bottom of the chamber.
LSD told me to come and watch true story, now Iam here and Iam so thankful it is astonishing, really amazing!
Is this a time lapsed video? The number of particles passing through seems huge if it's real time!
Can't the amount of particles be artificially augmented?
3:02 that was a blaster particle from the intergalactic Death Star ray.
can 70% isopropyl alcohol (surgical spirit) be used??? answer asap... need to do project soon.... please!!!
its not concentrated enough
1:46 - what sign was that? letters i mean... O_o
That's cool, it's like Sherlock Holmesing the hidden mysteries of our universe.
guys can u help
whats the length and the time taken for the trail of alpha beta and proton radiation
thnx
Yes
Is that a welding electrode?
+ChimpFromSpace Yes.
So when there are those random tracks that seem to just bolt right out of the air itself. Does that mean that parts of the air we breath are totally radioactive?
Its some leftover radiation. Not really dangerous. Its everywhere.
Everything is radioactive, to wildly varying degrees, due to naturally occurring isotopes in all elements.
So fucking cool! I gotta try it sometime.
can i get the same results with crude monazite crystals ?
@@jclouds2257 its everywhere near my location, so i guess i am more bombarded with the background radiation. my specific question was, will i get a more vigorous reaction with enriched monazite crystals ? or do i need even more pure source ?? please tell me.
How does this work? I see the dry ice and the alcohol but still can't figure it out
The dry ice makes the floor of the chamber very cold relative to the top of it, which allows for the interior to become supersaturated with water and alcohol vapor. When a charged particle such as an electron or helium nucleus moves through the chamber, the gas in its wake becomes ionized, and the surrounding vapor condenses around it to form the little clouds that we see.
Now I know how the lighting started in the cloud
Kade Hennacy No, this is "perhaps radiation decay", AND is the trajectories of charged particles. This will still work with the absence of the Thorium rod.
My Dad made one of these at a middle school Science Fair. A Cloud Chamber. And I guess some US Military men gave him their card said call us.
its like watching the universe but at super speed
It's interesting to see what is passing through your body all day every day of your life. Those random high energy particles aren't best for one's health, I hear...
wow..
If these things are traveling at nearly the speed of light, then why do they look like they are traveling at maybe a few meters per second through the vapour?
That's the speed of droplets formation around the trail of ions left by the relativistic (speed of light moving) muon, it depends on the gas.
@@kronozzo yes
came from the latest veritassium video
Soooo how does one build this?
Here's one way to do it czcams.com/video/xky3f1aSkB8/video.html
Who's here from Derek (Veritasium)'s new video 🤯👍👍
Бля круто... залипаешь когда смотришь на это :D
вместо аквариума домашнего)
Are these Birkeland Currents ?
What we're seeing are mostly alpha and beta particles produced via natural radioactive decay in the local vicinity of our cloud chamber (the tungsten rod that we see inserted into the middle of the chamber is also undergoing radioactive decay, with the alpha particles making short, dense tracks). Occasionally we will also see evidence of muons, which are particles produced in Earth's upper atmosphere as a result of interactions with cosmic rays, and the amount of muons we see is influenced by Earth's magnetic field. So we are not seeing electric currents here in the cloud chamber directly, but some of the activity we do see is a result of cosmic rays interacting with the upper atmosphere, and the paths that those cosmic rays travel on their way to the upper atmosphere are influenced by geomagnetic conditions.
particles flying through my head maybe
How were those classical pictures of cloud chambers produced that show very orderly spiral trails of particles? Such as at static.ddmcdn.com/gif/blogs/6a00d8341bf67c53ef0148c8402cff970c-800wi.png
+Windy City As I recall they use powerful magnets so the charged particles follow the magnetic fields, which allows them to work out which particles are charged or neutral, and make inferences about what the relative weight and charge of them might be (based on how much they are influenced by the magnetic field).
those were taken in a bubble chamber, which uses a similar but different (and more technically advanced) method of making the tracks visible. also, the curling was due to high magnetic fields.
the curling indicates electrons or positrons, and they curve in earth's magnetic field
Background radiation ❤️
I'd like to make one of these some 300 meters away from the Chernobyl reactor and see what happens
It starts dancing
We made a toaster dance with it. And a bathtub tried to eat his friend's baby.
Why some lines are thicker than others?
It may be that they are the tracks left by alpha particles, which are more heavily ionizing due to their size and net charge.
Like a falling stars....
How do you know these particles are charged?
When a charged particle passes through the chamber, it ionizes the vapor inside it, which results in a condensation trail. So what we are observing here is consistent with the particles having positive or negative charge.
Although it isn't feasible to do so with this particular apparatus, one could apply a magnetic field to the interior of the chamber. The charged particles moving through the magnetic field would deflect as a result of the Lorentz force, and the trajectory could be used to tell the type and magnitude of the charge.
@@NatSciDemos why doesn't a particle begin it's trajectory at one edge of chamber and end at another? why does it appear for a short distance in the middle??
@@NatSciDemos A good question has been raised in relation to the cloud chamber, and it's been 3 years with zero answer, so... would you kind answering?
@@grafdragula4270 The particles lose kinetic energy when they interact with the air and alcohol vapor in the chamber.
what is the science behind this?
Yes
Why do some of the particles not go in a straight line and others fly perfectly straight?
Late to the party but it's because the particles are easily deflected by oblique impacts with matter. The angle of deflection during those impacts are effectively random and occur many, many times before the particle stops.
very much like dropping a ball through a grid of pegs, the deflections are seemingly random but if you were to scale up the number of pegs but keep the same spacing and ball size it would usually take a fairly straight path but sometimes veer around or rarely take a sharp path to the left or right.
I found some video where this phenomena appears to be happening at high altitude in Earth's atmosphere:czcams.com/video/1Z_-uK5Btik/video.html
My guess is radiation from some solar storm event is getting enough charged particles through to cause water vapor nucleation at high altitude where temperature and pressure are quite low. So solar weather appears to have some effect on Earth's weather.
Thoughts on this?
I think it's really the radioactive isotopes ionising....what else could it be?
pauljs75 notice that the trajectories differ. They are not from a single source like the sun.
I think that on a very foggy and moist day at high altitude you may see it happening..
that has nothing to do with radiation. That's a crown flash. An optical phenomenon when suspended ice crystals in the air shift from strong electrical fields. That would instantly bend light going through them. This happens at the top of thunderclouds.
It's dark magic, I tell ya!
Nature of Reality......All composite things arise and pass away, all composite things are impermanent. We are just an observer who observe this arising and passing away.
COSMIC RAYS
What would happen to the particles in a strong magnetic field?
The ionizing particles would deflect in a strong magnetic field.
Maybe I'm just dumb but I don't get what's special I see this happening but what's so amazing about it?
YOu are watching the moves and behavior of unbelievably tiny pieces of matter you are supposedly never be able to see...
Basically, Howtobasic but less fun
i did this in my car
Holy fuck! This is an ASMR video. Haha
Hoy Quantum Day
This is from Harvard? NGL I thought this was some drug dealers basement for a second.
Could be both
15 years I have studies chemtrails, I first saw this on the James Burke "Connections" series. Thanks for sharing your work. He is the result of mine:
+bmosley4444 www.ethericwarriors.com/forum/research-and-development/5006#p17506
Brent R. Mosley DELETE YOUR ACCOUNT
@@bmosley4444 Twat.
Balls
chemtrails
BArs
It looks like chem clouds to me. The ones that I see daily in our sky made by planes. Not Contrails. Chemtrails.
Go back and finish school.
Ignorant moron.
anyone here from school
This video needs narration to tell the viewer what he is seeing.