Introduction to Cyclic Voltammetry
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- čas přidán 19. 05. 2024
- Hey Folks, this video is our Introduction to Cyclic Voltammetry. If you are a beginner or new to the subject and would like Cyclic Voltammetry explained, this is your video. Below is a list of time stamps
00:00 - Introduction
01:15 - What is Cyclic Voltammetry?
03:34 - How Cyclic Voltammetry is used?
04:26 - How a Potentiostat works interlude
04:51 - The Electrical Double Layer
08:45 - Cyclic Voltammetry of Ferrocyanide
09:14 - Faradaic vs. Non-Faradaic Current
10:07 - Cyclic Voltammetry Response vs. Potential Waveform
Link to video on How a Potentiostat works
• What is a potentiostat...
Electrochemical Method Fundamental and Applications by Allen Bard and Larry Faulkner
www.wiley.com/en-us/Electroch...
Wikipedia on Electrical Double layer
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_...)
For more on Pine Research, please visit our website
pineresearch.com/ - Věda a technologie
Talked to this guy on the phone, he was a COOL CAT in every sense of the phrase. Glad to see his intellect stacks up in this video. I finally understand cyclic voltammetry, and it's all because of this guy!
Hahaha thank you. It was fun chatting with you too! I listened to some of "The Citrus Tree" It was very nice a chill...just as you described it :)
The anime presentation is sooo helpful in understanding the relationship between the sweep curve and current curve! Very clear explanation! Thanks so much for helping a non-electron chemist understand redox potential!
You're very welcome!!!
One of the most satisfying videos I have ever seen on CZcams. Bravo, bravo, bravo!
Thank you so much!!
I've been really struggling to understand CV in my lab, and this was really helpful. Thank you!
Glad it was helpful!
This video is INCREDIBLY good. You explain very well and the images are a perfect complement to your explanations.
Glad it was helpful!
Thank you so much for making the conceptual puzzles so much easy. I hope to learn from you more.
Thank you! We're really glad this helped!
amazing video! I'm currently doing undergrad research on CV and this cleared up a lot of things. Thank you so much for your clarity and knowledge! keep up the good work :)
Glad you liked it! If you have any follow up questions let us know. We've been trying to do livestreaming on Friday's to answer any and all electrochemistry questions.
You explained it so well 🙌🙌
I was just randomly reading about some electrochemistry related stuff and got to know about cyclic voltametry, this is so far the best explanation available on youtube
Glad it was helpful! Thank you!
Very insightful for a beginner in Electrochemical Systems! Please upload more content on the use of the Nernst equation and other mathematical calculations related to voltammetry experiments.
Thank you! Yes, I was thinking the Nernst equation and eventually the Randles-Sevcik equation would be good topics for future videos. Stay tuned!
I always wait for your videos. Your way of explanation is awesome. Thanks for your efforts. Keep uploading..
Thank you so much! We appreciate it. There is never a shortage of electrochemistry videos to be done, so stay tuned for more :)
This was a great video! I have been working with CVs for the past couple of months and this helped bridge gaps in my knowledge. Your videos on how a potentiostat works and electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy have helped me with my research :) Keep up the fantastic educational content!
Thank you Dylan! I'm glad you enjoyed all the videos we've made. I've got more ideas for videos, but if you have suggestions too. Or just general questions we are happy to help :)
@@Pineresearch For reduction to start occuring, it is not necessary that the potential applied has a negative sign right? It can still be positive but low enough (lower than the ferricyanide open circuit voltage perhaps?) to trigger the reduction process. Please help
@@glytslife That is correct, it is not necessary for the sign of the potential to be negative for a reduction reaction to start occurring. Similarly, the potential doesn't have to be positive for an oxidation to start occurring. I think of it as the fermi level or the standard potential of ferro/ferricyanide, when it comes to getting a reduction to occur. When a reduction occurs the standard potential of species in solution is lower than the potential of the electrode (governed by the potentiostat). That way, electrons will flow from the electrode to the species. This potential of the electrode can be positive with respect to the reference electrode. I hope this was helpful, let me know if you need some additional clarification. Trust me it's complicated :D
@@Pineresearch Hi there! Thank you so much for the video! I have a follow up question to your last comment, where you mentioned that, "When a reduction occurs the standard potential of species in solution is lower than the potential of the electrode (governed by the potentiostat). That way, electrons will flow from the electrode to the species. ". I guess for the species in the solution to get reduced, the standard reduction potential of the solution should be greater than that of the electrode as higher reduction potential means higher tendency of getting reduced. Can you please clarify?
