2. Neuroanatomy
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- čas přidán 22. 05. 2024
- MIT 9.13 The Human Brain, Spring 2019
Instructor: Nancy Kanwisher
View the complete course: ocw.mit.edu/9-13S19
CZcams Playlist: • MIT 9.13 The Human Bra...
Basic brief neuroanatomy review in preparation for dissection, including an introduction to the cortex, primary regions, and topographic maps.
* NOTE: Lecture 3. Master Class: Human Brain Dissection (in-class dissection-video not recorded)
License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
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We encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s CZcams and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at ocw.mit.edu/comments.
* NOTE: Lecture 3. Master Class: Human Brain Dissection (in-class dissection-video not recorded)
View the complete course: ocw.mit.edu/9-13S19
CZcams Playlist: czcams.com/play/PLUl4u3cNGP60IKRN_pFptIBxeiMc0MCJP.html
@@odiolareligionodioelvatixa9044 what neural network are you using?
I think I could be blind and still do my savant art. I don’t have to be blind. I don’t have to really see what I draw either. But I’m looking right at it. I still don’t know what it is while I draw it.
I used to have a sleep disorder and have had a bout of it recently, that doesn’t let me know whether I have slept or remember falling asleep or waking up and I will micronap on and off for days without realizing it if it’s really bad.
All I need to do is swirl my finger around and tap my other finger. I am mindless and unaware of any goal to draw anything in particular and expect the drawing to just be lines that don’t represent objects, but I go from purely abstract to surrealist illusions without any effort.
And I’m drawing these surrealist illusory illustrations perfectly sideways. I can’t do that by hand with a pencil unless I take my time and have something to draw. Never have I ever before the app, drawn creatively or/and sideways, speedily nonetheless.
It's crazy that there are people out there who used this lecture to get their degree and become a neurosurgeon or something. And I'm using this lecture to keep me focused to wash my dishes.
Also, bless MIT for making this course free. When I was a kid, I loved learning so much I played school during summer break. If I had a math workbook from the previous year, I would finish it. The school gave us an old science textbook to keep so I studied from it. I watched documentaries and CSPAN for fun. If I had this course available to me back then, I would've been the happiest kid around. I hope somewhere out there, there's a kid who is like I was and can learn as much as they want.
Love that. Never stop learning, should be everybody's priority.
I feel the exact same way. When I was younger I attempted to get my hands on anything I could read, which wasn’t much😢
We are both extraordinarily lucky to live exactly at this moment in a 4B year run...
Same my friend!! Cheers!
It seems like your love of learning still remains! Cheers!
I would like to apply to MIT just to get the rejection letter to hang it on my wall. "Dear Mr. Cumberland: Upon reviewing your high school transcript, we at the MIT admissions office are perplexed as to how anyone could possibly make an 'F' in Art class? We would like to interview you and request you submit to a MRI scan of your brain so that our neurology department can settle a bet."
Not a bad idea ... not a bad idea at all
Maybe you get an F in art but I can see you getting an A in internet troll
My hypothesis is that you skipped Art class... the only reason for a ‘F’ IMO
Mr Louis Olivier
😂😂😂😂
For anybody like me who kept thinking "I wish I knew what these reading assignment papers were, they sound so interesting": you can find out the papers if you follow the link in the description "View the complete course", then navigate to "Browse course material" -> "Readings"
thank you
OMG thank you!!
You'll find the presentation she used during the lesson. Unfortunately, you won't find the reading mentioned in the video. Well, I didn't find it :(
Re. this course's reading, the book link is broken and the paper is hidden behind a pay wall. But you can read the abstract for free.
@@amit1164 How do you know which paper it is though?
Got my Bachelor's in Cognitive Science from UCSD. What I learned :
1. homunculus
2. "If you see a hippo on campus you'll never forget."
3. You will die without REM sleep
4. Shits always more complicated than you thought it was, never take a behavior study at face value
5. A confident memory does not at all mean an accurate memory
6. We know less about the brain than outer space & it's all from freak accidents and people with grand mal seizures because it's wildly unethical to study a live brain outside a body. Neuroscientists are the Sherlock Holmes of researchers with the detailed and refined amount of information they learn about the brain from a single case study.
