This is the 1st video I watched that addresses a possible solution to the lack of magnetosphere on Mars! Thank you! All this time and even though the idea of colonizing other planets excites me, no one was addressing the elephant in the room! No magnetosphere - no life! Even if humans live underground on Mars to protect themselves, they would still have to protect the flora and fauna from radiation too!
Possibly once we can safely create nuclear fusion power plants. We migt be able to create a self generating magnetic field by rapidly rotating such a fusion power plant. One placed at the center of Mars' core, if that is even possible. Or maybe place a series of them in equitorial orbit around the planet so that their magnetic fields can interact and link up to reinforce each other.
@@matyasbures8248 There is an idea to build a megastructure between sun and venus which would be metal frames having huge glass panels. It would act as giant sunglasses blocking sunlight and also filtering UV light
I reckon it would be a lot harder to spin up Venus than it would be to create an artificial magnetosphere on Mars. To do so will probably require giving Venus at least one moon (probably taken from one or more of the solar system's gas giants) nudged into a carefully controlled orbits which very slowly increase the planet's rotational speed. It would probably take centuries or even millennia of gentle gravitational tugging to speed up the planet's rotation without tearing the planet apart, or creating so much geological upheaval or atmospheric turmoil that the planet remains uninhabitable long after the optimum 24-hour Venusian day has been achieved. Also, Venus has virtually no atmospheric water, and not enough is known about the composition of the planet itself to know how much water is present, or if there are sufficient resources to produce it artificially. It's not hard to imagine that on top of speeding up Venus' rotation, and converting of most of the planet's atmospheric CO2 into non-volatile forms, it might still be necessary to spend centuries raining down water ice, collected from the Kuiper Belt or other water-rich places in the Solar system, to create the seas and rivers necessary for an earth-like ecology. Who knows how much chemical tinkering will be necessary before the Venusian atmosphere, surface, and water bodies stabilise and become compatible with recognisable forms of life we might engineer. Nope, Venus isn't going to become Earth II any time soon. Mars is by far the more attractive proposition. It's smaller, cooler, exposed to way less solar radiation than Venus, and it is known to have exploitable water resources. Importantly, humans can likely achieve a sustainable civilisation on Mars as it is right now. The solar system is rich with metals and other raw materials that will eventually make planet-scale engineering on Mars possible. Perhaps the future humans of Mars will conceive of a way to create an entirely artificial magnetosphere, or perhaps technology to "pump" the feeble engine at the planets core until it produces a magnetosphere on it's own. Venus may seem like a viable option comparable to Mars, but in reality it's completely beyond any technology we can reasonably imagine. Human colonisation of Mars is the only reasonable goal for the time being.
If you kept Mars on the colder side of temperate and essentially terraformed it into a frigid planet-sized-Scandinavia, would the frost make it any harder for the water to escape into space? It would be pretty cold, but obviously a perfectly livable place for a first-world developed society.
Yes, just like the Antartica is the driest place in Earth (I mean the air there), but at the same time, it's the biggest fresh water reservoir in Earth. At those temps (below 0°C), the solubility of water in air it's pretty low, that way its very difficult for the water to go into vapor state.
In about a billion years earth will be right on the inside edge of the habitable zone of the sun and Mars will be in the middle of it. As the density of the core of the sun increases it speeds up the rate of fusion and makes it hotter. The low mass issue is a bigger one
@@timothybayliss6680 Yea I’ve thought about this, Mars might be habitable naturally but it’ll take a billion years because of the suns expansion. I wonder if Venus was once habitable?
Climate change will reverse itself if we stopped using electricity and gasoline and paved rooftops white instead of black. Co2 is captured by rain water ozone is produced by lightening. It's almost as if the planet had this happen before... Wait.... A♤A♡A◇A♧
1 Tesla? Is that all? We have permanant magnets that strong. It's more effective to have some very good conductor, cooled down by space, powered by solar. You'd have 1-3 Tesla's at least then, so good redudancy. Might be worth "editing" or manipulating Jupiter's magnetic field with strong electromagnets to make it's moons safer for human habitation or mining.
@@dalellll you need heat shielding if facing the sun and you need cold shock resistance for when the sun is not in view but either way you're gonna need to use traditional cooling like liquid nitrogen
On venus, we live in the Sky. We release Algae that will live in the Clouds. As well as a big shade/Electromagnet/solar generator. Shade reduces the radiation load. Solar genaretion to electromagnetic field, shields the planet. Without the pressure of that plasma being that strong, Atm pressure can receed, Accelerating tho cooling. That shade? Also a power source.
What I have seen on these youtube channels, is that 50 km up in Venus's atmosphere is a more Earthlike environment. Early concepts are for floating balloon like crafts. How it could become a self sustaining colony is a great challenge. The atmosphere could be cooled with a sunshade but terraforming the high pressure is a Grrreat challenge.
I have been wondering about this for a while. Thanks So what is the minimum amount of mass required to keep oxygen from reaching escape velocity?! Demois size? Phones sized? Just sayin? There seems plenty of extra water and mass floating around!
Okay first of all The Water Is real salty you have to purify it. Also your colonists will grow these weird masses on their throats from the salt. Not to mention the problem of extreme solar radiation causing cancers And defects Also mental disorders. With all these taken into account people Might start tearing each other apart
I'd be cool by myself on mars for a couple years, probably wouldnt want to come back, you say radiation i say rust. You say salt problem i say desalination, reverse osmosis, distillate or w.e.
Hey man it slowly escapes for 2 reasons, 1 low gravity, technically earth loses a lot of atmosphere too. But mars is wayyy more. 2) solar wind, lack of magnetosphere ionizes the atmosphere and strips it iff into space so yeah gotta have that shield!!! I say test at mars L1 between mars and sun
I was wondering about this too, but missed video when it came out. Thought it could be a good sequel to Lost: move the island to Mars to establish magnetic field!