@@anindyanath8136 This is a good question. I'm going to answer it during Episode #30 of our Ask Us Anything about Electrochemistry Livestream. The livestream is at 1 pm EST on Fridays so if you can make it that's great, but if not you'll be able to see the question in the description of the video. This might make it easier to explain what is happening.
Just found out your channel you guys are doing an amazing job, please continue make such kind of videos on electrochemical methods of analysis
Thanks so much for your comment, we appreciate it! Happy to keep making content for the electrochemistry community!
Amazing video for new graduate students dabbling in electrochemical systems and materials science research. Thank you!
Glad it was helpful!
The way u explain the topic is very good and we learn very quick and better ..
I'm glad you enjoyed the video and it was helpful to your learning!
Really very good concept covered and a very deep easy explanation. Thank you so much
Glad it was helpful!
you have a very good way of explaining things. thank you for helping me prepare for my job interview :D
Glad to hear it. Best of luck on your job interview!
The single vdo which cleared the concept of CV.. Giving 13min to this vdo is completely worth it
We're glad it was helpful :)
Thank you so much for the video. Everything about CV is more easier for me now.
Glad it was helpful!
Great video. Thank you.
It would be interesting if you do another video where you explain with a data. Showing how you generate the data, plotting the graph and explaining the results. Again, thank you.
That's a great idea. I think going over the math and data analysis for CV would be helpful. Another video to make :D thank you for watching!
Great video with a better explanation 🤩
Thank you!
great great content keep up the good work looking forward to the next videos!
Thanks, will do!
Love these videos, very educational and helpful! Any chance for a video on square wave or differential pulse voltammetry?
No joke. I was talking to my colleague about doing a webinar on step and pulse voltammetry techniques. It might be some time before we make one, but it's definitely on our radar as another video/webinar we plan on making. Thank you for the support!
Thanks for the update...Good work!
Thank you for watching it again. Yeah, I wanted to make sure I used better language to describe the double layer, and reframe from using the word "collide" when talking about electron transfer with the electrode surface. CZcams doesn't allow me to replace existing videos, so it's just a complete re-upload.
I thought i was too stupid to understand this basics but you help me a lot. thank you ^.^
now we except to recieve more videos of you :)
Nobody is stupid when it comes to electrochemistry. It's very complex and we try to break it down. We're hoping to make more videos in the future :)
This is a quite clear explanation, thanks
Glad it was helpful!
I found this conceptual video very helpful!
I'm glad you enjoyed it!
Amazing explanation. Thank you!
You're very welcome!
Great video!! Amazing explanation and great figures to illustrate what is going on.
Thanks for sharing ^_^
Glad you enjoyed it! Thank you!!
Thank you so much, I really used to be struggling to understanding CV before I see this video
CV is a complicated subject and the struggle is real. We're glad that this video helped with your understanding.
Amazing teaching and video. Thank you.
Glad it was helpful!
Great work! Please also make a video on the details and mathematics of CV.
Thank you! Yes, I'll look into a few videos to breakdown the mathematics of CV
Thank you for the video. I learnt the most effective way. Please make the part diving into mathematics involved.
Thank you! Alright we are getting more people interested in the mathematics behind CV. I haven't heard from too many others, but thank you for letting me know.
I really appreciate these valuable lectures ........love and support for you
Thank you so much!!!
Fantastic video on basics of electrochemistry
Glad you liked it
Perfect video. Thank you
Glad you liked it!!
Clean video, keep it up
Thanks, will do!
bro, this video was so helpful. kindly upload videos on cv, dpv, lsv and other electrochemical techniques as well.
