In Brittany, the peasants defended themselves: they were armed, trained and had property to defend, so they banded together and protected it. So did the townsfolk. Such Breton militias took down invading armies.
I'm pushing 70, but I used to work in civil service. I often encountered those who could not read or could not read English. They had prodigious memories and could recite a great many facts and dates from memory. It was humbling.
Written word is actually detrimental to higher cognitive functions. Once your brain knows you write things down the brain no longer sees the need to remember all the details. It just references them instead. Homo Sapiens have lost 20% brain size in past 10,000 years. Imagine what Google and iPhones are doing to general knowledge capabilities. Hive mind mentality relies on the "everybody knows" knowledge base, no longer on independent thought and knowing the truth for yourself. Most people say they know there are five senses (not counting esp) but that's from the "everybody knows" knowledge base, independent thought poses that 'balance' is also a sense, so contrary to what 'everybody knows' is there are six senses. But no one will ever know because they no longer use their brains to determine the truth for themselves.
Passing on knowledge from generation to generation without writing requires incredible memory and training to be able to recite history, genealogy and old stories, word for word and with the exact same emphasis and inflections applied as was told. The narrator is not allowed to add their own interpretations or emphasis on phrases. It was incredibly more accurate than writing which anyone can interpret their own way. Religions are a prime example of how writing causes confusion and many interpretations from the same original text. In other words it's a system of control and different powers are vying for that control via different interpretations.
@@Svartalf14 illiteracy is much higher today than in 1970, and it was much higher in 1970 than in 1900 or earlier. Perhaps it will go down in the internet age 😐
The discussion about parents loving their children reminds me of how, officially in Han Dynasty China children weren't considered people until the age of 16 (if I'm not mistaken) and thus if a child died they werent supposed to be memorialized in the family shrine or even mourned. But of course people loved their children and did so anyway. As always, what people were supposed to do isnt always what they actually did.
So many cultures embedded their knowledge in rhyme and stories to make it easier to learn and remember. Children knew sing songs that contained information that could save a peasants life, or make a builder or famers life easier. We have some of them still but stopped looking for wisdom outside of a book
I've heard that when baptising a stillborn child, the cold stone on which they placed the infant would cause it's muscles to contract, which people took for the child briefly coming back to life to be baptized.
To clarify on St. Augustine’s teaching, he believed that while unbaptized infants did go to Hell, it was to a unique region of Hell called the Limbo of the Infants. In this state there was no suffering and in fact was likened to the Garden of Eden as being a place of perfect natural happiness. This is because without baptism, original sin remained on the soul and thus Heaven was not an option, but without any actual sin, one could not deserve punishment in Hell. That said, medieval people would still have wanted to baptize their children so they could go to Heaven, but they did not believe unbaptized children would suffer the torments of Hell.
hey, about the villain thing, don't forget that it comes from the Latin villa (country estate), and that the villains were the personnel attached to a villa, slaves in Roman times, and made into serfs in the late Carolingian/early Capetian times (sorry, I'm French and those are my references, I don't have a timeline of serfdom in Britain)
When people talk about not loving children, either because of the hardships or the norms of the time, I think of a family friend who lost her daughter in the last trimester. She knew her, felt her, she takes a moment to morn her every year and she is never too far from her mind... Maybe she is a little more connected than some but even if that is true... You cannot say that parental bond is a voluntary thing. I think very often we are misunderstanding of the context of those things people held back from young children
Thank you from the bottom of my heart for this video. I was diognosed with dislexia at 17 and have dyslexic friends. Although I went into further and higher education, I don’t equate my learning there with how intelligent I am. Just because we consume through reading or listening to anything doesn’t mean that what we read or learn us necessarily useful in the long term. Intelligence comes from having an enquiring mind and questioning nature. All people from all levels of society can have this. I love also what you said about dislexia. I do most of my research and study through listening to audio books and video content. Plus talking and debating with people. Well read doesn’t alway mean well informed. We need to weigh up what we’ve read in our own minds and not just accept what we’ve read in a book.
If you're exams are done orally then you are honing your communication skills the whole time you're learning and being tested... Which would allow more learning via discussion and gossip. And being able to speak easily and fluidly about something tells people right away that you're informed-no fancy pieces of paper needed
This upload stopped playing at 22:19. Other videos are playing, so I assume that the problem is with the upload. Pity! ............. Time heals all. It's running :)
Would be nice to have a few art images from the era, just sayin,'🤔 You do have a well researched presentation and a generous attitude. For this, thank you.!🌹🌹
yes, have to pass verbal interview tests for certifications at work -- it turns out that people who can pass a written Multiple Guess Test on subject matter might still have n0 understanding~~~
However, slavery continued til 1800s + some Romani in E Europe. Many Europeans enslaved other Europeans + N Africans, and vice versa til 1800s also S Europe ("Barbary" pirates of N Africa) Meanwhile, several W Euro countries started Atlantic slave trade in W + C & SWern Africa. Today, UN uses expanded definition of slavery to find that there now enslaved than in 19th c.