I think mars would be more costly but in the long term be more easy it’s quite easier to give something an atmosphere that’s take one away and you would see many sights I mean mars has two moons that could be much easier to travel to
How many kilograms of what kind of metal would you need to create a 1 Tesla magnet? How expensive would it be to send it from the Earth to orbit or sorry, L1 point from Mars? Your explanation is the best I've heard of this idea so far. Great stuff
Isn't it possible that a strike, by a large enough object not only would add some needed mass to Mars but, if the trajectory was right get the inner core moving again? I realize this could also change the spin of the whole planet to some degree but a shorter day/night cycle seems like a good exchange for a planet that could hold its own atmosphere. The next question is, how long would it take for marks to even set down and be stable enough to land on if we brought something or multiple things, into collide with it and increase its mass and get to core spinning faster? While I know that more mass could be measured almost immediately and it would not take long to know if the core was rotating faster - the time span of any results from this could well exceed the lifetime of man. It seems like trying o do this as 'naturally' as possible - just helping the universe do it how its always done it, would not be of any benefit to mankind. Seems like we would really have to find a totally artificial way where the results - breathable atmosphere and stable surface water - would be there in a decade is more the way we would need to be exploring and/or find a truly habitable planet or satellite somewhere.
Derailing a body big enough to actually speed up a mass like Mars is about 100 years past out capacity. For now our best bet are small icy bodies that would add heat and gasses to the planet on impact, and protecting it with the Lagrange point magnet until we get better technology.
This was really good, a great explanation about why mars does not cut the mustard for earth style life over reasonable time scales. What about schemes to cool (reduce incident sunlight?) Venus somehow ?
The solution to the escaping gases problem on Mars is to just produce more of the gases on Mars at a rate faster than those gases are lost. Or at least that's what Jim Oberg wrote in his book on terraforming.
The atmosphere was stripped away over several million years (could be several hundred), so unless we move that slowly to terraform our plans will work just fine. Of course in the coming millions of years we do need to get better solutions.
@@MrRelojero Algae. Have huge algae pools that will grow on the surface of Mars that convert all that CO2 into oxygen at a greater rate than you lose it. And, hey, you're going to run out of CO2 on Mars just before you run out of any and all atmosphere.
@ttzaxt15 I think that is the first step anyways. We need a magnetic field around Mars to protect life from solar radiation. Once we have that, then we can start getting to work on making Mars habitable. I do like the idea of a magnetic shield. It would provide a temporary solution until we can strengthen the one currently on Mars.
If we can make an artificial global magnetic field on Mars, terraforming the planet would become much easier! Mars lost much of it's atmosphere, purely because the planet doesn't have a magnetic field that's strong enough for Mars to keep it's thick atmosphere
A magnetic bubble does not need to cover the whole planet but can be generated locally on the surface to protect a colony and can be increased in size as the need arises,same principle
I have a question. If we could divert Ceres (dwarf planet) into a Mars Lunar orbit could that create a magnetosphere with the tidal pull created on the planet?
It seems unbelievable that H2O vapour is lost to space on Mars. Surely when vapour becomes ice crystals it would have enough mass to fall back to Mars' surface as snow? If not, I wonder if some kind of insulating atmosphere can be created to cloak Mars not permit water vapour to escape? There are obviously some serious challenges for terraforming and colonising in a sustainable way, but I don't think it's impossible.
Maybe your best video Anton. This is an incredibly fascinating idea. Though your realism about colonizing mars is a breath of fresh air. Frankly I think it's a mass hysteria with these mars people you want so badly to get there. It's just not that friendly a place to go, with little potential in the end...
What you describe is about protecting March from the effects of the solar wind. But the solar wind is electrically charged, and will affect the satellite with a force (the magnetic field acts as a solar sail), which will act to move the satellite. How large is the effect of the force, and how much power is needed to counteract it
This is lateral think genius, well done for considering Mars by leaving it alone and tackling the problem from a new angle, escaping gases is a potential problem but that is only potential problem and since Mars did have an almost Earth like atmosphere or so they say it did, then why can't it again with this method of creating a magnetosphere off the planet to protect it from solar rays/winds?Excellent video.
I would like you to show an experimental video of what would happen if we added asteroids and comets to Mars, to increase its mass and water (assuming the magnetosphere issue is fixed). How much mass would we need to add to change the escape velocity of water and oxygen? I am assuming we can simply send drones into the asteroid belt, and the oort cloud.
Would the giant magnet idea stop the probable electronic disaster from the emp effect of a major solar flare, and would that be more cost effective than protecting everything with military grade emp protocols on our electronics?
We could create huge space crafts to glean gasses from various planets, and then transfer those gasses to other planets and planetoid. For example suck up huge amounts of CO2 off of Venus, and then add it to the Martian atmosphere. Ammonia, a nitrogen source, could be transported from Jupiter to Mars as well.
You don't need to have free oxygen and water vapour on Mars long term. Get the pressure high enough to block radiation, stop micrometeoroids, and let us enclose large volumes with relative ease. The breathable air can be in the domes, tunnels and covered craters. Just removing the need for pressure suits in lower elevations would be a huge benefit.
Oxygen at high concentrations is perfectly safe to breath and being paramagnetic the atmospheric pressure can be controlled by a combination of magnetic strength and volume
ok, here´s a crazy thought: we obviously have to start colonizing mars using greenhouses, but what if instead of going through all that trouble with giving mars a magnetic field and atmosphere, we simply increase the size of the greenhouses until the *entire planet* is covered? say a few 100m above ground, with the volcanos peeking out and becoming landing points for space crafts. no more gases vanishing into space, and with such a slim/flat 'atmosphere' getting a decent pressure and temperature would be easy (compared to heating an atmosphere thats several kilometers thick)
Lagrange points 1, 2, & 3 are unstable. Points 4 and 5 are stable. Jupiters has asteroids in its orbital path at L4 & L5. The ones at L4 are called "Greeks," and the ones at L5 are "Trojans."
Yes, by hitting it with another smaller such body at the right angle to increase it's rotation speed. I believe it's core has solidified. Why go back to the old anyhow? Apparently, we do in the future. *stringline (FTL + "training wheels").
I think the best ideea is just to build domes with some powerfull electromagnets included around them... so the microatmosphere and the people living inside are protected against solar radiation... and with some deep tunnels in case of a big solar flare ... when alarm goes off ppl can just run in the underground shelter .
Not keeping all the eggs in one basket i think its a smart idea...We don't know what catastrofic event could hit Earth in near future ..so ensuring our species survival has to come first. And then could always use the built in domes as bases for further exploration,space station, mining and defence bases.I think the best option for an Earth 2.0 is to find an Earth 2.0. Who would live there? Scientist, military ...it doesn't has to be a home ,more like an work place.