Edit:
7. Fire together, wire together
if you see a hippie on campus.. you can ignore him/her... UCSD is chock full of em.... no worries mate
I have eidetic memory... mostly I know not to memorize stuff I can look up
my brother cut up many small animals in his heart research at UCSD... I don't think that's ethical either bro... certainly not from the critter's point of view
My lab partner is Dr Punkin... a French bulldog... we don't use the M word ... he's completely reusable... maybe it's the other way around... he's pretty smart... and every time I fire up... he gets some too... which is absolutely why he's so smart... cute too
I am pretty sure there are unethical practices happening without the public knowing. Gov experiments on maybe clones underground facilities. I am just saying.
@@Lamitoon maybe... it's the idea that cutting up other critters is ok... to further our knowledge about the World around us... ==>> I don't think it's ok
***
essential information.. obtained by force... taken from someone else at the expense of their lives... can't actually bring good results... you can't get good results from doing something wrong
#4 is very important!! Don't let the behaviorists convince you that the brain is "just a black box."
The brain is a universe 😊
What a great speaker. Also did anyone else think to themselves in the beginning of the video "Oh don't apologize for insulting my intelligence, I am actually stupid, and I didn't take 901 or 902. I took uh... 90CZcams to get in here..." lol jk
@@odiolareligionodioelvatixa9044 Yes
900 and 901 are also available online. I thought of taking them before going forward with this one, but the professor said it was okay
Good for you trying to get the education you deserve
Where I can find 901 and 902 course
900 is on youtube, it's pretty damn good, just keep in mind that some of the tent-pole experiments have been debunked since then. Most notably the Milgram experiment and the Stanford prison experiment.
Holy shit! What an age to live in to have something like this just freely available!
Nancy is so pleasant, it looks like she's really enjoying her time. (most of my teachers hated teaching, they only saw themselves as researchers)
Gracias por tu inteligencia.
I think this light shines only in those who truly love what they do, she did.
Then those teachers should consider if teaching is the job for them.
It truly is the teacher that can make or break a class for you, I had a horrible computer science educator back when I was in college and it was awful, he was monotone, uninterested and just going through the motions and honestly, computer science was already a pretty dull and boring topic so it made learning it twice as hard. But, Nancy here is so passionate and brilliant in her lectures that I am vicariously fascinated, I am here as a passive learner but I am walking away with decades of neuroanatomy knowledge thanks to MIT and their generous gift of giving us this invaluable information from such a dedicated and passionate presenter
The woman is PHENOMENAL 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻
I am from engineering background, but has got curiosity to know how our brain works. As I'm a programmer I find it real interesting how do we map a logic for what's happening with different parts of the brain. Please keep sharing such courses, these courses are extremely helpful for people like us
@@halcyon2864 what do you mean? consiousness isnt a property of matter? like, this car has enough power to reach 300kmh, this animal has enough brain power to reach consciouness?
@@halcyon2864 Us, humans are more comfortable with thinking energy comes from matter(whatever kind it may be) because it gives us a starting point to search and learn further. If we start going in the direction of "consciousness cause matter", we would have to understand a major part of the universe to even frame a reasonable question in that aspect. It would be like searching for the smallest pin in the largest haystack.
We don’t map logic or symbols the way Dr. Jordan Peterson described in Maps of Meaning. He made it up.
Hey I am exactly like you here. Very interesting in knowing more about Brain structure while being a student of Computer Science. Very fascinating to see how seemingly unrelated fields have so much to teach us ^^
@@leenagoyal2403 exactly
I'm delighted with this course. I worked in neuropsychiatry and a lot of what she's talking about hadn't even been "born" yet.
Wannabe
"a lot of what she's talking about hadn't even been "born" yet." What does that mean? Curious
We didn't know as much 50 years ago about the functions of the various areas. fMRI was revolutionary. I studied neurotransmitters rather than neuroanatomy. We had EEG, of course.
Thank you MIT for putting this out for free and for hiring and retaining Professor Kanwisher. I almost want to go back to college. :-). Now, please giver her a raise, a BIG raise.
This class is truly fascinating. In many ways I wish I had applied myself a bit more in school to get into a school like MIT.
It's never too late to start. Maybe not at MIT, but there always is a way
For those who seem a bit lost in beginning, start at 4:45
i hope you realize that you are doing the work of god
Thank you ...I was really lost
thank you! you thought about others, its the people like you who make the world better! :)
@@drsakshijoshi Fe DoM
you can tell this woman is a superb teacher.
