What is an RNA Vaccine?
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- čas přidán 22. 07. 2024
- I love RNA, so let's talk about mRNA vaccines and how they work!
This week Pfizer released data saying that their coronavirus vaccine has so far shown 90% efficacy in preventing disease in their clinical trials, which is great! It’s not the end of the road, but it’s a new kind of vaccine called an RNA vaccine, which I am so excited to talk about. So, let’s do just that.
Another giant thank you to my Patreon supporters, including my amazing ribosomes:
Dominick Mendoza
Marcel Ward
Russ Determan
Ben Krasnow
Thorsten Auth
Brad
Mathieu Moog
Diane & George Dainis
Don Burlone
Tim McNally
William Pilkington
Twitter: @AlexDainis
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Patreon: / alexdainis
Vaccine webinar with miniPCR bio: • COVID-19 Vaccines
Listed citations
1. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/vpd-...
2. www.who.int/news-room/q-a-det....
3. www.nytimes.com/interactive/2...
4. www.genome.gov/genetics-gloss...
5. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
6. www.phgfoundation.org/briefin...
7. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
8. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
9. www.precisionvaccinations.com...
10. www.pfizer.com/news/press-rel...
11. www.reuters.com/article/healt...
12. www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/p...
13. www.statnews.com/2020/11/09/c...
14. www.nytimes.com/live/2020/pfi...
Additional resources on how vaccine efficacy/safety is reviewed
1. science.sciencemag.org/conten...
2. www.vox.com/21454359/fauci-ra...
Additional Resources on this Vaccine
www.medrxiv.org/content/10.11...
Video produced by Helicase Media LLC
www.helicasemedia.com - Věda a technologie
Really great summary! I especially appreciate all the additional links in the description :)
But I think there might have been a mix-up regarding the temperature units? The vaccine has to be kept at -80 to -70 °C (!), which roughly corresponds to -94F (also what's given in source [12] that you cite), which is indeed close to the sublimation point of dry ice at -78,4 °C
Signed,
a fellow RNA enthusiast (Master thesis in RNA Biology) :D
Noooooooooooooooo how could I mess up C and F. Ugh, very good point. Pinning your comment, thank you for pointing that out!
@@AlexDainisPhD So did I misunderstand you, or did you say the injection goes in your arm while it is still at that extremely low temperature? Wouldn't that cause tissue damage, similar to touching dry ice for an extended period of time?
@@azdgariarada Ah, so no, it would likely be warmed up some amount shortly before injection. Sorry, I was perhaps being hyperbolic when I said "into your arm," I just meant that it had to stay cold the entire way from being produced to getting to you, and that it couldn't warm up at any stage along the way. But you are right, injecting something that cold into you would likely be bad!
@@AlexDainisPhD Holy crap, an instantaneous response from Alex herself! It's like I have a direct line to awesome science knowledge. Thanks for the answer, and continue being the incredible person you are! Also, go to bed, it's late. :-P
@@AlexDainisPhD Stop using imperial system, just like Nasa, switch to metric system and write down the equivalent in imperial system on your video. You will do less mistake as you are a scientists after all :D
A brand new vaccine technology that took under one year to develop but prior test vaccine technology take 3 to 10 years to develop? Anyone else with me?
We had a head-start on this one in many ways though. We had similar vaccines that had pretty great progress for ebola and zika, and we already knew a lot about things like SARS-CoV-2 because of SARS-CoV which caused the SARS outbreak of 2003/2004. And we had a huge concerted effort to move this forward. It's an unusual timeline, but these are unusual times.
Pfizer used a new instrument that's only been on the market about two years to screen various drug options in their research. It has significantly higher throughput than previous technology which helped speed up the development.
@@AlexDainisPhD if it can give certain people the peace of mind they’re looking for and it is safe and efficacious I’ll be okay. My mind just flips back to H1N1 vaccines and the large amount of people that suffered adverse reactions. As long as new vaccine technology is a choice I’ll be okay. For us who already had COVID with little to no symptoms we should be able to choose whether we want the vaccine or not, well anyone should have the choice to choose. Since most people are asymptotic and recover within a couple of weeks. I had it for 4 days & I was fine. The New York State Bar is already trying to legally pursue ways to make the vaccine mandatory. This is why a lot of us are sitting back worrying about our constitutional and human rights. I’m happy we have vaccines for all that they do, but I do remember being 8 years old and suffering a seizure immediately after the Gardasil vaccination. They told us it was safe, & I spent years of my life recovering. Still to this day 16 years later I randomly have seizures. I do believe for some of us getting Covid was not as bad as they led us to believe and we already have antibodies to it. Most people I knew that got it were also sick for no longer then a week. Vaccines should always be a choice. Look up what New York is already preparing for. I do not agree & think it is highly unconstitutional.
