SPHERICAL MIRRORS
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SPHERICAL MIRRORS:The reflecting surface of a spherical mirror may be curved inwards or outwards.A spherical mirror is that mirror whose reflecting surface is a part of a hallow sphere of glass.One side of the mirror is well polished and reflecting, and other side of the mirror is opaque.
Spherical mirrors are two types:
1. Concave mirrors
2. Convex mirrors
Concave mirror:A spherical mirror, whose reflecting surface is curved inwards, that is, faces towards the centre of the sphere, is called a concave mirror.
Convex mirror:A spherical mirror, whose reflecting surface is curved outwards, is called a convex mirror.You may now understand that the surface of the spoon curved inwards can be approximated to a concave mirror and the surface of the spoon bulged outwards can be approximated to a convex mirror.Before we move further on spherical mirrors, We need to understand the meaning of a few terms which are commonly used in discussions about spherical mirrors.Pole: The centre of the reflecting surface of a spherical mirror is a point called the pole. It lies on the surface of the mirror. The pole is usually represented by the letter P.
The centre of curvature of the spherical mirror:The reflecting surface of a spherical mirror forms a part of a sphere. This sphere has a centre. This point is called the centre of curvature of the spherical mirror.
The radius of curvature of the mirror:The radius of the sphere of which the reflecting surface of a spherical mirror forms a part, is called the radius of curvature of the mirror. It is represented by the letter R. Here, the distance PC is equal to the radius of curvature.
The principal axis:Imagine a straight line passing through the pole and the centre of curvature of a spherical mirror. This line is called the principal axis.
Observe this video,The principal focus of the concave mirror:A number of rays parallel to the principal axis are falling on a concave mirror. Observe the reflected rays. They are all intersecting at a point on the principal axis of the mirror. This point is called the principal focus of the concave mirror.
The principal focus of the convex mirror:The reflected rays appear to come from a point on the principal axis. This point is called the principal focus of the convex mirror. The principal focus is represented by the letter F.
The focal length: The distance between the pole and the principal focus of a spherical mirror is called the focal length. It is represented by the letter f.
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