Thank you! Yeah, we've got a list of videos we'd like to make. It takes quite some time :D
Great video, broke everything down very nicely, I'm currently taking a quantitative chemical analysis course and this helped a lot - thank you so much! also, this is the IUPAC system right?
Glad it was helpful! Yes, we plot everything using the IUPAC system.
Спасибо тебе, мужик! Очень информативное и понятное видео! Респект
Спасибо за добрые слова!
Thank you... your video is very helpfull, I'm waiting for the next video
I'm glad you enjoyed it! I'm looking forward to making the next video! :)
Very nice video. Easy to follow
Glad you liked it!!
Excellent explanation, very helpful and informative
Thank you, glad you enjoyed our video!
Fantastic explanation!
Glad you liked it!
Thanks a lot for this video. It cleared many concepts and doubts related to CV. Its a humble request, Will you please make some videos on DPV and SWV too?
I'm glad the video was helpful. I can definitely put DPV and SWV on the list of videos to make. But it might take a while, I've got a long list of videos to make :)
Great video, thank you so much!
You're welcome, glad you enjoyed it!
More videos would be great!! Thanks!
Working on it!
@@Pineresearch thank you!!!
Thank you very much, it's just what I needed 💪
You're welcome 😊
thank you so much it was a great video.. I am waiting for the next video
I'm glad you enjoyed it! I'm hoping it won't be too long until the next video :)
Great, very informative, please keep up the good work like this, as this will be quite helpful to people like me. :)
We are grateful you enjoyed our video content, and thank you for the comment!
You are a great teacher ❤️
Thank you! 😃
Thank you sir, nice presentation.
Glad you enjoyed it!
This was a great video! Thanks a lot
Glad you liked it!
Excellent, simple, understable, many thanks!
Glad you liked it!
extremely helpful video
Glad you enjoyed it!
Amazing, thank you very much !
Our pleasure!
Thanks! nice vid, well explain!
Glad you liked it!
You cleared my most of doubts related to cv
Glad we can help!
I have a final this evening and this helped me study, thanks a lot!
Glad this was very helpful. I hope your final went well!
Very well explained
Glad it was helpful!
Thank you this video has dramatically improved my understanding of Cyclic Voltammetry. I have to design an Electrochemical sensor that uses the principles of Cyclic Voltammetry, so I wanted to ask once you have the voltammogram (the current vs potential plot), how do you then obtain the concentration/amount of (in this case) ferrocyanide in the solution?
I'm glad the video has been helpful in your understanding of electrochemistry and CV. To determine the concentration from the voltammogram, the most straight forward way is to use the Randles-Sevcik Equation. This relates the peak current to a bunch of parameters like the scan rate, diffusion coefficient, area of the electrode, and the concentration. Once you know the other parameters you can use CV as a sensor and use a linear fit/calibration curve to relate the peak current to the concentration. I hope this was helpful. As an FYI, we hold weekly livestreams where you can ask us anything about electrochemistry. They are typically at 1 pm on Fridays EST on CZcams.
Thank you so much!
Glad you enjoyed this!
When I stopped by this video, I realized it was very informative and useful for new bees in the field of electrochemistry. Moreover, I am working on electrochemical system to monitor biogenic species. It’s really useful even in few minutes. In addition, I have a question, why do we sometimes use both species in electrochemical system the Ferrocyanide and Ferrocyanide? If one can work already then why to add second species? What is the mechanism and role of second species if the first species is already oxidized on the electrode surface?
Thank you for stopping by and I'm glad you enjoyed the video. With regard to adding both oxidized and reduced forms of a species into solution (Ferrocyanide and Ferricyanide) it depends on the application. But in general the concentration of both species in solution will adjust the electrode potential as governed by the Nernst equation, E = E0 - RT/nF*Ln(Ox/Red). If you want to adjust the E of your system, you can do so by changing the concentration of Ox and Red. I hope that made sense, please let me know if you need further clarification.
@@Pineresearch thanks for you response and clarification. I just need to know that when the ferrocyanide reached towards the electrode surface (during positive cycle), electrode would take electron from the ferrocyanide and this species will become ferricyanide (up to this point I am well satisfied). But when we introduce both species then what will second species do at this stage when ferrocyanide became ferricyanide.