I don't think what you're saying about Mars' gravity being able to hold water vapor is true. I believe (and I'm not a scientist, but this is what I think) what matters more is atmospheric pressure. Liquid water cannot exist on Mars because the atmosphere does not provide enough pressure to sustain it in that state. What this means practically is that it cannot rain on Mars. And when it cannot rain, the water either exists as vapor or ice on a planet. Because any water that appears on the surface of Mars is instantly flashed into steam, the escape velocity effect occurs exactly as you say it will. However, if the atmosphere were sustained at a higher pressure by preventing CO2 from being stripped away, liquid water could form on the surface and in the atmosphere as precipitation. If the water can precipitate back to the surface before it is lost to space, water levels on the planet should be sustainable indefinitely. Moreover, as another comment stated, it seems the natural water loss on Mars occured over millions of years anyway. If we somehow had the ability to terraform the whole planet in that future, we could also bring comets every 10K years or so to replenish the lost water.
Very true and a satellite at La Grange point covering the planet with magnetism will prevent oxygen, we will put in the atmosphere, from splitting from solar wind and escaping. So first order of business is releasing sulfur hexafluoride in the atmosphere for a decade or so then putting the magnetosphere satellite at LG point and then when enough co2 is released naturally due to higher pressure, start planting hardy trees that produce the most oxygen as well as seeding oxygen-producing algae in the forming waterways. I think water vapor will be fine once there's enough pressure.
Don’t know if it would be possible, but what if we moved asteroids with powerful magnetospheres, such as Pandora (if I am not mistaken) to and orbit around or on the poles of Mars? Probably cheaper and more efficient than building something that will need constant maintenance.
Very true and a satellite at La Grange point covering the planet with magnetism will prevent oxygen, we will put in the atmosphere, from splitting from solar wind and escaping. So first order of business is releasing sulfur hexafluoride in the atmosphere for a decade or so then putting the magnetosphere satellite at LG point and then when enough co2 is released naturally due to higher pressure, start planting hardy trees that produce the most oxygen as well as seeding oxygen-producing algae in the forming waterways. I think water vapor will be fine once there's enough pressure.
I think Mars could be considered "terraformed" if it reached a point like Pandora from Avatar - correct pressure, temperature, no killer radiation or particles in the air that could be harmful to our skin, all you need is a face mask for breathing.
Considering the theory that lack of sunspots weakens Earth's defenses against cosmic radiation; If the Earth cools as a result of extended periods of solar inactivity, could we not reduce the cooling effect by using a similar device in Earth's L1 point? Worth considering if the CO2 theory tanks, IMO.
Mars loses about 1 kg of its atmosphere per second. Assuming those losses are balanced out by outgassing, that all of its atmospheric losses are due to stripping by the solar wind (they aren't) and that this stripping could be perfectly halted with an artificial magnetosphere, Mars' atmosphere would gain mass at a rate of 1 kg per second, or about 3.15x10^7 kg per Earth year. Given the fact that Mars atmospheric mass is about 2.5x10^16 kg, at that rate of mass gain, it would take about 800 million years for Mars' atmospheric pressure to rise from .006 atmospheres to .012 atmospheres. Its atmospheric pressure would still need to rise by just over a factor of five before a human being could walk around on the surface without a pressure suit without the fluids in their lungs, mouth and eyes boiling.
But can't we "Grind up" a moon of jupiter or asteroids in the belt near Mars and increase the mass of the planet? i'm sure no one would mind if Jupiter miss a moon or two LOL
an asteroid is preferable. Jupiter's moons are beautiful ancient relics that should be preserved and protected as well as studied up until their natural demise
Comets are the thing to shoot at Mars. But you'd have to be careful and hit the planet at an extremely oblique angle (like, I dunno, maybe 30 degrees or less), so most of the cometary material doesn't fly back into space again. It would be complicated to wrangle the comets out of their natural orbits and into new ones that collided with Mars in just the right way, but not impossible.
Great idea! There are studies at Nasa about miner on asteroids by controlling the trajectory of them and make them circle around a certain place. What about put something like a comet os asteroid like a moon too?
Venus is too hot and has too much pressure. You can live underground on Mars much easier than you can float on Venus. We'd have to cool Venus down. But how?
You can live in the upper atmosphere of Venus... presure and temperature are just right. You'll only need breathing apparatus... but in the lower atmosphere are clouds of surfuric acid and other toxic chemicals
To create a modular sunshade and anchor it at Venus's Lagrange point is not beyond the realms of possibility. The problem is the material required to create a shade large enough would probably need to be mined from elsewhere, launched over long distances, and robust enough to last long enough to effect significant changes.
Pickle Jaar / There is no valid reason to float in the atmosphere. There are only gases there. You need rock and metals to be self sufficent. A scientific baloon station is fine, but a colony? A colony has to be productive to be able to trade. A floating city on Venus can offer nothing. Mercury at the other hand is the real thing. Put a mine on it's poles in craters. There is plently of sunpower right above the crater edge, solar panels are super effective, you can mirror light to literally everywhere, can melt ore with solar furnace, and electolyze the molten ore with cheap solar power. The gravity is relativeley low, so it's cheap to get the product into orbit. Mercury has one problem: lack of water, but if we found water at the poles like on the moon, the place is perfect..
UltimateR1 / That's why you have to build in craters at the poles. Mercury hasn't got many atmosphere, and inside the crater is not hot at all. And with mirrors, you can light all the crater and mining operation, because sun power is just above the edge of the crater. Solar panels are super effective there too. Mercury is great.
Would it be more feasible to drop enough mass onto Mars so as to push it across the threshold to hold onto important earth necessary gasses like water-vapor and methane than to get Venus spinning? It seems both are incredibly energy expensive endeavors required to solve critical flaws to earth like habitability.
The solar winds would still strip off the atmosphere over a given period of time. Creating a magnetosphere will mean that martian atmosphere won't be stripped, which is a good start for the colonisation process
So, we send off a low grade medical MRI for the magnetosphere and use the time that’s needed for Mars’ atmosphere to thicken up to figure out how to increase it’s gravity, by what, a Lunar mass? A small artificial black hole?