@@HarleyPebley as long as it’s a choice. The New York State Bar is already legally perusing ways to make it mandatory. For a virus a lot of us already have recovered from and suffered from no severe symptoms.
@@SB-ht8uo Yes, absolutely. Our republic is lost if it's mandatory.
The fact that you listed your citations is beyond great! You explain it and let us see for our selves ! Love it !
After you take it, let us know about your experience. Thanks!
Why not ask one of the 44,000 people who have taken it with no issues?
@@thepositiveside2197 or you'll be dead by covid-19 which ever right?
@@austinpatterson9381 if it's so safe, why get indemnity from the government? Why do COVID19 vaccine manufacturers want immunity from lawsuits?
@N Xarigow They would just lie... and have them and their family injected with pure saline.. lol
@N Xarigow Because there is nothing from the mechanism of action perspective to suggest that problems would arise and more importantly the clinical data has been extremely positive with tens to hundreds of thousands of people taking them without serious side effects.
There may be the discussion of immunity if companies follow all of the FDA guidelines because the guidelines are so strict, because the government has a huge desire for corporations to want to produce vaccines, and because protection from lawsuits in the unlikely event of problems would make that venture more appealing for private entities. Thinking that discussion of immunity suggests that the vaccine is dangerous is conspiratorial reasoning and not scientific.
This is great thanks for making this. I’ll try to amplify
Your tweet brought me here, destin!
Thanks for leading me here destin!
Excellent. Thanks for putting this together. Will share this video.
what if my cells misunderstand the RNA messaging? And i develop cancer and die?
You can also develop an autoimmune disease.
Then you would have some very unique biology.....the mRNA code is shared across species.
You can't sue, they're exempt
Right, I believe all the lawsuits that are settled from people that had vaccine injury, are paid for by tax payers. Crazy! Soo Americans are paying for their malpractice, while they make our like bandits. Sure would love to keep our hard earned money.
@@lifebeginswithaseed it should bother everyone that the government agreed to pay off the vaccine injuries. That's a bit strange.
My concerns are around RNA re-writing DNA and whether tge vaccine is grown on animal tissue or has mercury, aluminum, or formaldehyde in it.
These Xaccines will mutate your DNA! And if you believe in the Bible, you won't be seen as GOD's Creation anymore! But you'll get access to travelling, healthcare, and business..
People will have to make a CHOICE!
@@recordingangelproductionsl5129 do you have medical knowledge, or you are just on drugs?
@@danielcristea6557 It’s absolutely true
@Lively Stones @Daniel Cristea I have medical knowledge. And if Caffeine is a drug...then the answer's yes.
@Sam Yaza why mai i ask is it "completely unnecessary" when thousands of peope are dying every day? You really don t care about them dying?
An RNA vaccine or mRNA (messenger RNA) vaccine is a new type of vaccine for providing acquired immunity through an mRNA incorporated in a delivery vehicle, such as lipid nanoparticles.[1] As of November 2020, no mRNA vaccine, or technology platform, has ever been approved for use in humans.
Yep the Pfizer trial has just been completed. No idea where you got December 2022 from: www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-conclude-phase-3-study-covid-19-vaccine
I consider you a more trustworthy source on this subject than many of the more widely accessed outlets, this sure is an interesting world we find ourselves in.
e: I appreciate you :)
Oh gosh, this is huge to me. Thank you. I hope that I can continue to put out the best quality info I can and be worthy of that trust!
We need more people to cite articles for each statement in their video! Let’s normalize this. What a great idea!
Just trying to be as clear and transparent as possible!
👆this!!!!
(And if every new paper would be accompanied with a video explainer, how cool would that be?!)
YES
Yup. All the suckers who think "Plandemic" was good failed to notice the lack of citations. The one time she claimed to have a source, she claimed the opposite of the study's conclusion.
Gazer gazer
You seem so in to it! Nice! Take it & tell us how it went!
Hahaha wauw
Lol
RNA vaccines... not good
Alex, very well done. I am going to share this on my medical laboratory science page and social media.