Now we have ferricyanide adsorbed on the electrode surface due to the migration and we have also extra ferricyanide that we introduced previously in the electrochemical system.
@@physicsofcharacterizationt7570 Great question. First, it's important to note that in the mixed redox system (ferrocyanide + ferricyanide) you have changed the electrode potential in your system compared to the system where you only have ferrocyanide. Remember that the electrode potential is governed by the Nernst equation. Your electrode potential is different from the original system. So, your question can't be answered directly because by virtue of adding the other redox molecule you've changed the system. If you performed the exact same experiment as previously described, you'd initially see a spike in current followed by the decay (like in a chronoamperometry experiment), then you'd get the "duck-shaped" CV response. The spike in current is because you've initially moved the potential to a point away from the open-circuit potential, and that is a point where ferricyanide is thermodynamically favored. As a result faradaic current passes converting ferrocyanide to ferricyanide. The current decays as the surface concentration of ferricyanide gets depleted. As you continue to sweep the potential more positively, the ferrocyanide will oxidize to ferricyanide, and upon the switching potential, we would reduce the ferricyanide to ferrocyanide, getting the "duck-shaped" voltammogram. Was that helpful? I know it's quite a bit.
@@Pineresearch thank you 😊
super informative
Glad you liked it
very insightful
Glad you liked it
Insanely awesome for my 2nd year chem degree :)))
Glad to hear that!
This is a very helpful video, Can you do a video on how to optimize the process of taking the CV data. And also would love to see how you interpret the EIS data and how to fit the data.
Glad you enjoyed the video. What do you mean by "optimize the process of taking CV data"? Are you referring to optimizing the conditions for good CV data? Are the referring to placement of the electrodes?
We do have a bunch of videos on how to interpret EIS data depending on what the system is and how to do circuit fitting. What system are you interested in?
@@Pineresearch Thank you for your swift reply, Yes how do we optimize the condition for taking the CV data? Regarding the electrodes, I am using a graphite sheet as a substrate and then I coat the slurry on it. So How would you go about it?
And Regarding the system, I am working on both polymer electrolytes and different electrodes for energy storage, So can you do a video on how to interpret the EIS Data for these systems?
Thanks once again, I am now a fan of your channel.❤
@@MatbiangShadap We are glad you like the channel ❤. Every electrochemical system is a little different when it comes to optimization of electrodes, but for a graphite sheet with a slurry on it, my guess is that you will want to place the reference electrode close to the working electrode. You probably also have a fairly large surface area working electrode, so you will need an even larger area counter electrode, perhaps one or two graphite rod electrodes. Depending on the conductivity of the electrolyte you are using you will probably want to determine the uncompensated solution resistance and determine whether or not you need iR compensation. Those are some starting points, but I'd first test your electrodes and electrochemical cell with a well characterized analyte like ferrocyanide or ferrocene. Because you'll know exactly what the response of ferrocyanide or ferrocene should be, you can then start to make adjustments to your system to get better data.
Regarding EIS interpretation, we don't have a specific video on that kind of system. However, if you take our "How to Perform EIS Circuit Fitting on a SrTiO3 Perovskite Film" video, czcams.com/video/wixp3pKvKMc/video.html at 3:21 we start to go over how to model the system, and more specifically at 9:42 we take about how to think about making an equivalent circuit model. You might that that helpful when modeling your system.
@@Pineresearch Thank you for your suggestion and more over thank you for your swift reply. You have just made me a great fan of yours. I will definitely try out your suggestion. Thanks once again.
Great informative video. I am a beginner and I understand the phenomena of that.
Do you have any other video suggesting how we select the electrodes/ electrolyte solution for any particular sample? Let's say Titanium Carbide powder and I need to check its capacitance.
We're glad you enjoyed the video. We don't have any videos on selecting electrode/electrolyte solutions. But for studying powders, most scientist drop cast a solution of the of powder in a suspension, and allow it to dry on the working electrode surface. The working electrode in this case would be something inert like glassy carbon. The electrical double layer can be very complicated and the electrolyte solution will play a role in the capacitance. Sorry I can't be more helpful.