If the community was upset at a marriage (say, a wizened widower taking up with a girl who could be his daughter), there would be a charivari (shah, ree vah ree)... the rest you say very well
Literacy 1) Most Romans + Greeks were illiterate ? 2) At 1st, W + E Euro languages did not have own written languages til mid or late Medieval era---- for many centuries literacy was in Latin in W Europe, Greek ? in SE Europe, etc.--- not in various peoples own languages. Ancient Celts + Germanic had runic writing, again by minority.
Wait a minute, travelling for trade and jobs? I thought you were mostly dealing with serfs, and you know, if you're a serf, your lord might not be too keen on letting you leave his lands... depends on who you are, how he treats his serfs generally, and how much he trusts you, but if you have spoons to sell, he might require you to sell to travelling salesmen who pass through, rather than go yourself in the next parish, that happens to be on his neighbour's lands... also, if there are too many smith's on one manor, sure, one will move, but odds are he's no villain but a free craftsman anyway...
@@histguy101 I don't get your point. Mine is that he started making us think he was going to talk about one social category, and then goes on with people who can't belong to it without warning.
WTF? I mean, sure, serfs were a not negligible part of the cultivation classes, but they never were such a huge majority that one could afford to ignore free peasants, whether they were peasant farmers (paying rent), petty land owners, or even allodial landowners who never rose to the armed classes, though enfeoffed nobility did all they could (and with armed might, that was considerable), to force the latter to hand over their lands and become farmers.
Concerning the literacy/intelligence thing, let's go back to pre roman times, and we find that druids and bards, who not only were generally illiterate, but actively eschewed the use of writing, must have been dumber than millstones. ;)
I have to admit, though, that I'm not really listening to your podcast, I'm half deaf, and I have trouble with spoken English, so I rely most on the subtitles.
Written word is actually detrimental to higher cognitive functions. Once your brain knows you write things down the brain no longer sees the need to remember all the details. It just references them instead. Homo Sapiens have lost 20% brain size in past 10,000 years. Imagine what Google and iPhones are doing to general knowledge capabilities. Hive mind mentality relies on the "everybody knows" knowledge base, no longer on independent thought and knowing the truth for yourself. Most people say they know there are five senses (not counting esp) but that's from the "everybody knows" knowledge base, independent thought poses that 'balance' is also a sense, so contrary to what 'everybody knows' is there are six senses. But no one will ever know because they no longer use their brains to determine the truth for themselves.
Passing on knowledge generation to generation without writing requires incredible memory and training to be able to recite history, genealogy and old stories, word for word and with the exact same emphasis and inflections applied as was told. The narrator is not allowed to add their own interpretations or emphasis on phrases. It was incredibly more accurate than writing which anyone can interpret their own way. Religions are a prime example of how writing causes confusion and many interpretations from the same original text. In other words it's a system of control and different powers are vying for that control via different interpretations.
@@3rdeye671 As a great lover of reading, whom my friend regularly accuse of having replaced my brains with a hard drive because of all the obscure things I know, I beg to differ.
@@3rdeye671 That's why pre literary people usually built up mnemotechnics in their histories and poetries to make it easier to remember/reconstitute the text. That's particularly visible in the rhythmic/sound structure of Greek, Roman, or Skaldic poetry.
This is another reason Christianity, and all Abrahamic religions, are cruel at thier core. Just think about all of the pain and death that has followed in their wake.
Correct me if I'm wrong, but I believe in the medieval period "literacy" meant the ability to read and write *Latin*. There is evidence that a fair number of ordinary people knew how to read and write their local languages -- see en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birch_bark_manuscript#East_Slavic_texts for an example of personal and business letters that were preserved.
In Brittany, the peasants defended themselves: they were armed, trained and had property to defend, so they banded together and protected it. So did the townsfolk. Such Breton militias took down invading armies.
Levy's where militariliy useful, in fact I think there was a minimum requirement of freemen to be armed with a bow and several arrows.
I think there even was a law in place in britain, that required all peasant men to train in archery more or less regularly
I'm pushing 70, but I used to work in civil service. I often encountered those who could not read or could not read English. They had prodigious memories and could recite a great many facts and dates from memory. It was humbling.
wait, you're seventy, so you started working around 1970, correct? and there still were many illiterates under the age of 60 by then?
@@Svartalf14 There are more that you would expect to this day.
Written word is actually detrimental to higher cognitive functions. Once your brain knows you write things down the brain no longer sees the need to remember all the details. It just references them instead. Homo Sapiens have lost 20% brain size in past 10,000 years.