Thank you so much! I'm so glad you found it helpful.
Love the citation cited at the bottom left corner! Thanks for keeping us informed 🙏
Of course!! Just trying to make sure the information is as transparent as possible (and maybe start to set a precedent that we should all be citing our sources in conversations like this!).
Make sure you click on them then. Otherwise they are just for show 😅
@@AlexDainisPhD You lose all credibility when you cite the NYT and Vox. You clearly have no education regarding reliable sources.
@@FirstNameLastName-wt5to 3 out of total 17 sources Alex provided are NYT or Vox. The NYT page is being actively updated with vaccine development/access stats. The Vox one directly interviewed Dr. Fauci. These sources are appropriate to make the RNA vaccine understandable to the general audience.
I love how you summarized it. Thanks.
for those interested in the topic I recommend to read about regulatory oversight for safety of mRNA therapeutics........... you will find nothing, because there are none! this is the main reason why you can speed up development, cut costs and skip clinical trials
Thank you for sharing this bunch of information just within 1 video. 😊
What is luciferase and its connection to the coronavirus vaccine?
Luciferase is a really common tool that we use in the lab to make sure things are working. It's a bioluminescent protein, so for a lot of tests glowing=working. It's a great way to make sure your experiment is working. However I haven't seen any mention of it being in the proposed mRNA vaccines beyond testing in the lab, and it wouldn't make a ton of sense to me for them to add it into a vaccine.
@@AlexDainisPhD Thank you for answering my question Alex. I have provided a link from FDA.GOV about the testing of Luciferase but I couldn’t quite understand it fully. Also, it seems very strange to me that if this is administered to the vaccine then why would it be named after satan? I appreciate any feedback you have. Thanks again!
www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/science-research-biologics/luciferase-immunoprecipitation-system-lips-assay-rapid-simple-and-sensitive-test-detect-antibody
@@jchan81 Thanks for finding that article! Worth noting that it is not about vaccine development, it's about antibody testing. It's a new lab test to measure someone's immune response against a specific virus (in this case Respiratory Syncytial Virus, not COVID).
Antibodies are produced by our immune cells to target invading pathogens. When you are exposed to a new virus, your body needs time to produce antibodies designed to target it specifically. This assay attaches luciferase to something from the virus (in a tube, NOT in a human or animal), adds serum from a patient, then isolates the virus stuff bound by that patient's antibodies. The luciferase is then activated so that it glows. More glowing = more antibodies against that particular virus in the patient's blood = bigger immune response.
The name "luciferase" is derived from the Latin "lucifer" meaning "light bearer" because it glows.
@@Lauren-vd4qe Yes I truly believe that. It may seem very strange for people to understand the wickedness of this vaccine if they don’t have a relationship with the Lord.
Why's it named after the devil though?
And what exactly was the placebo used?
Thank you so much for all this information! Your video is very well done!
I've searched "scientific theory vs theory" and found your video from 2012, very good explanation.
And then I see you now, your appearance has change so much in 9 years. 👍
Ms. Dainis, thank you for this very clear explanation of an RNA vaccine. It is invaluable, and I think the best video I've ever seen on CZcams. I hope my shares of it brings you more views only because of how important and clear it is. Thank you.
Yes!!! This is what our population needs to see and needs to begin understanding!
Why don't they have people like you on the mainstream media channels explaining this to people? I feel so much more informed after watching this.
Would Covid 19 mRNA vaccines be safe for someone with a homozygous rare tRNA variant?
Great work Alex, I’m glad you put this together. I showed it to my dad and he feels more optimistic about the future. Thank you 😊
Aw this makes me so happy. We all need a little optimism right now.
And thank you for your recommendation to go one video. I think it was right.
Hey just out of curiosity, how many people usually participate in vaccine trials because 44,000 people sounds like quite a small sample size for a vaccine. Not trying to be provocative just curious is all.
@Alex Dainis Hey! Thanks for the video. I know this doesn't have to do with the topic itself, but may you create an advice video in the future for college students thinking of pursuing genetics career-wise? Thanks!
I truly enjoy your videos. You have a great presentation style.