But so then what would happen if something happened to the magnetic shield?...unexpected asteroid strike or something else? Would Mars's artificial atmosphere immediately start escaping out into space?
I have an idea I came up with an invention that allows a person to create a magnetic field anybody can do this all you need is 3 things copper mockery and something to spend it in a circle once you from the copper and show round sphere then you put the mercury in there and once a weekend spending the Mercury will react with the copper causing a magnetic feared
By how much would Mars' mass need to be increased to prevent loss of water vapour? Add mass by adding dense matter? How much mass will oceans add? Create oceans from hydrogen & O2? Crash a moon into Mars to add mass?
Instead of creating a Magnetic Field to cover the whole of Mars. How hard would it be to create a Artificial Magnetic Field to just cover and protect a colony ? And how powerful would said field need to be?
Can we create that powerful magnetic field by wrapping the circumstance of the planet with copper wire? Nuclear power plants to power that magnetic field.
I think so with covering what ever magnetic field Mars has with copper ore at the pols..! I'd say about a foot deep! Copper inhances magnetic fields..!
We need an colony on anorther planet as a emergency plan if an asteroid hits earth or some other unstoppable human extinction happens. Also with the research on mars labs we can apply the knowledge on our own planet.
we can bring some mass to mars and/or not heat it up as much (say keep it -30C or -40C), which would keep it quite cold compared to earth but still tolerable for humans. we don't exactly need liquid water on the surface to make mars habitable. quite hard to do with todays technology, but pretty much everything about teraforming mars is just speculation today
I think we can make both planet habitable earth like by taking out gases from Venus and putting them into mars Venus temperature may decreased and also at same time due to green house gases from Venus increases temperature of mars
Make Mars warmer by Greenhouse Gases? But the Martian Atmosphere is ~98 - 99% CO2, which is a greenhouse gas. Wouldn't that mean Mars, due to its placement in the solar system is as warm as it is going to get? (relatively speaking), that's not very warm.
And then assuming we can deal with the whole atmosphere problem, the gravity on Mars is much weaker than on Earth, which would cause problems for a human's bones, muscles, etc. With Venus, the issue would just be removing some of the excess atmosphere, as it's gravity is not much lower than Earth's. Now don't even get me started on the moon :D
This idea just by itself is still a no no, because This Project as a Huge Flaw, the idea of a eletro magnetic device on the planet, should be the definitive course of action! By putting one into space, if someting happens to it ( micro meteorite, Meteor or Comet impact, or even something else), the human dead toll would be tremendous! Every plan should have a backup plan!
So the proposed planet 10 which would be in Mars size should be able to hold on to helium with the same temperature as Eris and Pluto or somewhat colder or even Hydrogen worlds somewhat bigger than Mars.
I came to think about if 2 Europe iceworlds wsa in orbit around eachother far out the heat might release oxygen and this oxygen would not leave the atmosphere - maybe oxygen from life but which life would live or could on the surface of those dwarfplanets.
No, it does not work like that, there is a reason that the magnetic field is egg shaped, like in fluid dynamics the solar radiation would wrap around the field not create a straight line shadow.
What if we could bash Mercury and Venus into Mars to give it mass and a metal core to generate a magnetosphere and then hit it with a moon of Jupiter for an ocean?
This is the 1st video I watched that addresses a possible solution to the lack of magnetosphere on Mars! Thank you! All this time and even though the idea of colonizing other planets excites me, no one was addressing the elephant in the room! No magnetosphere - no life! Even if humans live underground on Mars to protect themselves, they would still have to protect the flora and fauna from radiation too!
This is exactly what I'm thinking too. There's only one document by NASA about artificial Magentospheres, even though they're vital for colonisation
Possibly once we can safely create nuclear fusion power plants. We migt be able to create a self generating magnetic field by rapidly rotating such a fusion power plant. One placed at the center of Mars' core, if that is even possible. Or maybe place a series of them in equitorial orbit around the planet so that their magnetic fields can interact and link up to reinforce each other.
yup.
Forget about reaching the core lmao
Maybe it is easier to cool down Venus by temporarily blocking the sun 😎
I add controlling the light of sun, not just temporarily
@@brainiacmarco4014 exactly, let's add light switch to sun
the heat on Venus is not caused by the sun. It is caused by air pressure.
@@matyasbures8248 There is an idea to build a megastructure between sun and venus which would be metal frames having huge glass panels. It would act as giant sunglasses blocking sunlight and also filtering UV light
I reckon it would be a lot harder to spin up Venus than it would be to create an artificial magnetosphere on Mars. To do so will probably require giving Venus at least one moon (probably taken from one or more of the solar system's gas giants) nudged into a carefully controlled orbits which very slowly increase the planet's rotational speed. It would probably take centuries or even millennia of gentle gravitational tugging to speed up the planet's rotation without tearing the planet apart, or creating so much geological upheaval or atmospheric turmoil that the planet remains uninhabitable long after the optimum 24-hour Venusian day has been achieved.
Also, Venus has virtually no atmospheric water, and not enough is known about the composition of the planet itself to know how much water is present, or if there are sufficient resources to produce it artificially. It's not hard to imagine that on top of speeding up Venus' rotation, and converting of most of the planet's atmospheric CO2 into non-volatile forms, it might still be necessary to spend centuries raining down water ice, collected from the Kuiper Belt or other water-rich places in the Solar system, to create the seas and rivers necessary for an earth-like ecology. Who knows how much chemical tinkering will be necessary before the Venusian atmosphere, surface, and water bodies stabilise and become compatible with recognisable forms of life we might engineer.
Nope, Venus isn't going to become Earth II any time soon. Mars is by far the more attractive proposition. It's smaller, cooler, exposed to way less solar radiation than Venus, and it is known to have exploitable water resources. Importantly, humans can likely achieve a sustainable civilisation on Mars as it is right now. The solar system is rich with metals and other raw materials that will eventually make planet-scale engineering on Mars possible. Perhaps the future humans of Mars will conceive of a way to create an entirely artificial magnetosphere, or perhaps technology to "pump" the feeble engine at the planets core until it produces a magnetosphere on it's own.