Imagine what Google and iPhones are doing to general knowledge capabilities.
Hive mind mentality relies on the "everybody knows" knowledge base, no longer on independent thought and knowing the truth for yourself.
Most people say they know there are five senses (not counting esp) but that's from the "everybody knows" knowledge base, independent thought poses that 'balance' is also a sense, so contrary to what 'everybody knows' is there are six senses.
But no one will ever know because they no longer use their brains to determine the truth for themselves.
Passing on knowledge from generation to generation without writing requires incredible memory and training to be able to recite history, genealogy and old stories, word for word and with the exact same emphasis and inflections applied as was told. The narrator is not allowed to add their own interpretations or emphasis on phrases. It was incredibly more accurate than writing which anyone can interpret their own way. Religions are a prime example of how writing causes confusion and many interpretations from the same original text.
In other words it's a system of control and different powers are vying for that control via different interpretations.
@@Svartalf14 illiteracy is much higher today than in 1970, and it was much higher in 1970 than in 1900 or earlier.
Perhaps it will go down in the internet age 😐
The discussion about parents loving their children reminds me of how, officially in Han Dynasty China children weren't considered people until the age of 16 (if I'm not mistaken) and thus if a child died they werent supposed to be memorialized in the family shrine or even mourned. But of course people loved their children and did so anyway. As always, what people were supposed to do isnt always what they actually did.
Lloyd deMause in his *History of Childhood* describes how cruelly parents swaddled their children in the Middle Ages.
- Adûnâi
my grandpa never got above a 3rd grade reading level and one of my uncles was almost entirely illiterate, but they were damn good mechanics
So many cultures embedded their knowledge in rhyme and stories to make it easier to learn and remember. Children knew sing songs that contained information that could save a peasants life, or make a builder or famers life easier.
We have some of them still but stopped looking for wisdom outside of a book
I've heard that when baptising a stillborn child, the cold stone on which they placed the infant would cause it's muscles to contract, which people took for the child briefly coming back to life to be baptized.
To clarify on St. Augustine’s teaching, he believed that while unbaptized infants did go to Hell, it was to a unique region of Hell called the Limbo of the Infants. In this state there was no suffering and in fact was likened to the Garden of Eden as being a place of perfect natural happiness. This is because without baptism, original sin remained on the soul and thus Heaven was not an option, but without any actual sin, one could not deserve punishment in Hell. That said, medieval people would still have wanted to baptize their children so they could go to Heaven, but they did not believe unbaptized children would suffer the torments of Hell.
Also, some areas, people did not have
feudal system + serf peasants, such as
Switzerland, Euzkadi (Basques), Iceland,
etc.
hey, about the villain thing, don't forget that it comes from the Latin villa (country estate), and that the villains were the personnel attached to a villa, slaves in Roman times, and made into serfs in the late Carolingian/early Capetian times (sorry, I'm French and those are my references, I don't have a timeline of serfdom in Britain)
This is starting to become my favorite YT channel
Criminally underrated person. Just subscribed!
When people talk about not loving children, either because of the hardships or the norms of the time, I think of a family friend who lost her daughter in the last trimester. She knew her, felt her, she takes a moment to morn her every year and she is never too far from her mind... Maybe she is a little more connected than some but even if that is true... You cannot say that parental bond is a voluntary thing.
I think very often we are misunderstanding of the context of those things people held back from young children
Thank you so much for this, there are so many interesting ideas to keep thinking about, and follow up on!
Thank you from the bottom of my heart for this video. I was diognosed with dislexia at 17 and have dyslexic friends. Although I went into further and higher education, I don’t equate my learning there with how intelligent I am. Just because we consume through reading or listening to anything doesn’t mean that what we read or learn us necessarily useful in the long term. Intelligence comes from having an enquiring mind and questioning nature. All people from all levels of society can have this. I love also what you said about dislexia. I do most of my research and study through listening to audio books and video content. Plus talking and debating with people. Well read doesn’t alway mean well informed. We need to weigh up what we’ve read in our own minds and not just accept what we’ve read in a book.
If you're exams are done orally then you are honing your communication skills the whole time you're learning and being tested... Which would allow more learning via discussion and gossip. And being able to speak easily and fluidly about something tells people right away that you're informed-no fancy pieces of paper needed
This upload stopped playing at 22:19. Other videos are playing, so I assume that the problem is with the upload. Pity! ............. Time heals all. It's running :)
Would be nice
to have a few art images from the era, just sayin,'🤔
You do have a well researched presentation and a generous attitude. For this, thank you.!🌹🌹
yes, have to pass verbal interview tests for certifications at work --
it turns out that people who can pass a written Multiple Guess Test on subject matter might still have n0 understanding~~~
I wasn't ready for that 04:22 lol 🤣😂
Bravo!!!!!