You would take aches and fever over getting covid19, even though getting covid19, IF we are symptomatic only involves getting “some aches and pains and some fever” (perhaps some cough) for the vast majority of us? 🤔
Regarding the study, can you tell us what demographic was used? You mentioned age range, but what about their health? Covid19 impacts the elderly and those with underlying health conditions the most, were they tested on such a population? Or what about people with chronic illnesses? Do we know how they might react? How about the long-term consequence? Was this a crossover trial or will we be able to track and compare to see the long-term effects?
I think these are important questions that highlight the concerns about taking shortcuts in the urge to deliver vaccines rapidly.
Just found your channel. Love it! Keep it up!
thanks for your video; it was very informative. I have heard talk about RNA messenger vaccines causing auto immune problems etc. Do you have any thoughts about that?
Great talk. Two questions: is the myocite the cell transfected who express the new antigen or is the dendritic cell? How long it is detectable in the tissue and in the serum?
She talks big works but you came back with big words and no reply 🤔
First RNA vaccine of its kind.
Wonder what the long term effects will be !?!
Wonder in the study groups how many if any volunteers had
Heart disease
Diabetes
Parkinson’s
Cancer of any type
Pregnant
Any autoimmune diseases
Any medical issues period
What about all those out there previously injured by vaccines already. Are all these people represented in the trials ?
Or are we talking healthy overall individuals? ( that’s what I read )
You may be excited over this new vaccine ~ for me to many un answered questions from a big pharmaceutical Co. That has paid out billions in law suits for less than desirable so called “safe” medicines.
Nah they Dengvaxia in the Philippines, that was a RNA...it failed misserably.
Thank you so much for this easy to understand description of the vaccine. Very informative and no emotions. So refreshing !
Great explanation.
I would love to hear how an mRNA vaccine is produced. Do you have any suggestions to read or listen to?
Graduated psychology student here that is now interesting in studying biotech, with a focus on genetics.
Thanks for this great video! I have a question: if the rna causes your cells to build the spike proteins, does your immune system then attack these cells that display it? If they do is that a bad thing/ responsible for the fever and aches?
That's my impression too.
The cells would be displaying the spike protein through the MHC pathways, similar to how pieces of the virus would be displayed if the cell was actually infected. I think this article does a nice job of breaking down the specifics, and has a good diagram about halfway down: www.cas.org/blog/covid-mrna-vaccine
To the second half of your question, there are two arms of the immune system, the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. The adaptive one is the one that "learns" what a pathogen looks like and creates antibodies to fight it and remember it. The innate immune system is much more general (physical barriers like your skin, non-specific responses like inflammation and fever). To the best of my understanding, long-lasting immunity is best achieved when the two work together. So I believe the aches and fevers are coming from that innate response... but I really gotta get an immunologist to do a response video with me, because somebody who spends their life studying those interactions will be better able to pick apart the specifics than I.
How do they know exposure rate for the vaccinated group? How did they get to the 90% rate?
This was a really great summary video! May I suggest putting some current updates in bubbles during the video? Thank you for your hard work!
I *wish* CZcams still allowed for annotations because I would love to. I think I need to make an update vid...
Someone asked me this recently - He said if he got COVID-19, then is he immune? Obviously this is not the right way to get vaccinated but basically if someone already had COVID19 are they more or less ok?
A list of all the ingredients? Side effects?
Hi Alex,
i have an unrelated question regarding DNA-transcription. I heard, that in order to untwist the DNA, the Helicase has to spin around its own axis as fast as a jet engine. Now my question is: Shouldn't that be the Topoisomerases and not the Helicase, or are they both connected in some way and turning together?
The topoisomerase unrolls the dna chains and the helicase breaks up the connections between them.😊
Thank you so much! Shared the video, subbed the channel. Cheers 🥂
You are an amazing woman. Such a concise explanation, with CITATIONS!!! I came here from TikTok, and boy am I glad I did. Subscribed!
Thank you for making the leap from TikTok to here! I hope you enjoy this just as much :)
Do cells stop producing the spike protein at some point and how is it regulated how many cells do it? Can these be potential side effects ?
This is a great presentation, I just really wish more people listened.
I have a question i've been hearing on line that the nano tech can maybe be used at a later date to recieve imformation and posibly change our D.N.A could you maybe put out some clear and complete imformation on this wheather or not there is any truth to this .
Just need a text file of the virus genome. What the scientist do after they get that text file? Can you explain more?
There are machines that can generate arbitrary DNA or RNA code. It's called gene synthesis.
@@aspuzling so that machine make a gene, like the DNA in the cells. 'living biology'?
Greetings, Alex!