Venus may seem like a viable option comparable to Mars, but in reality it's completely beyond any technology we can reasonably imagine. Human colonisation of Mars is the only reasonable goal for the time being.
If you kept Mars on the colder side of temperate and essentially terraformed it into a frigid planet-sized-Scandinavia, would the frost make it any harder for the water to escape into space?
It would be pretty cold, but obviously a perfectly livable place for a first-world developed society.
Yes, just like the Antartica is the driest place in Earth (I mean the air there), but at the same time, it's the biggest fresh water reservoir in Earth. At those temps (below 0°C), the solubility of water in air it's pretty low, that way its very difficult for the water to go into vapor state.
In about a billion years earth will be right on the inside edge of the habitable zone of the sun and Mars will be in the middle of it. As the density of the core of the sun increases it speeds up the rate of fusion and makes it hotter. The low mass issue is a bigger one
@@timothybayliss6680
Waiting a billion years sounds like a pretty big one too. :)
@@timothybayliss6680 Yea I’ve thought about this, Mars might be habitable naturally but it’ll take a billion years because of the suns expansion. I wonder if Venus was once habitable?
If we had the technology to terraform Mars, we'd be well beyond the level of technology needed to reverse climate change.
Climate change will reverse itself if we stopped using electricity and gasoline and paved rooftops white instead of black. Co2 is captured by rain water ozone is produced by lightening. It's almost as if the planet had this happen before...
Wait....
A♤A♡A◇A♧
@@versag3776 tiles go on roofs not paving.
1 Tesla? Is that all? We have permanant magnets that strong. It's more effective to have some very good conductor, cooled down by space, powered by solar. You'd have 1-3 Tesla's at least then, so good redudancy.
Might be worth "editing" or manipulating Jupiter's magnetic field with strong electromagnets to make it's moons safer for human habitation or mining.
Space doesn't cool things down, though. Things in space face overheating issues.
@@dalellll as a matter of fact, indeed.
@@dalellll you need heat shielding if facing the sun and you need cold shock resistance for when the sun is not in view
but either way you're gonna need to use traditional cooling like liquid nitrogen
MIT has created a 20 Tesla magnet, lol
Ah yes, venus is perfect to live on, with its acid rain.
The planet is filled with co2, what we need is to develop some plants with wings that eat acid and breath co2
The cloud layer on Venus is quite nice, warm and breathable. A solar powered airship could perpetually stay in the clouds, in theory.
On venus, we live in the Sky.
We release Algae that will live in the Clouds.
As well as a big shade/Electromagnet/solar generator.
Shade reduces the radiation load.
Solar genaretion to electromagnetic field, shields the planet.
Without the pressure of that plasma being that strong, Atm pressure can receed, Accelerating tho cooling.
That shade? Also a power source.
What I have seen on these youtube channels, is that 50 km up in Venus's atmosphere is a more Earthlike environment. Early concepts are for floating balloon like crafts. How it could become a self sustaining colony is a great challenge. The atmosphere could be cooled with a sunshade but terraforming the high pressure is a Grrreat challenge.
@@MrShiggitty Breathable... well I'll let you try first just to see how you feel after your first sip XD
I have been wondering about this for a while. Thanks
So what is the minimum amount of mass required to keep oxygen from reaching escape velocity?!
Demois size? Phones sized? Just sayin?
There seems plenty of extra water and mass floating around!
Okay first of all The Water Is real salty you have to purify it. Also your colonists will grow these weird masses on their throats from the salt. Not to mention the problem of extreme solar radiation causing cancers And defects Also mental disorders. With all these taken into account people Might start tearing each other apart
I'd be cool by myself on mars for a couple years, probably wouldnt want to come back, you say radiation i say rust. You say salt problem i say desalination, reverse osmosis, distillate or w.e.
All I need is tools, space, and enough corn to brew into whiskey then watch me go.
Hey man it slowly escapes for 2 reasons, 1 low gravity, technically earth loses a lot of atmosphere too. But mars is wayyy more. 2) solar wind, lack of magnetosphere ionizes the atmosphere and strips it iff into space so yeah gotta have that shield!!! I say test at mars L1 between mars and sun
I was wondering about this too, but missed video when it came out. Thought it could be a good sequel to Lost: move the island to Mars to establish magnetic field!
We are going to master aesteroid mining on mars and slowly build it up to the appropriate mass to keep water vapor.
That may start to change the orbit and you will end up causing mars and earth to collide..
I agree on Venus. Its also alot more accessible for spacecraft to reach.
I think mars would be more costly but in the long term be more easy it’s quite easier to give something an atmosphere that’s take one away and you would see many sights I mean mars has two moons that could be much easier to travel to
I disagree
How many kilograms of what kind of metal would you need to create a 1 Tesla magnet?
How expensive would it be to send it from the Earth to orbit or sorry, L1 point from Mars?
Your explanation is the best I've heard of this idea so far. Great stuff
Isn't it possible that a strike, by a large enough object not only would add some needed mass to Mars but, if the trajectory was right get the inner core moving again? I realize this could also change the spin of the whole planet to some degree but a shorter day/night cycle seems like a good exchange for a planet that could hold its own atmosphere. The next question is, how long would it take for marks to even set down and be stable enough to land on if we brought something or multiple things, into collide with it and increase its mass and get to core spinning faster? While I know that more mass could be measured almost immediately and it would not take long to know if the core was rotating faster - the time span of any results from this could well exceed the lifetime of man. It seems like trying o do this as 'naturally' as possible - just helping the universe do it how its always done it, would not be of any benefit to mankind. Seems like we would really have to find a totally artificial way where the results - breathable atmosphere and stable surface water - would be there in a decade is more the way we would need to be exploring and/or find a truly habitable planet or satellite somewhere.
Derailing a body big enough to actually speed up a mass like Mars is about 100 years past out capacity.
For now our best bet are small icy bodies that would add heat and gasses to the planet on impact, and protecting it with the Lagrange point magnet until we get better technology.
@@MsSomeonenew just 100 years??? Way more than that lmao
I just watched your other video, and was wondering this exact quesiton. Thank you
This was really good, a great explanation about why mars does not cut the mustard for earth style life over reasonable time scales. What about schemes to cool (reduce incident sunlight?) Venus somehow ?