Great work, I hope you will make a video explaining differential pulse voltammetry like this video
Thank you. That's a great idea. I've got a list of videos I plan on making. I think that will go on the list too. Stay tuned for more!
Excellent demonstration and open the eyes of those persons who are taking the data blindly
Glad you enjoyed the video!
Best video....thankyou
Glad you liked it
great video, man
Glad you liked it!
Simply great explaination with the video illustrations and examples !!! Plz make one video on how CV can perform in double electrode system !
Glad you enjoyed the video! I'll put that on the list of many videos I need to make :D
This is an awesome teaching about CV. Would you please also teach about chronoamperometry? TIA.
Thank you RanjitDe! Chronoamperometry is definitely a video I'm planning on making in the near future.
Amazing! Subscribed!
Glad you liked it! Welcome to the channel :)
Really good presentation❤️❤️. Could you please share a video about cyclic voltamograms of elecrochemical reaction mechanism ? 🙄
Thank you! Which electrochemical reaction mechanisms are you referring to? This one was basically a single electron transfer reaction. But there are a lot of different electrochemical reactions our there.
SUPERB VIDEO ABOUT CV
Thank you!!
Thank you very much for this video!!! The explanation is very clear and straightforward.But if the electrolyte solution is not ferric cyanide, but glucose, can electrochemical characterization be achieved?
Glucose by itself isn't electroactive, so you wouldn't observe an oxidation or reduction currents associated with glucose. However, some of the original technology for electrochemical glucose sensors was using the enzyme glucose oxidase that converted glucose and oxygen to gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide was electroactive on platinum electrodes. Today I believe there are more advanced technologies for electrochemical glucose detection.
Very good video! Could you explain this technique for Lithium-Ion coin cell please
Will try. I would need to speak to my colleagues about using the technique for batteries.
please provide more example and deeply talk about some other functions such as LSV and motshocki and also how we can conclusion different type of cycles
Thank you we've got some ideas for future videos related to CV and EIS.
THANK YOU!
You're very welcome! Thank you for watching our video content!
Great video.
Glad you enjoyed it
If my professor had been this clear in his lectures maybe I wouldn't have hated the module.😮💨
Oh no, I'm sorry to hear that! But I am glad you enjoyed our video anyway!
Please also upload one lecture on chronopotentiometry, how to adjust the constant current and potential limits for charging and discharging after taking cyclic voltammetry especially for supercapacitor materials.
Definitely something to work on. Although I don't have much experience with super capacitors
perfect explanation! b
Glad you liked it!!
Nice video. Please do you have any video on chronoamperommetry?
Thank you! I'll put chronoamperometry on the list of videos to work on :)
Thank you very much sir🥰🥰🥰
You are most welcome!
Very good video. Greetings from Colombia. I would like you to explain adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) in this same way. Thanks!
Thank you! I've got a lot of video ideas for the future, I'll eventually get to stripping voltammetry. But it might be a while.
really useful..
Glad you liked it!
Thank you
You're welcome
wonderful man
Glad you liked it!
Thank you for the great video. I have a question, would it be possible to convert a cyclic voltammetry graph using a Ruthenium Oxide electrochemical cell to calculate pH values of an aqueous solution?
Hello Chris, I'm glad you enjoyed the video. I'm entirely sure I know if what you are saying is possible. Is ruthenium oxide the working electrode material? Are you trying to calculate pH via CV? I believe it is possible, but it will be dependent on ruthenium oxides interaction with protons in solution and whether the change in the pH will create a change in the voltammogram.
good lectures
Glad you enjoyed them!
Good teacher
Many many thanks!
Please make a separate video about all the maths calculation.
Thanks for letting me know. Only one other person asked for it, so it wasn't on the list. But with more support I'll make a video about it.
Hi there, I want to perform LSV and CV on the different anode materials keeping the cathode material same, but I am not sure what potential range and scan rate I should adopt? Is there thumb of the rule or guidance?