This is my first time watching you and I`m amazed
This was a great explainer. Thank you very much Alex for making it and also @SmarterEveryDay for linking me to this video. One question I have though. If we are using the RNA for the spike protein, that means that anything that is using the same spike protein would also be targeted by our newly trained immune system, correct?
If so, then is there anything in our bodies that would be inadvertently targeted? Or perhaps other good stuff that might use the same type of spike protein? Or do only "bad" things use spike proteins at all?
I know scientist that work at AstraZeneca and Pfizer. You say it only took them a year. They have been working on it since 2012 for SARS and only change the RNA codes for ncov2. The original trails would have started Aug 2021 and was pushed forward, the risks of this is unknown.
Not to mention the shady history of pharmaceutical companies, the lack of transparency with operation Warp Speed, the small sample sizes, and self reviewed trials.
It's a pass from me.
@@austyn5004 According to AstraZeneca website they planned to finish phase-II this year. The phase-III would have started Aug 2021, but since nobody is ill with SARS it would have just been a trail to learn about side effects. So to use it as a drug, they would have to wait for an outbreak (having the novel vaccine ready). This would have been done in a complete population to show true p values, which would then be correlated with ethnically, gender and age groups dosage and side effects of stage-III testing.
Pfizer, who specifically names BNT162b2 efficacy, are a little disingenuous when it comes to their p values. The margin of error, between two populations receiving placebos (as a cure to flu-type illness), is always higher than (p>0.0001). When this happens, what you do as a pharmaceutical company: is the old age trick of a snake-oil-salesmen. You show full transparency (which is in their press release) and you do not show how that relates with the illness distribution over the same population. Because correlation is not causation.
By doing this Pfizer gets publicity and can make use of the so-called fast track (Emergency process) to develop a novel vaccine.
Having said all of this, the above process is for other medication, we have no clue if this trick to fool the virus with a novel vaccine is long term viable. So there must be a wide population followup. Which Pfizer is now exonerated from because they are using the Emergency process.
Remember Remember the 15 days to flatten the curve in Q1 2020?
Sigh, those were the good old days.
When are you releasing your next video? It's been a while.
Where does the RNA come from that is being injected?
It's produced in labs
@@SC-RGX7 Produced from what? I think the covid 19 particle itself
@@mon5872 no! It's one of those rare vaccines that didn't use the actual virus, but it's decoded genome from a computer file. Look for it. Plus most vaccines are made from inactivated or weakened forms of the virus, or sometimes another harmless virus disguised as the virus we want to combat, and they do are safe to use, so....
@@SC-RGX7 That's what I meant by comming from the covid 19 virus itself; the rna code from the virus itself. Also I went on searching after this for more info on how exactly they do that and learned that they use certain elements along with the genome code to make the rna. I think that's really cool! Creepy cool🙃
Love this channel
Is there any.. Rna drugs for ataxia?? ❤️😭
I hear a lot of talk about T cells, are these what are known as Telomere or are they sometimes entirely different?
T cells are a part of our immune system, while telomeres are protective end bits of our DNA. This video talks about what we know re: t cells and covid-19! czcams.com/video/zvspgun7nl4/video.html
Just, thank you!
Is this going to be mandatory? Do we have to get it? Is this going to be like the flu shot? Get it if you want or not get it if you want?
-Does the RNA injection make a specific amount of anti bodies then stop, or can it keep going like a virus, or cancer, high-jacking the immune system and other functions?- answered. Also does it contain "perfectly safe" aluminium like other vaccines? Hopefully it doesn't contain "perfectly safe" mercury for conservation as it is kept very cold.
Silly question: your graphic shows the s protein on the human cell. Does this mean that potentially the immune system could attack our own cell? Or do our cells release the s proteins?
I simplified the process to make the video clear, so there are some differences in how our cells display the spike protein versus how it looks on the virus. An immunologist could probably describe the ins-and-outs much more clearly than I, but to the best of my knowledge this is not a concern.
@@AlexDainisPhD thank you! I also liked sources in the corner.
I'm glad! I've been trying it out for the last few videos and I think it helps with transparency of where my info is from in a time when not everyone is always clear about that...
I did more digging, and this article is a nice clear explanation on how our cells display the spike protein! www.cas.org/blog/covid-mrna-vaccine
@@AlexDainisPhD hey Dr dainis
Thank you for the paper! I was reading it and forgot to reply. Really makes things clearer. You're awesome. Keep doing awesome stuff and maybe if you want, talk.about crispr in covid tests.