Hands down the most clearly explained neuroanatomy of our brains! Thank you, Prof. Kanwisher!
I can't believe i watched the entire video enthusiasticly. The topic is good but the way she presented it is amazing, really.
Best lectures since Sopolski!
She and her class are a perfect complement to SApolsky. I assume they know each other pretty well.
She is delightful and she kept me awake from 4:30 to 5:30 in the morning. Really fascinating subject, the brain... she is too.
I have enjoyed open course ware lectures for a good decade now, and I gained a lot of fascinating insight into electrical engineering, physics, quantum physics and many others. But I have never been so mesmerized but such an incredible topic such as neurobiology, I can't thank MIT enough for sharing this lecture with the world free of charge, I've never been so enthralled by a topic such as this, I am blown away at how incredibly fascinating it all is!
For my own reference:
1. Retinotropic map
2. Akinotopsia
3. Area MT
She might be one of the coolest professors I've ever watched
I’m so glad I caught this. Thank you
Good grief, if only my engineering profs would be this enthusiastic about their stuff... I have some, granted, with one Prof being as enthusiastic as this Professor here. And it's an absolute blast to visit his lectures
Thanks a lot for sharing this course Dr Kanwisher!
this series is fantastic! thank you people at MIT
What a clear and engaging professor! I’m a sophomore in high school who’s interested in majoring in neuroscience later in life. Thank you for making this course free :)
Another good resource is feynman lectures on physics (you can find online for free), and going through some of that will give you a good foundation in **understanding** physics which is better than what most colleges will teach, and that will certainly help you in neuroscience
Good luck!
The Four Fs part was so subtle
No.
At the start, the professor says only humans have precision throwing. As with many other things, we take it to a whole different level. But it occurs to me that many monkeys throw their feces accurately. Just saw a video of that on Reddit yesterday, coincidentally. The baboon got it right on the persons face from about 10 feet away, through a cage.
Also various animals very accurately project their venom, or other fluids.
Wonderful lecture series… thank you for posting!
what a gift these videos are.
Okay, now I no longer have beef with weird names on scientific terms or experiments anymore. Thank you, Dr. Nancy
Thanks For the great lecture,
And special thanks to the crew behind the scene 🙂
Madness that An MIT course that people pay 10’s of thousands for are free for us to view, what a world we live in
it is 3 AM, I am learning so much
Loved that the lecturer (professor) is a woman and she is a brilliant teacher - using narratives and engaging the senses to make anatomy come to life
These overviews in neurophysiology remember my classes in my residency of neurosurgery with prof Timo-Iaria. Good times, it was full of hopeness in neurosurgery field
@KobeR Not everybody's as daft as you on youtube. You have zero basis for saying he's not a neurosurgeon. Neurosurgeons have the ability to use youtube like everybody else.
Thanks for this Wonderful Lecture Maa'm, i truly loved it the way you taught it.
18:21 I believe passing the almonds to the students would help them remember the topic.
as a future neuroscience student I know i am, this is soo amazing.. I think I am gonna enjoy this major. thanks to mit.
you just blew my mind.
I pretty much love your classes
Im so grateful for this. Knowledge is true bliss.
Excellent lecture.
thank you very much prof. excellent contribution o the field
The ratio of the number of connections between the cortex, sensor and thalamus may indicate that the sensor is used for feedback filtering. Axons may 'feel' a field of holographic information then use the sensor to filter in specific features from the sea of waves.
That scent is sent directly to the cortex is perhaps a hint to unlock how molecules, of the same type, are formed as unique keys to store and relay memory in the gaps between synapses.
I had the same thought, but in layman terms - scent memories always seem to be the most profound, and here it is shown how it's linked directly and not via the Thalamus like all other senses... Do you mean that molecules could somehow be "stored" in connection to synapses?
@@erikbelfrage4600 Yes. The molecules themselves needn't be stored but unique energy signatures of individual molecules may be linked to memory. An allegory would be of plant leafs. Each type of plant produces the same type of leaf but each one is structurally unique. Or grains of sand of the same mass, that produce a piezo electric charge under pressure, which also produce a unique energy signature because of structural differences in familial types.
If true, this may point to a solution to the problem of why A.I. can't remember a learned task when learning a new one.
as a
Nancy very inspiring it is for me to listen to your lectures.