The solution to the escaping gases problem on Mars is to just produce more of the gases on Mars at a rate faster than those gases are lost. Or at least that's what Jim Oberg wrote in his book on terraforming.
yeah but how much you can produce?, like melting the water on mars by heat... you eventually loosse all the water in mars
The atmosphere was stripped away over several million years (could be several hundred), so unless we move that slowly to terraform our plans will work just fine.
Of course in the coming millions of years we do need to get better solutions.
easy say
hard do
@@MrRelojero
Algae. Have huge algae pools that will grow on the surface of Mars that convert all that CO2 into oxygen at a greater rate than you lose it. And, hey, you're going to run out of CO2 on Mars just before you run out of any and all atmosphere.
@ttzaxt15 I think that is the first step anyways. We need a magnetic field around Mars to protect life from solar radiation. Once we have that, then we can start getting to work on making Mars habitable.
I do like the idea of a magnetic shield. It would provide a temporary solution until we can strengthen the one currently on Mars.
Absolutely brilliant never heard this one before
If we can make an artificial global magnetic field on Mars, terraforming the planet would become much easier! Mars lost much of it's atmosphere, purely because the planet doesn't have a magnetic field that's strong enough for Mars to keep it's thick atmosphere
Make the atmosphere thicc
Extra thicc!
Make Mars Thicc again!
Was gonna say: ALL PLANETS HAVE MAGNETIC FIELDS OR THEY ARE JUST GIANT ASTERIODS! Then you said “weaker”
Amethyst, Actually Mars doesn't have a magnetic field
I LIKE the new volume of the intro!!!!! Love it!!!!!
Agreed, it no longer blasts my eardrums so they bleed. :)
For meh it tooooooooooooooooo quite
A magnetic bubble does not need to cover the whole planet but can be generated locally on the surface to protect a colony and can be increased in size as the need arises,same principle
I have a question. If we could divert Ceres (dwarf planet) into a Mars Lunar orbit could that create a magnetosphere with the tidal pull created on the planet?
It seems unbelievable that H2O vapour is lost to space on Mars. Surely when vapour becomes ice crystals it would have enough mass to fall back to Mars' surface as snow? If not, I wonder if some kind of insulating atmosphere can be created to cloak Mars not permit water vapour to escape? There are obviously some serious challenges for terraforming and colonising in a sustainable way, but I don't think it's impossible.
thank you for the video it was very informative
Maybe your best video Anton. This is an incredibly fascinating idea. Though your realism about colonizing mars is a breath of fresh air. Frankly I think it's a mass hysteria with these mars people you want so badly to get there. It's just not that friendly a place to go, with little potential in the end...
What you describe is about protecting March from the effects of the solar wind. But the solar wind is electrically charged, and will affect the satellite with a force (the magnetic field acts as a solar sail), which will act to move the satellite. How large is the effect of the force, and how much power is needed to counteract it
The magnetotail shield is such a cool concept. So we should carefully crash large masses into Mars to make it more habitable then? 8)
This is lateral think genius, well done for considering Mars by leaving it alone and tackling the problem from a new angle, escaping gases is a potential problem but that is only potential problem and since Mars did have an almost Earth like atmosphere or so they say it did, then why can't it again with this method of creating a magnetosphere off the planet to protect it from solar rays/winds?Excellent video.
I would like you to show an experimental video of what would happen if we added asteroids and comets to Mars, to increase its mass and water (assuming the magnetosphere issue is fixed). How much mass would we need to add to change the escape velocity of water and oxygen? I am assuming we can simply send drones into the asteroid belt, and the oort cloud.
record a video creating your own solar system
Tiago Bitencourt Trevisan agreed
would be super useful if you linked the sources you used, but brilliant video !
Would the giant magnet idea stop the probable electronic disaster from the emp effect of a major solar flare, and would that be more cost effective than protecting everything with military grade emp protocols on our electronics?
We could create huge space crafts to glean gasses from various planets, and then transfer those gasses to other planets and planetoid. For example suck up huge amounts of CO2 off of Venus, and then add it to the Martian atmosphere. Ammonia, a nitrogen source, could be transported from Jupiter to Mars as well.
This makes me wonder if we could place one of these in Earth's L1 to help protect earth from CME's.
especially for the times when Sun starts its transit to red giant
You don't need to have free oxygen and water vapour on Mars long term. Get the pressure high enough to block radiation, stop micrometeoroids, and let us enclose large volumes with relative ease. The breathable air can be in the domes, tunnels and covered craters. Just removing the need for pressure suits in lower elevations would be a huge benefit.
Thanks for answering the questions Science programs neglect!
crash the asteroid belt into mars to increase its mass? would want to hit Mars with as little energy as possible tho as not to turn it hot/molten.
Oxygen at high concentrations is perfectly safe to breath and being paramagnetic the atmospheric pressure can be controlled by a combination of magnetic strength and volume
ok, here´s a crazy thought: we obviously have to start colonizing mars using greenhouses, but what if instead of going through all that trouble with giving mars a magnetic field and atmosphere, we simply increase the size of the greenhouses until the *entire planet* is covered? say a few 100m above ground, with the volcanos peeking out and becoming landing points for space crafts. no more gases vanishing into space, and with such a slim/flat 'atmosphere' getting a decent pressure and temperature would be easy (compared to heating an atmosphere thats several kilometers thick)
Lagrange points 1, 2, & 3 are unstable. Points 4 and 5 are stable. Jupiters has asteroids in its orbital path at L4 & L5. The ones at L4 are called "Greeks," and the ones at L5 are "Trojans."
Problem with venus is the sun will eventually swallow it before earth and mars
Just place a magnetar in the centre of Mars. Increased mass to retain an atmosphere and one hell of a magnetosphere! lol
Yes, by hitting it with another smaller such body at the right angle to increase it's rotation speed. I believe it's core has solidified. Why go back to the old anyhow? Apparently, we do in the future. *stringline (FTL + "training wheels").
I think the best ideea is just to build domes with some powerfull electromagnets included around them... so the microatmosphere and the people living inside are protected against solar radiation... and with some deep tunnels in case of a big solar flare ... when alarm goes off ppl can just run in the underground shelter .
who would like to live in such conditions? I mean its pretty sad that is the only thing we can do to survive on mars
Not keeping all the eggs in one basket i think its a smart idea...We don't know what catastrofic event could hit Earth in near future ..so ensuring our species survival has to come first. And then could always use the built in domes as bases for further exploration,space station, mining and defence bases.I think the best option for an Earth 2.0 is to find an Earth 2.0. Who would live there? Scientist, military ...it doesn't has to be a home ,more like an work place.