Where is the article about this... how many people participated and how many got injected with the vaccine? It sounded like you said 9 people got injected at 6:39 so is it 90% efficient of the 9 people?
All of the cited articles are in the description, but to clarify, 44,000 people were in the trial: half got the vaccine and half got a placebo. Of those 44,000 people, 96 people have gotten sick so far. Almost all of them were in the placebo group, but about 9 were in the vaccine group. This is all from an intermediate time point press release here: www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-and-biontech-announce-vaccine-candidate-against
Very informative :) Thank you...
Awesome and informative video! I have two questions. How do the displayed viral proteins cause an immune response? Is it just because it's a protein that the body doesn't recognize? I'm also wondering what causes the aches and pains? Is it the bodies own (over) reaction or do cells actually get damaged by producing the protein that they don't usually produce?
The cells would be displaying the spike protein through the MHC pathways, similar to how pieces of the virus would be displayed if the cell was actually infected. I think this article does a nice job of breaking down the specifics, and has a good diagram about halfway down: www.cas.org/blog/covid-mrna-vaccine
To the second half of your question, there are two arms of the immune system, the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. The adaptive one is the one that "learns" what a pathogen looks like and creates antibodies to fight it and remember it. The innate immune system is much more general (physical barriers like your skin, non-specific responses like inflammation and fever). To the best of my understanding, long-lasting immunity is best achieved when the two work together. So I believe the aches and fevers are coming from that innate response... but I really gotta get an immunologist to do a response video with me, because somebody who spends their life studying those interactions will be better able to pick apart the specifics than I.
Thanks Alex. The article mentions cytotoxic T cells which kill the infected cells and probably also contribute to the transient symptoms. The whole cellular system of the immune response was always a weak point for me so I'll definitely go forth and learn more :)
@@AlexDainisPhD thanks that article is super helpful.
Where is the package insert
This is a great video for how these vaccines work. Really appreciate it but still a hard pass.
People need to understand how extremely shady pfizer is as a company and if people get vaccine damages, your SOL. There's laws in place where you can't sue these companies.
The laws that were put in place were to ensure that vaccine makers still continued to make vaccines, which is a general good for public health. This article does a really nice job of explaining why this rule came into place: www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2019/05/vaccine-safety-program/589354/
@@AlexDainisPhD
My understanding is the covid19 vaccine does not fall under the compensation program. It will fall under the CICP. Here you can only file a claim if it's within one year of injection. Moderna/pfizer both say that there is no studies or knowledge of long term side effects. So what if down the line there is some type of injury after a year? Two years?
I would love to discuss this with you further. I'm launching a podcast here at the end of the week would absolutely appreciate your take on a ton of questions I have.
Can you email me at disinformationrussian@gmail.com ?
@@AlexDainisPhD, Pfizer made the anthrax shot and everyone knows how that went...
I was at first very sceptical to mRNA and always thought the vaccine required a "virus host" to deliver the anti-protein. After watching your video a lot became much clearer and easier to understand how the cells are working, how they are built and how the vaccine actually works. Love the animations! Thanks Alex!
The astraZenica vaciine contains aborted human foetus, ALL of the vaccine companies are exempt from liability, NONE are tested long term, your body, your choice, I wont gamble on my life.
You don't talk either about long term adverse effects like autoimmune response. Other concern : if someone is vaccined and gets the virus a second time after vaccination due to the short protection this vaccine gives, is this person in danger of getting a far more dangerous version of the covid disease ? Thank you
Well that is the reason it takes years for vaccines to get approval..the creation and delivery of an effective vaccine in an ethical manner is important. The efficacy on long term studies have to be done
Shhhhh
She said that RNA degrades pretty rapidly so it's unlikely to cause long term harm. I'm not sure what the scientific consensus is on the necessary research to determine all the long term effects though.
Is it RNA or mRNA? And what's the difference? Why does it have to be administer through the blood? Why two doses? Thank you
Great video. You are the perfect kind of science communicator that the world increasingly filling up with fake news needs. Really appreciate the citations.
Great video thank you soo much.
Why is the imun system even fighting the spike protein if there is no virus attached to it.
I think it's because it doesn't recognize it. Then it builds a defence against it, so that if you get the real thing, your immune system is ready for the challenge. But I am no expert.