This is a fabulous course, and Nancy does a wonderful job teaching it. My only criticism is: When you ask a question of your audience and they respond, but we can't hear it, and their answer is important to be able to understand content, please repeat it for listeners who only get to hear your audio.
I love your class Dr Kanwisher. Receiving from Edinburgh Scotland
Outstanding! Brilliant!
I am so happy to have found this❤
OK
i LOVE WHEN SHE SAYS THAT
Well I will follow this whole course
Thank you, MIT !
i dont know how i got here but it makes for a good podcast
Thank you very much doctor
Thanks for sharing this knowledge
I am in class 12 but i understand a lot of new thing
It's worth it to be watched
Tq i am enjoying this course and teacher explains well
Fascinating, thank you for your consideration.
Well, the 4 f's of the amygdala is something I'm not going to forget soon 😂 that gave me a good chuckle (and an easy way to remember, thanks!)
the archerfish can spit droplets of water onto insects from the pond below and knock them off leaves w/remarkable precision.
Great speaker
This kind of lecture videos is the best example how the technology should be used. Namely, to let people access knowledge if they're willing to. Thanks a lot!
P.S.: when can I sign for an exam to obtain the Master of Brain Degree, after I will have accomplished this CZcams course? :)
I agree tremendously.
I just finished writing a paper on how ads and technology point to enhanced communication and that we should all have an education more suited to these mediums.
Q ee ee s
@@GuiPurri sefdfe
I like the way you preset
Blows my mind that the editing team decided to cut away from the presentation immediately after the professor told the class to keep staring at the screen at 40:00. Brain scans on them would either show very insightful or very little data.
thank you so very much... in Spanish we use the word... claro... for understanding
si.. esta muy claro
mil gracias
lucky students to have such a good teacher... it's a noble calling
Vamos, Vamos. Mi amor, Despacito.
15:25 Since we say, 'experience make a person'. Was there any change in behavior of Henry Molaison after the surgery?
magnificent lecture. Thank you. MIT
Thanks 💙👒 2:38
lucky and grateful to be born in a generation where we get this knowledge for free
Fascinating!
Wow, I really liked the part about the retinotopic map. I didn't know that's what that is called.
Also I think it's interesting that the huma MT detects position and presence of position, but not direction, because that's roughly in tune with my understanding of the quantum mechanical description of the world where position and momentum are non commutative. It's like describing a group of vectors in a position space
oh, totally!
I have a BA in Organizational Behavior, but I wish I had gone deeper into pyschology. These lectures are incredible. Is the cerebellum part of the brain or its own entity? I've heard arguments both ways. ...and yes, it's a fabulous nose. :)
That is nice to see MT has movement direction coding in the frontoparallel plane; but, surely there must be movement direction coding in terms of 3D Cartesian space somewhere too. Interesting you say it is very highly metabolically active, as I think it is fairly safe to say from phenomenology that attention to motion uses higher frequency 'frames' of consciousness (transient increase in 'sample rate' for the extra precision to understand motion [I'm not saying retina/VC is sampling at higher rate; rather I'm saying whatever the brain gathered it 'prints to consciousness' at the higher rate so that PFC/cerebellum can better fine tune behavior]).
Thanks again
Neuron activity with different faces and objects. Is this like a radio? As in perfect match vs dial being offset, off ? Not literally, but for the sake of visualizing the interaction.
brilliant!
@19:47 where are the dendritic processes and where do they connect to? How do the cortical neurons interact? I'm confused, somebody please help :)
What was the video switcher person thinking during the afterimage demo??? I love stuff like that, but in order for it to illustrate anything, you have to hold the screen in place during the demo and not switch around to the camera view. I mean seriously, I appreciate the free high quality education, but that's like messing with us!
She is so engaging in her speech.
She really is, she knows how to hook the audience.
This is truly amazing and intriguing
On completing this course can we get any type of certificate
Wow that throws a wrench into things if H.M. only had anterograde amnesia but Lonnie Sue Johnson had a lot of retrograde amnesia in addition, with loss of HPC. I wonder if the retrograde may be due to encephalitis hitting a broader area including entorhinal and perirhinal cortex.
great lecture, but wish the person recording/editing it would have kept the picture still during the live experiment showing the after-effects of sight. totally obscured the point there.
that may have actually been more due to the editing than the recording, but yeah
@@GuiPurri yeah good point, edited the original comment.