I believe they were called villeins because they were ‘serfs’ of the vill.
Also it was Terry Jones not Terry Gilliam who wrote “Medieval Lives”. A Python nonetheless!
Graphic super cool
VERY INFORMATIVE.
good podcast! :3
Amazing talk
However, slavery continued til 1800s +
some Romani in E Europe. Many Europeans enslaved other Europeans +
N Africans, and vice versa til 1800s also
S Europe ("Barbary" pirates of N Africa)
Meanwhile, several W Euro countries
started Atlantic slave trade in W + C
& SWern Africa.
Today, UN uses expanded definition of slavery to find that there now enslaved
than in 19th c.
Now villains have their own wiki site
Edit: and I would recommend everyone visit!
If the community was upset at a marriage (say, a wizened widower taking up with a girl who could be his daughter), there would be a charivari (shah, ree vah ree)... the rest you say very well
Literacy
1) Most Romans + Greeks were illiterate ?
2) At 1st, W + E Euro languages did not
have own written languages til mid or
late Medieval era---- for many centuries
literacy was in Latin in W Europe,
Greek ? in SE Europe, etc.--- not in
various peoples own languages.
Ancient Celts + Germanic had runic
writing, again by minority.
Wait a minute, travelling for trade and jobs? I thought you were mostly dealing with serfs, and you know, if you're a serf, your lord might not be too keen on letting you leave his lands... depends on who you are, how he treats his serfs generally, and how much he trusts you, but if you have spoons to sell, he might require you to sell to travelling salesmen who pass through, rather than go yourself in the next parish, that happens to be on his neighbour's lands... also, if there are too many smith's on one manor, sure, one will move, but odds are he's no villain but a free craftsman anyway...
A merchant is not a serf, nor is a craftsman, just farmers who didn't own their farms.
@@histguy101 I don't get your point. Mine is that he started making us think he was going to talk about one social category, and then goes on with people who can't belong to it without warning.
WTF? I mean, sure, serfs were a not negligible part of the cultivation classes, but they never were such a huge majority that one could afford to ignore free peasants, whether they were peasant farmers (paying rent), petty land owners, or even allodial landowners who never rose to the armed classes, though enfeoffed nobility did all they could (and with armed might, that was considerable), to force the latter to hand over their lands and become farmers.
.
Concerning the literacy/intelligence thing, let's go back to pre roman times, and we find that druids and bards, who not only were generally illiterate, but actively eschewed the use of writing, must have been dumber than millstones. ;)
I have to admit, though, that I'm not really listening to your podcast, I'm half deaf, and I have trouble with spoken English, so I rely most on the subtitles.
Written word is actually detrimental to higher cognitive functions. Once your brain knows you write things down the brain no longer sees the need to remember all the details. It just references them instead. Homo Sapiens have lost 20% brain size in past 10,000 years.
Imagine what Google and iPhones are doing to general knowledge capabilities.
Hive mind mentality relies on the "everybody knows" knowledge base, no longer on independent thought and knowing the truth for yourself.
Most people say they know there are five senses (not counting esp) but that's from the "everybody knows" knowledge base, independent thought poses that 'balance' is also a sense, so contrary to what 'everybody knows' is there are six senses.
But no one will ever know because they no longer use their brains to determine the truth for themselves.
Passing on knowledge generation to generation without writing requires incredible memory and training to be able to recite history, genealogy and old stories, word for word and with the exact same emphasis and inflections applied as was told. The narrator is not allowed to add their own interpretations or emphasis on phrases. It was incredibly more accurate than writing which anyone can interpret their own way. Religions are a prime example of how writing causes confusion and many interpretations from the same original text.
In other words it's a system of control and different powers are vying for that control via different interpretations.
@@3rdeye671 As a great lover of reading, whom my friend regularly accuse of having replaced my brains with a hard drive because of all the obscure things I know, I beg to differ.
@@3rdeye671 That's why pre literary people usually built up mnemotechnics in their histories and poetries to make it easier to remember/reconstitute the text. That's particularly visible in the rhythmic/sound structure of Greek, Roman, or Skaldic poetry.
This is another reason Christianity, and all Abrahamic religions, are cruel at thier core. Just think about all of the pain and death that has followed in their wake.
Who else here because their teacher made them come 🥱🙄
Who else here because they’re teacher made them watch this 🥱🙄
Correct me if I'm wrong, but I believe in the medieval period "literacy" meant the ability to read and write *Latin*. There is evidence that a fair number of ordinary people knew how to read and write their local languages -- see en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birch_bark_manuscript#East_Slavic_texts for an example of personal and business letters that were preserved.
Rattles on. Poorly organized. Sophomoric.