Question: It's my understanding that the "corona" name given to SARS-CoV-2 is due to those very same protein spikes giving it a "crown"-like appearance, and that the "-2" is because the first coronavirus was SARS-CoV-1 (aka SARS) from back in 2003. Presuming that SARS-CoV-1 also has protein spikes, would this same vaccine also be effective against that, or are the spikes unique between -1 and -2 variants, or...?
It's been suggested the other way around. www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2550-z_reference.pdf
Cross reactivity has been found between SARS-cov2 and SARs-cov1 (SARS). Seems like there is some cross-immunity.
This also suggests that the immunity provided by vaccines might be long lasting. People who had SARs still had T cells 17 years later (today).
Ok so what about pathogenic priming?
What about people with medical condition? Can they get vaccine?
How can we put something in our bodies that is -80 degrees?
That's like saying, how can we eat fish that is -10 degrees when I buy it?
the -80 is to store it for stability. Simply thaw it before use.......
Do they inject the vaccine in cytoplasme or nucleus of our cell ?
Loved the video!!! A few quick questions -
(1 Is there no risk of the immune system being unable to recognise this protein as a foreign particle if it's produced inside our own cells?
(2) Are other RNA vaccines in production also double dose and cold storage requiring or is that only true of Pfizer?
(3) Where can I find reliable estimates for when a vaccine will be available, or just trustworthy dumbed down vaccine news?
Thank you!
2) The moderna vaccine is also a double dose with doses 4 weeks apart rather than 3.
3) no one will be able to give you a reliable estimate but the BBC report that Pfizer have promised to deliver 100m doses to the UK next year. People in care homes, healthcare workers and people over 70 years old will get highest priority, then it will go down by age.
www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-51665497
@@aspuzling thanks :)
As their any hope for ataxia patient?, in near future ❤️😭💔💔
Will people be forced to take the vaccine?
Great video. Question: If the RNA vaccine does not integrate into the DNA, then how does the cell retain the information present in the vaccine RNA?
So what's stored is your body's immune response to the vaccine, rather than the vaccine itself. The RNA goes away but your antibodies persist.
@@AlexDainisPhD Thank you very much for the reply, Doc. And thank you for the excellent video. Loved it! Next I am going to watch the one on vaccines. Now for the question, and sorry for the bother:
What I don't understand is, I imagine the antibodies have to be produced for a certain period of time. That information, therefore, must be stored somewhere in the cell so that the cell machinery can produce the antibodies. Does that particular RNA strand that was the RNA in the vaccine stay in the cell for whatever that period of time is? Isn't it copied and stored somewhere since the RNA is a fragile molecule and will break down with time?
Two things: 1. why are so many people commenting about us being the test bunnies without watching the video? Watch and you will understand. 2. to those commenting on old vaccines taking 10 years to develop- most of that time was spent researching the virus, applying for funding and waiting for bureaucratic nonsense to proceed. It doesn’t mean it was tested for that long.
Great explanation!
You seam very passionate so i feel you would be a good person to ask a complicated question. How does mRNA differ from gene editing with crisper. is it that the nanoparticles transporting the RNA cannot make it into the nucleus but the CRISPER bacteria can. I am not an expert so these things feel very similar.
Here's a question that baffles me: why do our cells have the receptors for that protein in the first place and how does the body know they're being exploited by a virus?
I hope the answer can he explained in layman terms. As interesting as biology is, I deemed it too complicated to study along with chemistry at college. That's my only gripe.
Edit: I don't need an answer, it's just a thought
Would this vaccine prevent shedding?
Lol
This is good news indeed. And thank you for citing your sources.
As a geneticist is there a difference in the gene make up of different races for how the vaccine affects different people?
You briefly mentioned that the RNA breaks down over time. What are those timelines? I’ve been trying to find quality answers to that for the current RNA candidates and have not been able to. Also, some of the RNA vaccines are “self amplifying” wouldn’t those remain in your body indefinitely as they cause your body to reproduce themselves. (I know that the particular vaccine in this video is not self amplifying.)
grand merci pour vos explications de vulgarisation , tout a fait adéquates
et la traduction google automatique qui fonctionne bien
Really well presented, thanks. One thing I'd like to know is why RNA vaccines have not been used before now. Is it because the technology to create them has only just become viable? Or is it because before the pandemic it was more difficult to gain approval for human testing?