Well it 2029 Apophis will hit Earth. :(
first lets solve the overpopulation & methane hydrates problem on earth?
I don't think what you're saying about Mars' gravity being able to hold water vapor is true. I believe (and I'm not a scientist, but this is what I think) what matters more is atmospheric pressure. Liquid water cannot exist on Mars because the atmosphere does not provide enough pressure to sustain it in that state.
What this means practically is that it cannot rain on Mars. And when it cannot rain, the water either exists as vapor or ice on a planet. Because any water that appears on the surface of Mars is instantly flashed into steam, the escape velocity effect occurs exactly as you say it will.
However, if the atmosphere were sustained at a higher pressure by preventing CO2 from being stripped away, liquid water could form on the surface and in the atmosphere as precipitation. If the water can precipitate back to the surface before it is lost to space, water levels on the planet should be sustainable indefinitely.
Moreover, as another comment stated, it seems the natural water loss on Mars occured over millions of years anyway. If we somehow had the ability to terraform the whole planet in that future, we could also bring comets every 10K years or so to replenish the lost water.
Very true and a satellite at La Grange point covering the planet with magnetism will prevent oxygen, we will put in the atmosphere, from splitting from solar wind and escaping. So first order of business is releasing sulfur hexafluoride in the atmosphere for a decade or so then putting the magnetosphere satellite at LG point and then when enough co2 is released naturally due to higher pressure, start planting hardy trees that produce the most oxygen as well as seeding oxygen-producing algae in the forming waterways. I think water vapor will be fine once there's enough pressure.
Don’t know if it would be possible, but what if we moved asteroids with powerful magnetospheres, such as Pandora (if I am not mistaken) to and orbit around or on the poles of Mars? Probably cheaper and more efficient than building something that will need constant maintenance.
This got me thinking, is it possible to place a powerful electromagnet in space and build a giant orbiter station around it?
As an ice comets gets nearer to Mars redirect it to smash into the planet. Will create rain and allow terraforming.
Good idea
Very true and a satellite at La Grange point covering the planet with
magnetism will prevent oxygen, we will put in the atmosphere, from
splitting from solar wind and escaping. So first order of business is
releasing sulfur hexafluoride in the atmosphere for a decade or so then
putting the magnetosphere satellite at LG point and then when enough co2
is released naturally due to higher pressure, start planting hardy
trees that produce the most oxygen as well as seeding oxygen-producing
algae in the forming waterways. I think water vapor will be fine once
there's enough pressure.
Could you please make a experiment with change mara magneto sphere and turn on the climate
I think Mars could be considered "terraformed" if it reached a point like Pandora from Avatar - correct pressure, temperature, no killer radiation or particles in the air that could be harmful to our skin, all you need is a face mask for breathing.
Wonderful artificial Martian magnetosphere
Considering the theory that lack of sunspots weakens Earth's defenses against cosmic radiation; If the Earth cools as a result of extended periods of solar inactivity, could we not reduce the cooling effect by using a similar device in Earth's L1 point? Worth considering if the CO2 theory tanks, IMO.
Begin by redirecting all our space garbage into Mars, couple of more big asteroids couldn't hurt lol
when do you think the falcon heavy will launch
xD
clayman0 skycade Honestly expecting it to be pushed to late February or mid March.
Mars loses about 1 kg of its atmosphere per second. Assuming those losses are balanced out by outgassing, that all of its atmospheric losses are due to stripping by the solar wind (they aren't) and that this stripping could be perfectly halted with an artificial magnetosphere, Mars' atmosphere would gain mass at a rate of 1 kg per second, or about 3.15x10^7 kg per Earth year. Given the fact that Mars atmospheric mass is about 2.5x10^16 kg, at that rate of mass gain, it would take about 800 million years for Mars' atmospheric pressure to rise from .006 atmospheres to .012 atmospheres. Its atmospheric pressure would still need to rise by just over a factor of five before a human being could walk around on the surface without a pressure suit without the fluids in their lungs, mouth and eyes boiling.
What would happen to earths orbit if we smashed enough mass into mars to allow it to keep a water vapor atmosphere?
Do a video on you making a habitable planet and a solar system.
But can't we "Grind up" a moon of jupiter or asteroids in the belt near Mars and increase the mass of the planet? i'm sure no one would mind if Jupiter miss a moon or two LOL
an asteroid is preferable. Jupiter's moons are beautiful ancient relics that should be preserved and protected as well as studied up until their natural demise
Comets are the thing to shoot at Mars. But you'd have to be careful and hit the planet at an extremely oblique angle (like, I dunno, maybe 30 degrees or less), so most of the cometary material doesn't fly back into space again. It would be complicated to wrangle the comets out of their natural orbits and into new ones that collided with Mars in just the right way, but not impossible.
Expanse!
Not an asteriod but a comet because comets have ice.
Great idea! There are studies at Nasa about miner on asteroids by controlling the trajectory of them and make them circle around a certain place.
What about put something like a comet os asteroid like a moon too?
To generate a magnetic field, Mars would need a spinning, partially liquid core. Wouldn't it?
So that is where the water went. Thanks!
This needs to be done in conjunction with colonisation.
Venus is too hot and has too much pressure. You can live underground on Mars much easier than you can float on Venus. We'd have to cool Venus down. But how?
You can live in the upper atmosphere of Venus... presure and temperature are just right. You'll only need breathing apparatus... but in the lower atmosphere are clouds of surfuric acid and other toxic chemicals
Strategic Thinker one way to cool Venus is simply pumping the atmosphere into space, your welcome.
To create a modular sunshade and anchor it at Venus's Lagrange point is not beyond the realms of possibility.
The problem is the material required to create a shade large enough would probably need to be mined from elsewhere, launched over long distances, and robust enough to last long enough to effect significant changes.