It will depend on the system. But we did a live stream Q&A that goes over the selection of the potential range. czcams.com/video/8OavQwLmOPs/video.html
Around 5:03 we talk about a general approach to determining the potential range. I hope this is helpful.
Hi it's so informative, can u explain in detail of compleat CV With general working electrodes or commercial electrodes like LFP in 2 Electrode system with very important is with KOH Or NaOH Electrolyte for battery.
Thanks for your question. Typically, CV is not the most preferred technique to use on batteries. In a recent livestream I talked about this a little bit, see this link for some additional context: czcams.com/users/liveZb36oDPMW8A?si=BkIYVqvenOJyYXMx&t=2062
If you want more live, detailed discussion of this subject or others related to batteries, I invite you join one of our weekly livestreams on Fridays at 1pm EST (US eastern time). You can ask questions and I will try to address them live for you.
@@Pineresearch Thanks for your reply.
it's helpful
Thank you for watching, and glad you found it helpful!
First off: Great Video!
I got two questions, I hope you can answer me.
What if my analyte is molten salt and i have no solvent? Just the salt and nothing else.
What changes if I‘m working with a two-electrode system without a reference electrode?
Glad you enjoyed the video! We host a livestream on Friday's at 1 pm EST where I can answer your questions in more detail. In short - molten salts act like electrolyte ions, without the solvent, however it's a liquid so molecules can still diffuse like they would in the regular system. I believe there are still some differences in things like the electrical double layer and it's structure. But in general you can use the same model for CV in aqueous as in molten salts.
In a two electrode system, the main consideration is that the reference potential will most likely be changing. You will measure and apply a voltage between the working and counter/reference but what the reference potential is in an absolute case will be different and shift around.
Thank you very much! This helped me a lot. Sadly, I missed the livestream.
@@user-pd8sq6qz3r Not a problem! FYI, I answered your question in the last livestream at 1:53:54. czcams.com/users/live2x2XL6ga2zY
I am gonna start my PhD research in electrochemistry, it's gonna helpful to better understanding the Cyclic Voltammetry.
Where are you doing your PhD? Also, stay turned to our channel because we go over a lot of fundamental electrochemistry concepts that hopefully make understanding electrochemistry easier. Because sometimes reading the text book is...daunting
@@Pineresearch thanks, I am just finished the course work and comprehensive exams (written). I am doing Ph.D. at SUNY at Binghamton, NY, USA
@@OmarFaruk-dt3hs Very good. I was thinking if you were near us (Durham NC) we are holding a cyclic voltammetry BootCamp with Professor Jillian Dempsey, you could attend. Right now I don't think there are any echem workshops in that area.
@@Pineresearch Thank you very much. It is always confusing to me although I wrote a book chapter on wearable energy storage device. Even I didn't understood it clearly from one of my coursework. Do you have online option to attend?
@@OmarFaruk-dt3hs Hello Omar, currently we don't have an online course, but we do offer free webinars on different electrochemistry topics. Right now electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is the big one, but if you stay tuned to our website and social media platforms you'll learn about upcoming events.
Thanks for your video. I don't understand why you suddenly draw the electrode as negative on 12.18? Because by looking at your 'potential (v)' graph it is still postive right?
Apart from that, where would these electrons originate from, from which the electrode donates them?
That is a good point. I was trying to illustrate that the polarity of the sweep was in the negative direction, but I believe you are correct, the charge on the electrode should still be positive. Good catch on my video.
Regarding where the electrons come from. When reducing the molecule, they come the conductive working electrode.
Thanks for your reply. I have thought a bit about this and I still don't really understand it. How does a positively charged electrode still deliver electrons to the solution? That would make it even more positive
@@2mrRB Great question. A positively charged electrode can still donate electrons to a molecule, if the molecule has an even stronger positive charge. In the case of the cyclic voltammogram, the reduction of ferricyanide is because the potential (while positive) is not sufficiently positive compared to the redox potential of ferrocyanide to take an electron. The thermodynamically stable state at that potential is for the electrode to donate an electron back to ferricyanide. I hope this makes sense.
@@Pineresearch it does. Thanks a lot for your help and prompt responses!!