If you google, it's difficult to actually find any good photos of, for example, the amygdala. So I started to think that what you really mean when you talk about these regions is that they are specific areas within the brain, that have been mapped out when measuring the activity of the brain. That these areas reside in larger physical shapes in the brain. But this is not correct, right? They have distinct shapes inside the brain, right?
There is an area on the retina that has no photosensitive cells. That is where the optic nerve joins the retina and takes the signals from the retina to the brain. The brain "paints" in the missing info in the picture so we don't "see" the gap in our perception. QN: How is this gap mapped on/handled by the retinotopic map? And where is the algorithm located that fills the image gap? In order to fill the gap, surely it has to analyse the overall image first in order to insert the correct missing part and avoid an incongruous result? Yet our consciousness is not aware of any time lag in our perception of the image? (Hope that all makes sense.)
@Toughen Up, Fluffy Thank you for sharing that very detailed description of your condition. I hope you are receiving appropriate treatment.
I just want to say great question, but I have no idea and would like to know as well
Experts argue there are as many as 33 senses so is there 33 maps
Too Good, First time I'm seeing anything on brain antomy, and this was awesome, feels too good to watch this.
Maybe cause Im a noob, can anyone suggest the term I should search for to understand the chat at 36:39.
This was awesome. God bless MIT, God bless Nancy.
I wonder if her friend she spoke about In the first lesson had problems w his hippocampus considering she said it has to do w navigation?
wait she said that the cerebellum is essential for existence but then you can get by without it? I thought it controls the bodily stuff so it may be necessary...
thank you for difference studying from sri lanka
So the thalamus is the sensor fusion system?
Anyone knows or can explain how the thalamus switches between different senses?
I am watching this to try to figure out what’s wrong with my brain. My doctors, the local hospital, my insurance company, and pharmacy are just too slow. I can’t seem to find my way to the next video to watch. Apparently number 3 is a dissection and not available. So I guess I’m looking for number 4. Oh, I’m dizzy and forgetful and seem to have too much fluid in my brain.
Probably a stupid question, but is it possible to access the reading assignment scientific papers or must they be purchased? I presume MIT have a license for them but us mere mortals must pay up :-) ?...
Dhanyvad aapka
I have the same question at 43:30. I don't really understand how some direction neurons getting tired would cause the net signal to go the other direction.
So there is a pool of neurons that can detect outward motion and inward from that central point. And in that pool of neurons, the ones detecting outward motion were all working hard to let your brain know there was movement. And once you've tired out your outward neurons the inward ones not tired, so they still have some kind of baseline firing meaning that net inward motion is detected until your outward neurons recover and get back to their baseline? This means both inward and outward neurons for that section of visual field always have a baseline triggering happening constantly.
It seems like the person asking the question had the same mental model but the teacher just told them they were wrong without explaining it any further and told them to read the paper. But in the example and explanation given during the lecture, I don't understand what other mental model is possible.
I will go try to find the paper to see if I can understand it better, but I remember hating that during college lol. When I asked a question and the teacher just shut it down, or worse wasn't able to understand the question asked and answers a different question. I get that it's needed for time constraints, and that most teachers will have office hours to go over it in more detail, but it's still a very frustrating feeling
EDIT: lol never mind, the article (www.nature.com/articles/375139a0) is behind a paywall and the abstract doesn't provide enough detail for me to build a new mental model.
you can find the paper at libgen
the paper says that during the "illusion", the parts of the brain that process the perception of motion are still being slectively active, even though theres no motion. I think it has to do with the "refresh rate" of the brain and also because our brain is trying to anticipate the motion/gets used to it.
Yeah but if you read flat earth theory you will see no paywalls, checkm8 science
Thanks ive been looking for that article. Use scihub to avoid the paywall.
Good one class
guys can I depend on this course in studying my neuroanatomy chapter in the text book?
i wonder if there are degrees of viral encephalitis ??
Pituitary gland connected to hypothalamus ,between the optic nerves, is rather important for ‘everyday health’ binding the brain with the endocrine system. A most important nexus in researching peoples health problems both physical and psychological, the brain itself is hormonal, its important to understand that , hormones seriously affect psychology (very unexplored but expect big pharma to oppose you if you do)