Pickle Jaar / There is no valid reason to float in the atmosphere. There are only gases there. You need rock and metals to be self sufficent. A scientific baloon station is fine, but a colony? A colony has to be productive to be able to trade. A floating city on Venus can offer nothing. Mercury at the other hand is the real thing. Put a mine on it's poles in craters. There is plently of sunpower right above the crater edge, solar panels are super effective, you can mirror light to literally everywhere, can melt ore with solar furnace, and electolyze the molten ore with cheap solar power. The gravity is relativeley low, so it's cheap to get the product into orbit. Mercury has one problem: lack of water, but if we found water at the poles like on the moon, the place is perfect..
UltimateR1 / That's why you have to build in craters at the poles. Mercury hasn't got many atmosphere, and inside the crater is not hot at all. And with mirrors, you can light all the crater and mining operation, because sun power is just above the edge of the crater. Solar panels are super effective there too. Mercury is great.
how much mass would you have to add to Mars to allow it to retain the necessary atmosphere?
Would it be more feasible to drop enough mass onto Mars so as to push it across the threshold to hold onto important earth necessary gasses like water-vapor and methane than to get Venus spinning? It seems both are incredibly energy expensive endeavors required to solve critical flaws to earth like habitability.
The solar winds would still strip off the atmosphere over a given period of time. Creating a magnetosphere will mean that martian atmosphere won't be stripped, which is a good start for the colonisation process
What is the rate of water and oxygen loss? Is it slow enough so it is sufficient to replenich every couple of hunderthousand years?
So, we send off a low grade medical MRI for the magnetosphere and use the time that’s needed for Mars’ atmosphere to thicken up to figure out how to increase it’s gravity, by what, a Lunar mass? A small artificial black hole?
L wondered this. Thx!
It is to hot on venues we would no live in that heat.
But so then what would happen if something happened to the magnetic shield?...unexpected asteroid strike or something else? Would Mars's artificial atmosphere immediately start escaping out into space?
I have an idea I came up with an invention that allows a person to create a magnetic field anybody can do this all you need is 3 things copper mockery and something to spend it in a circle once you from the copper and show round sphere then you put the mercury in there and once a weekend spending the Mercury will react with the copper causing a magnetic feared
By how much would Mars' mass need to be increased to prevent loss of water vapour? Add mass by adding dense matter? How much mass will oceans add? Create oceans from hydrogen & O2? Crash a moon into Mars to add mass?
Instead of creating a Magnetic Field to cover the whole of Mars. How hard would it be to create a Artificial Magnetic Field to just cover and protect a colony ? And how powerful would said field need to be?
Its a whole planet that rotate, you cant do for a single location from space, but maybe for the entire equator line
Can we create that powerful magnetic field by wrapping the circumstance of the planet with copper wire? Nuclear power plants to power that magnetic field.
What if you simulate 16 psyche parked in Mars L1 lagange point or orbit around mars like a moon. Could that chang its magnetic field
You should make a custom solar system from just small objects, then destroy it :)
I think so with covering what ever magnetic field Mars has with copper ore at the pols..! I'd say about a foot deep! Copper inhances magnetic fields..!
Brillant!!!
Which software use for create these
Is it possible to move Mars closer to the Goldilocks zone, for it to sustain water?
The question is what could create that powerful of a magnetic field?
"How can we make Mars habitable"
How about:
How can we stop making Earth less and less habitable
We need an colony on anorther planet as a emergency plan if an asteroid hits earth or some other unstoppable human extinction happens. Also with the research on mars labs we can apply the knowledge on our own planet.
Why not both?
Is the reverse true for earth, by reducing the field on earth we could lower the earths temperature?
we can bring some mass to mars and/or not heat it up as much (say keep it -30C or -40C), which would keep it quite cold compared to earth but still tolerable for humans. we don't exactly need liquid water on the surface to make mars habitable. quite hard to do with todays technology, but pretty much everything about teraforming mars is just speculation today
Mars could be possible. We would need to take a lot of space debris from the asteroid belt and hit it with that to make it larger.
I think we can make both planet habitable earth like by taking out gases from Venus and putting them into mars
Venus temperature may decreased and also at same time due to green house gases from Venus increases temperature of mars
Thanks!
Thank you!
Well if we place a magnet between mars and sun. Wouldn't it stop tge sunlight which is already a very low percentage reaching the martian surface.
How do we get that game?
Make Mars warmer by Greenhouse Gases?
But the Martian Atmosphere is ~98 - 99% CO2, which is a greenhouse gas.
Wouldn't that mean Mars, due to its placement in the solar system is as warm as it is going to get? (relatively speaking), that's not very warm.
And then assuming we can deal with the whole atmosphere problem, the gravity on Mars is much weaker than on Earth, which would cause problems for a human's bones, muscles, etc. With Venus, the issue would just be removing some of the excess atmosphere, as it's gravity is not much lower than Earth's.
Now don't even get me started on the moon :D
What is the name of the software you are using please? Thanks
It's not a software, it's universe sandbox
It would require so many hamsters and running wheels its just not feasible.
Why couldnt you put different size objects to create multiple level magnetic fields to stop the gases escaping
A less powerful magnet in an low, eccentric orbit would excite mars magnetic field over time becoming stronger and stronger.
I recognize this music from creepsmcpasta "a scarecrow for god"
I'd like to see your program run on venus
This idea just by itself is still a no no, because This Project as a Huge Flaw,
the idea of a eletro magnetic device on the planet,
should be the definitive course of action!
By putting one into space, if someting happens to it
( micro meteorite, Meteor or Comet impact, or even something else),
the human dead toll would be tremendous!
Every plan should have a backup plan!
So the proposed planet 10 which would be in Mars size should be able to hold on to helium with the same temperature as Eris and Pluto or somewhat colder or even Hydrogen worlds somewhat bigger than Mars.
I came to think about if 2 Europe iceworlds wsa in orbit around eachother far out the heat might release oxygen and this oxygen would not leave the atmosphere - maybe oxygen from life but which life would live or could on the surface of those dwarfplanets.
No, it does not work like that, there is a reason that the magnetic field is egg shaped, like in fluid dynamics the solar radiation would wrap around the field not create a straight line shadow.
We might have to make mars have bigger gravity.
What if we could bash Mercury and Venus into Mars to give it mass and a metal core to generate a magnetosphere and then hit it with a moon of Jupiter for an ocean?