There were lots of vaccines in the works for things like zika and ebola and rabies using this tech, but it was moving slowly, as those were much lower pressure situations. COVID-19 really pushed down the gas pedal on these technologies and ramped them up faster due to the huge need.
What if our cells start creating the spike proteins without the RNA sequencing? Running amuck if you will. Isn’t that how cancer works?
What do you mean by RNA sequencing? The RNA is already sequenced and is in the vaccine, your cells will only read the RNA until it is degraded (RNA is not a stable molecule and is easily degraded with time) and produce some protein. There's no relation to cancer whatsoever.
@@lanternofthegreen And there is zero chance the cells will start producing spike proteins on their own... after the RNA has degraded?
@@lanternofthegreen Does the protein contain the DNA of the virus and what dosage do they give.
= @@jodeneny2252 = It would only be RNA of the virus. . the virus does not have DNA, just RNA, . .They keep saying 9:30 that it does not have to go into the nucleus, or the chances are low of going into the Nucleus , But I have not heard them say that it can not go into the Nucleus and become part of the DNA. .
I think they know this is possible, but refuse to tell the truth.
#
Wait, all they need is a text file of the genome? What do they do after that? Is this some crazy CRISPR magic?
It's not CRISPR magic, but it is pretty cool! My best analogy is that it's like getting a 3D printer file for the virus and selecting just the spike protein to print. It's really the same thing, but instead of printing plastic you're synthesizing RNA!
What about the people who ended up getting Bell's Palsy?
The average rate of Bell’s palsy in the US is around 40 cases/100,000 per year, so the trial reports (4/30,000 and 4/44,000) are less than the expected annual rates. However, to be safe, CDC and FDA are investigating this further - so far there has been no evidence to link these to either vaccine.
A challenge with vaccine trials is that incidental medical issues and illnesses that normally occur in certain frequencies across a population will continue to occur in trial participants (heart attacks, Bell’s palsy, seizures, strokes), and these can be falsely linked to vaccination. Even though these conditions would occur regardless, they are often stated to be caused by the vaccine when they’re not. We always want to verify the normal incidence rate of *any* medical condition is when evaluating potential causality.
Bell’s palsy occurs in about 45,000/year under normal conditions. There is no evidence that the vaccines cause or are linked to Bell’s palsy. If you have developed Bell’s palsy in the past, you are still encouraged to get vaccinated
Sounds really interesting. I'm not sure if this has been answered in other comments but what do you know about the ethics of its production? As in are they using Aborted Fetus Culture etc like MEK293 and MC-5 in the testing or production process? There are some folks who would have an ethical problem with this? I'm new to this. Thank you so much for your video it was so informative!
Always been curious about this. I'm utterly against abortion (give the baby up for adoption at least!), but my understanding about the aborted fetal tissue that's been used in (all?) vaccines is that it was based on like 2-3 aborted babies from way back in the day, and not some on-going thing that requires "fresh" abortions on a regular basis (I haven't researched that, so I may be wrong). That said, if that's true, in a way I'd rather some good come of the murders of those babies than it having just been... murder. Does that make sense? What're your thoughts?
It’s an abomination to God to use fetal cells all together
Hello Alex! Good work :). I listened to one podcast about Moderna. They said that when they got the genetic code all it took like 42 days to make a vaccine. Rest of the time has went to studies and trials?? Is it true? About mRNA vaccines: It's good that from now on scientist can maybe make better seasonal influenza vaccines and other vaccines as well. For example if someday there is an avian influenza threat it is possible to tackle it rapidly.
Were dose the RNA come from, how do they get it?
I just wonder about the "composition " of this RNA Vaccine came from. Anybody with me?
Vaccines take roughly 10 years to create. This vaccine was created in a matter of months.
the ingredients of this vaccine has been studied for decades. I recommend looking into it more there is a lot of great videos out there and information that explains that yes the vaccine is new, but the ingredients itself is not so new and already has been something that was studied which is why it was determined to be safe
thank you for you clear and precise information amongst the sea of mis information and misinterpretation by the malinformed.
im 2 years into my biotech studies and this is all very interesting to me.
What if someone is already infected? How would this vaccine work in that scenario?
well a vaccine is not a cure, it prevents you from getting sick, it doesn't cure you if you're sick
That’s why we need therapeutics
Thank you. I'm on immunosuppressants, and I was worried that it would act more like a living vaccine.
You are still advised not to get this vaccine.